1
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Saha AK, Ray DS, Deb B. Phase diffusion and fluctuations in a dissipative Bose-Josephson junction. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:034141. [PMID: 37073026 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.034141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the phase diffusion, quantum fluctuations and their spectral features of a one-dimensional Bose-Josephson junction (BJJ) nonlinearly coupled to a bosonic heat bath. The phase diffusion is considered by taking into account of random modulations of the BJJ modes causing a phase loss of initial coherence between the ground and excited states, whereby the frequency modulation is incorporated in the system-reservoir Hamiltonian by an interaction term linear in bath operators but nonlinear in system (BJJ) operators. We examine the dependence of the phase diffusion coefficient on the on-site interaction and temperature in the zero- and π-phase modes and demonstrate its phase transition-like behavior between the Josephson oscillation and the macroscopic quantum self-trapping (MQST) regimes in the π-phase mode. Based on the thermal canonical Wigner distribution, which is the equilibrium solution of the associated quantum Langevin equation for phase, coherence factor is calculated to study phase diffusion for the zero- and π-phase modes. We investigate the quantum fluctuations of the relative phase and population imbalance in terms of fluctuation spectra which capture an interesting shift in Josephson frequency induced by frequency fluctuation due to nonlinear system-reservoir coupling, as well as the on-site interaction-induced splitting in the weak dissipative regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Kumar Saha
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Deb Shankar Ray
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Bimalendu Deb
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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2
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Wlazłowski G, Xhani K, Tylutki M, Proukakis NP, Magierski P. Dissipation Mechanisms in Fermionic Josephson Junction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:023003. [PMID: 36706420 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.023003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We characterize numerically the dominant dynamical regimes in a superfluid ultracold fermionic Josephson junction. Beyond the coherent Josephson plasma regime, we discuss the onset and physical mechanism of dissipation due to the superflow exceeding a characteristic speed, and provide clear evidence distinguishing its physical mechanism across the weakly and strongly interacting limits, despite qualitative dynamics of global characteristics being only weakly sensitive to the operating dissipative mechanism. Specifically, dissipation in the strongly interacting regime occurs through the phase-slippage process, caused by the emission and propagation of quantum vortices, and sound waves-similar to the Bose-Einstein condensation limit. Instead, in the weak interaction limit, the main dissipative channel arises through the pair-breaking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Wlazłowski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Ulica Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Klejdja Xhani
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marek Tylutki
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Ulica Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nikolaos P Proukakis
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Magierski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Ulica Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
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3
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An FA, Sundar B, Hou J, Luo XW, Meier EJ, Zhang C, Hazzard KRA, Gadway B. Nonlinear Dynamics in a Synthetic Momentum-State Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:130401. [PMID: 34623847 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.130401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The scope of analog simulation in atomic, molecular, and optical systems has expanded greatly over the past decades. Recently, the idea of synthetic dimensions-in which transport occurs in a space spanned by internal or motional states coupled by field-driven transitions-has played a key role in this expansion. While approaches based on synthetic dimensions have led to rapid advances in single-particle Hamiltonian engineering, strong interaction effects have been conspicuously absent from most synthetic dimensions platforms. Here, in a lattice of coupled atomic momentum states, we show that atomic interactions result in large and qualitative changes to dynamics in the synthetic dimension. We explore how the interplay of nonlinear interactions and coherent tunneling enriches the dynamics of a one-band tight-binding model giving rise to macroscopic self-trapping and phase-driven Josephson dynamics with a nonsinusoidal current-phase relationship, which can be viewed as stemming from a nonlinear band structure arising from interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhao Alex An
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Bhuvanesh Sundar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Junpeng Hou
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Xi-Wang Luo
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Eric J Meier
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Kaden R A Hazzard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Bryce Gadway
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
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4
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Kwon WJ, Del Pace G, Panza R, Inguscio M, Zwerger W, Zaccanti M, Scazza F, Roati G. Strongly correlated superfluid order parameters from dc Josephson supercurrents. Science 2020; 369:84-88. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. J. Kwon
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G. Del Pace
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - R. Panza
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M. Inguscio
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - W. Zwerger
- Physics Department, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Zaccanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F. Scazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G. Roati
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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5
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Luick N, Sobirey L, Bohlen M, Singh VP, Mathey L, Lompe T, Moritz H. An ideal Josephson junction in an ultracold two-dimensional Fermi gas. Science 2020; 369:89-91. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Luick
- Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lennart Sobirey
- Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Bohlen
- Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Mathey
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lompe
- Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Moritz
- Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Xhani K, Neri E, Galantucci L, Scazza F, Burchianti A, Lee KL, Barenghi CF, Trombettoni A, Inguscio M, Zaccanti M, Roati G, Proukakis NP. Critical Transport and Vortex Dynamics in a Thin Atomic Josephson Junction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:045301. [PMID: 32058733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the onset of dissipation in an atomic Josephson junction between Fermi superfluids in the molecular Bose-Einstein condensation limit of strong attraction. Our simulations identify the critical population imbalance and the maximum Josephson current delimiting dissipationless and dissipative transport, in quantitative agreement with recent experiments. We unambiguously link dissipation to vortex ring nucleation and dynamics, demonstrating that quantum phase slips are responsible for the observed resistive current. Our work directly connects microscopic features with macroscopic dissipative transport, providing a comprehensive description of vortex ring dynamics in three-dimensional inhomogeneous constricted superfluids at zero and finite temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Xhani
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - E Neri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Galantucci
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - F Scazza
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Burchianti
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - K-L Lee
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - C F Barenghi
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - A Trombettoni
- CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS Simulation Center and SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Inguscio
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - M Zaccanti
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Roati
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - N P Proukakis
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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7
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Polo J, Ahufinger V, Hekking FWJ, Minguzzi A. Damping of Josephson Oscillations in Strongly Correlated One-Dimensional Atomic Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:090404. [PMID: 30230871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study Josephson oscillations of two strongly correlated one-dimensional bosonic clouds separated by a localized barrier. Using a quantum-Langevin approach and the exact Tonks-Girardeau solution in the impenetrable-boson limit, we determine the dynamical evolution of the particle-number imbalance, displaying an effective damping of the Josephson oscillations which depends on barrier height, interaction strength, and temperature. We show that the damping originates from the quantum and thermal fluctuations intrinsically present in the strongly correlated gas. Because of the density-phase duality of the model, the same results apply to particle-current oscillations in a one-dimensional ring where a weak barrier couples different angular momentum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Polo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - V Ahufinger
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F W J Hekking
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Minguzzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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8
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Pigneur M, Berrada T, Bonneau M, Schumm T, Demler E, Schmiedmayer J. Relaxation to a Phase-Locked Equilibrium State in a One-Dimensional Bosonic Josephson Junction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:173601. [PMID: 29756828 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study on the nonequilibrium tunnel dynamics of two coupled one-dimensional Bose-Einstein quasicondensates deep in the Josephson regime. Josephson oscillations are initiated by splitting a single one-dimensional condensate and imprinting a relative phase between the superfluids. Regardless of the initial state and experimental parameters, the dynamics of the relative phase and atom number imbalance shows a relaxation to a phase-locked steady state. The latter is characterized by a high phase coherence and reduced fluctuations with respect to the initial state. We propose an empirical model based on the analogy with the anharmonic oscillator to describe the effect of various experimental parameters. A microscopic theory compatible with our observations is still missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Pigneur
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tarik Berrada
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Bonneau
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thorsten Schumm
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jörg Schmiedmayer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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9
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An FA, Meier EJ, Ang'ong'a J, Gadway B. Correlated Dynamics in a Synthetic Lattice of Momentum States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:040407. [PMID: 29437415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of atomic interactions on quantum simulations in momentum-space lattices (MSLs), where driven transitions between discrete momentum states mimic transport between sites of a synthetic lattice. Low-energy atomic collisions, which are short ranged in real space, relate to nearly infinite-ranged interactions in momentum space. However, the added exchange energy between atoms in distinguishable momentum states leads to an effectively attractive, finite-ranged interaction between atoms in momentum space. In this Letter, we observe the onset of self-trapping driven by such interactions in a momentum-space double well, paving the way for more complex many-body studies in tailored MSLs. We consider the types of phenomena that may result from these interactions, including the formation of chiral solitons in zigzag flux lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhao Alex An
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Eric J Meier
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Jackson Ang'ong'a
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Bryce Gadway
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
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10
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Symmetry breaking, Josephson oscillation and self-trapping in a self-bound three-dimensional quantum ball. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16045. [PMID: 29167515 PMCID: PMC5700079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We study spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), Josephson oscillation, and self-trapping in a stable, mobile, three-dimensional matter-wave spherical quantum ball self-bound by attractive two-body and repulsive three-body interactions. The SSB is realized by a parity-symmetric (a) one-dimensional (1D) double-well potential or (b) a 1D Gaussian potential, both along the z axis and no potential along the x and y axes. In the presence of each of these potentials, the symmetric ground state dynamically evolves into a doubly-degenerate SSB ground state. If the SSB ground state in the double well, predominantly located in the first well (z > 0), is given a small displacement, the quantum ball oscillates with a self-trapping in the first well. For a medium displacement one encounters an asymmetric Josephson oscillation. The asymmetric oscillation is a consequence of SSB. The study is performed by a variational and a numerical solution of a non-linear mean-field model with 1D parity-symmetric perturbations.
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11
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Krinner S, Esslinger T, Brantut JP. Two-terminal transport measurements with cold atoms. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:343003. [PMID: 28749788 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa74a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the ability of cold atom experiments to explore condensed-matter-related questions has dramatically progressed. Transport experiments, in particular, have expanded to the point in which conductance and other transport coefficients can now be measured in a way that is directly analogous to solid-state physics, extending cold-atom-based quantum simulations into the domain of quantum electronic devices. In this topical review, we describe the transport experiments performed with cold gases in the two-terminal configuration, with an emphasis on the specific features of cold atomic gases compared to solid-state physics. We present the experimental techniques and the main experimental findings, focusing on-but not restricted to-the recent experiments performed by our group. We finally discuss the perspectives opened up by this approach, the main technical and conceptual challenges for future developments, and potential applications in quantum simulation for transport phenomena and mesoscopic physics problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Krinner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Potnis S, Ramos R, Maeda K, Carr LD, Steinberg AM. Interaction-Assisted Quantum Tunneling of a Bose-Einstein Condensate Out of a Single Trapping Well. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:060402. [PMID: 28234507 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.060402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study tunneling of Bose-condensed ^{87}Rb atoms prepared in a quasibound state and observe a nonexponential decay caused by interatomic interactions. A combination of a magnetic quadrupole trap and a thin 1.3 μm barrier created using a blue-detuned sheet of light is used to tailor traps with controllable depth and tunneling rate. The escape dynamics strongly depend on the mean-field energy, which gives rise to three distinct regimes-classical spilling over the barrier, quantum tunneling, and decay dominated by background losses. We show that the tunneling rate depends exponentially on the chemical potential. Our results show good agreement with numerical solutions of the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Potnis
- Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control and Institute for Optical Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Ramon Ramos
- Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control and Institute for Optical Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Lincoln D Carr
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Aephraim M Steinberg
- Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control and Institute for Optical Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Canadian Institute For Advanced Research, 180 Dundas Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
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13
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Keil M, Amit O, Zhou S, Groswasser D, Japha Y, Folman R. Fifteen years of cold matter on the atom chip: promise, realizations, and prospects. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2016; 63:1840-1885. [PMID: 27499585 PMCID: PMC4960518 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2016.1178820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here we review the field of atom chips in the context of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) as well as cold matter in general. Twenty years after the first realization of the BEC and 15 years after the realization of the atom chip, the latter has been found to enable extraordinary feats: from producing BECs at a rate of several per second, through the realization of matter-wave interferometry, and all the way to novel probing of surfaces and new forces. In addition, technological applications are also being intensively pursued. This review will describe these developments and more, including new ideas which have not yet been realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Keil
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Omer Amit
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Shuyu Zhou
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - David Groswasser
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Yonathan Japha
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ron Folman
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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14
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Posazhennikova A, Trujillo-Martinez M, Kroha J. Inflationary Quasiparticle Creation and Thermalization Dynamics in Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:225304. [PMID: 27314725 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.225304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A Bose gas in a double-well potential, exhibiting a true Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) amplitude and initially performing Josephson oscillations, is a prototype of an isolated, nonequilibrium many-body system. We investigate the quasiparticle (QP) creation and thermalization dynamics of this system by solving the time-dependent Keldysh-Bogoliubov equations. We find avalanchelike QP creation due to a parametric resonance between BEC and QP oscillations, followed by slow, exponential relaxation to a thermal state at an elevated temperature, controlled by the initial excitation energy of the oscillating BEC above its ground state. The crossover between the two regimes occurs because of an effective decoupling of the QP and BEC oscillations. This dynamics is analogous to elementary particle creation in models of the early universe. The thermalization in our setup occurs because the BEC acts as a grand canonical reservoir for the quasiparticle system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Posazhennikova
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio Trujillo-Martinez
- Physikalisches Institut and Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johann Kroha
- Physikalisches Institut and Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
- Center for Correlated Matter, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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15
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Eckel S, Lee JG, Jendrzejewski F, Lobb CJ, Campbell GK, Hill WT. Contact resistance and phase slips in mesoscopic superfluid atom transport. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2016; 93:10.1103/PhysRevA.93.063619. [PMID: 36733381 PMCID: PMC9890817 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.93.063619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have experimentally measured transport of superfluid, bosonic atoms in a mesoscopic system: a small channel connecting two large reservoirs. Starting far from equilibrium (superfluid in a single reservoir), we observe first resistive flow transitioning at a critical current into superflow, characterized by oscillations. We reproduce this full evolution with a simple electronic circuit model. We compare our fitted conductance to two different microscopic phenomenological models. We also show that the oscillations are consistent with LC oscillations as estimated by the kinetic inductance and effective capacitance in our system. Our experiment provides an attractive platform to begin to probe the mesoscopic transport properties of a dilute, superfluid, Bose gas.
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16
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Husmann D, Uchino S, Krinner S, Lebrat M, Giamarchi T, Esslinger T, Brantut JP. Connecting strongly correlated superfluids by a quantum point contact. Science 2015; 350:1498-501. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac9584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Valtolina G, Burchianti A, Amico A, Neri E, Xhani K, Seman JA, Trombettoni A, Smerzi A, Zaccanti M, Inguscio M, Roati G. Josephson effect in fermionic superfluids across the BEC-BCS crossover. Science 2015; 350:1505-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac9725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Kevrekidis PG, Pelinovsky DE, Saxena A. When linear stability does not exclude nonlinear instability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:214101. [PMID: 26066436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.214101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a mechanism that results in the nonlinear instability of stationary states even in the case where the stationary states are linearly stable. This instability is due to the nonlinearity-induced coupling of the linearization's internal modes of negative energy with the continuous spectrum. In a broad class of nonlinear Schrödinger equations considered, the presence of such internal modes guarantees the nonlinear instability of the stationary states in the evolution dynamics. To corroborate this idea, we explore three prototypical case examples: (a) an antisymmetric soliton in a double-well potential, (b) a twisted localized mode in a one-dimensional lattice with cubic nonlinearity, and (c) a discrete vortex in a two-dimensional saturable lattice. In all cases, we observe a weak nonlinear instability, despite the linear stability of the respective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Kevrekidis
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-4515, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Studies and Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - D E Pelinovsky
- Department of Mathematics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, 24 Minin Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - A Saxena
- Center for Nonlinear Studies and Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
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19
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Papoular DJ, Pitaevskii LP, Stringari S. Fast thermalization and Helmholtz oscillations of an ultracold Bose gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:170601. [PMID: 25379907 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.170601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We analyze theoretically the transport properties of a weakly interacting ultracold Bose gas enclosed in two reservoirs connected by a constriction. We assume that the transport of the superfluid part is hydrodynamic, and we describe the ballistic transport of the normal part using the Landauer-Büttiker formalism. Modeling the coupled evolution of the phase, atom number, and temperature mismatches between the reservoirs, we predict that Helmholtz (plasma) oscillations can be observed at nonzero temperatures below Tc. We show that, because of its strong compressibility, the Bose gas is characterized by a fast thermalization compared to the damping time for plasma oscillations, accompanied by a fast transfer of the normal component. This fast thermalization also affects the gas above Tc, where we present a comparison to the ideal fermionic case. Moreover, we outline the possible realization of a superleak through the inclusion of a disordered potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Papoular
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - L P Pitaevskii
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy and Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems, Kosygina 2, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - S Stringari
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
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20
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Ryu C, Blackburn PW, Blinova AA, Boshier MG. Experimental realization of Josephson junctions for an atom SQUID. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:205301. [PMID: 24289693 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.205301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the creation of a pair of Josephson junctions on a toroidal dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a configuration that is the cold atom analog of the well-known dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). We observe Josephson effects, measure the critical current of the junctions, and find dynamic behavior that is in good agreement with the simple Josephson equations for a tunnel junction with the ideal sinusoidal current-phase relation expected for the parameters of the experiment. The junctions and toroidal trap are created with the painted potential, a time-averaged optical dipole potential technique which will allow scaling to more complex BEC circuit geometries than the single atom-SQUID case reported here. Since rotation plays the same role in the atom SQUID as magnetic field does in the dc SQUID magnetometer, the device has potential as a compact rotation sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ryu
- P-21, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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21
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Petrescu A, Le Hur K. Bosonic Mott insulator with Meissner currents. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:150601. [PMID: 24160585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.150601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a generic bosonic model exemplifying that (spin) Meissner currents can persist in insulating phases of matter. We consider two species of interacting bosons on a lattice. Our model exhibits separation of charge (total density) and spin (relative density): the charge sector is gapped in a bosonic Mott insulator phase with total density one, while the spin sector remains superfluid due to interspecies conversion. Coupling the spin sector to the gauge fields yields a spin Meissner effect reflecting the long-range spin superfluid coherence. We investigate the resulting phase diagram and describe other possible spin phases of matter in the Mott regime possessing chiral currents as well as a spin-density wave phase. The model presented here is realizable in Josephson junction arrays and in cold atom experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Petrescu
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA and Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cédex, France
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22
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Tian J, Qiu H, Wang G, Chen Y, Fu LB. Measure synchronization in a two-species bosonic Josephson junction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:032906. [PMID: 24125324 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.032906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Measure synchronization (MS) in a two-species bosonic Josephson junction (BJJ) is studied based on semiclassical theory. Six different scenarios for MS, including two in the Josephson oscillation regime (the zero-phase mode) and four in the self-trapping regime (the π-phase mode), are clearly shown. Systematic investigations of the common features behind these different scenarios are performed. We show that the average energies of the two species merge at the MS transition point. The scaling of the power law near the MS transition is verified and the critical exponent is 1/2 for all of the different scenarios for MS. We also illustrate MS in a three-dimensional phase space; from this illustration, more detailed information on the dynamical process can be obtained. In particular, by analyzing the Poincaré sections with changing interspecies interactions, we find that the two-species BJJ exhibits separatrix crossing behavior at the MS transition point and such behavior depicts the general mechanism behind the different scenarios for the MS transitions. The new critical behavior found in a two-species BJJ is expected to be found in real systems of atomic Bose gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, 710121 Xi'an, China and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
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23
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Stadler D, Krinner S, Meineke J, Brantut JP, Esslinger T. Observing the drop of resistance in the flow of a superfluid Fermi gas. Nature 2013. [PMID: 23192151 DOI: 10.1038/nature11613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability of particles to flow with very low resistance is characteristic of superfluid and superconducting states, leading to their discovery in the past century. Although measuring the particle flow in liquid helium or superconducting materials is essential to identify superfluidity or superconductivity, no analogous measurement has been performed for superfluids based on ultracold Fermi gases. Here we report direct measurements of the conduction properties of strongly interacting fermions, observing the well-known drop in resistance that is associated with the onset of superfluidity. By varying the depth of the trapping potential in a narrow channel connecting two atomic reservoirs, we observed variations of the atomic current over several orders of magnitude. We related the intrinsic conduction properties to the thermodynamic functions in a model-independent way, by making use of high-resolution in situ imaging in combination with current measurements. Our results show that, as in solid-state systems, current and resistance measurements in quantum gases provide a sensitive probe with which to explore many-body physics. Our method is closely analogous to the operation of a solid-state field-effect transistor and could be applied as a probe for optical lattices and disordered systems, paving the way for modelling complex superconducting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stadler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Wright KC, Blakestad RB, Lobb CJ, Phillips WD, Campbell GK. Driving phase slips in a superfluid atom circuit with a rotating weak link. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:025302. [PMID: 23383912 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.025302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have observed well-defined phase slips between quantized persistent current states around a toroidal atomic (23Na) Bose-Einstein condensate. These phase slips are induced by a weak link (a localized region of reduced superfluid density) rotated slowly around the ring. This is analogous to the behavior of a superconducting loop with a weak link in the presence of an external magnetic field. When the weak link is rotated more rapidly, well-defined phase slips no longer occur, and vortices enter into the bulk of the condensate. A noteworthy feature of this system is the ability to dynamically vary the current-phase relation of the weak link, a feature which is difficult to implement in superconducting or superfluid helium circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wright
- National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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25
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O'Dell DHJ. Quantum catastrophes and ergodicity in the dynamics of bosonic Josephson junctions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:150406. [PMID: 23102282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.150406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study rainbow (fold) and cusp catastrophes that form in Fock space following a quench in a Bose Josephson junction. In the Gross-Pitaevskii mean-field theory, the rainbows are singular caustics, but in the second-quantized theory a Poisson resummation of the wave function shows that they are described by well-behaved Airy functions. The structural stability of these Fock space caustics against variations in the initial conditions and Hamiltonian evolution is guaranteed by catastrophe theory. We also show that the long-time dynamics are ergodic. Our results are relevant to the question posed by Berry [M. V. Berry, Nonlinearity 21, T19 (2008)]: Are there circumstances when it is necessary to second quantize wave theory in order to avoid singularities?
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Affiliation(s)
- D H J O'Dell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Gerritsma R, Negretti A, Doerk H, Idziaszek Z, Calarco T, Schmidt-Kaler F. Bosonic Josephson junction controlled by a single trapped ion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:080402. [PMID: 23002726 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.080402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the properties of a double-well bosonic Josephson junction coupled to a single trapped ion. We find that the coupling between the wells can be controlled by the internal state of the ion, which can be used for studying mesoscopic entanglement between the two systems and to measure their interaction with high precision. As a particular example we consider a single ^{87}Rb atom and a small Bose-Einstein condensate controlled by a single 171Yb+ ion. We calculate interwell coupling rates reaching hundreds of Hz, while the state dependence amounts to tens of Hz for plausible values of the currently unknown s-wave scattering length between the atom and the ion. The analysis shows that it is possible to induce either the self-trapping or the tunneling regime, depending on the internal state of the ion. This enables the generation of large scale ion-atomic wave packet entanglement within current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gerritsma
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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27
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Betz T, Manz S, Bücker R, Berrada T, Koller C, Kazakov G, Mazets IE, Stimming HP, Perrin A, Schumm T, Schmiedmayer J. Two-point phase correlations of a one-dimensional bosonic Josephson junction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:020407. [PMID: 21405210 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We realize a one-dimensional Josephson junction using quantum degenerate Bose gases in a tunable double well potential on an atom chip. Matter wave interferometry gives direct access to the relative phase field, which reflects the interplay of thermally driven fluctuations and phase locking due to tunneling. The thermal equilibrium state is characterized by probing the full statistical distribution function of the two-point phase correlation. Comparison to a stochastic model allows us to measure the coupling strength and temperature and hence a full characterization of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Betz
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU-Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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