1
|
Liang H, Jiao M, Huang Y, Yu P, Ye X, Wang Y, Xie Y, Cai YF, Rong X, Du J. New constraints on exotic spin-dependent interactions with an ensemble-NV-diamond magnetometer. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwac262. [PMID: 37266553 PMCID: PMC10232048 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory search of exotic interactions is crucial for exploring physics beyond the standard model. We report new experimental constraints on two exotic spin-dependent interactions at the micrometer scale based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. A thin layer of NV electronic spin ensembles is synthesized as the solid-state spin quantum sensor, and a lead sphere is taken as the interacting nucleon source. Our result establishes new bounds for two types of exotic spin interactions at the micrometer scale. For an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction, improved bounds are set within the force range from 5 to 500 μm. The upper limit of the corresponding coupling constant [Formula: see text] at 330 μm is more than 1000-fold more stringent than the previous constraint. For the P, T-violating scalar-pseudoscalar nucleon-electron interaction, improved constraints are established within the force range from 6 to 45 μm. The limit of the corresponding coupling constant [Formula: see text] is improved by more than one order of magnitude at 30 μm. This work demonstrates that a solid-state NV ensemble can be a powerful platform for probing exotic spin-dependent interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Man Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yue Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangyu Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yijin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Fu Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xing Rong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren X, Wang J, Luo R, Yin L, Ding J, Zeng G, Luo P. Search for an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction using a magnetic force microscope. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.032008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
3
|
Maison DE, Skripnikov LV, Oleynichenko AV, Zaitsevskii AV. Axion-mediated electron-electron interaction in ytterbium monohydroxide molecule. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224303. [PMID: 34241194 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The YbOH triatomic molecule can be efficiently used to measure the electron electric dipole moment, which violates time-reversal (T) and spatial parity (P) symmetries of fundamental interactions [Kozyryev and Hutzler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 133002 (2017)]. We study another mechanism of the T, P-violation in the YbOH molecule-the electron-electron interaction mediated by the low-mass axionlike particle. For this, we calculate the molecular constant that characterizes this interaction and use it to estimate the expected magnitude of the effect to be measured. It is shown that this molecular constant has the same order of magnitude as the corresponding molecular constant corresponding to the axion-mediated electron-nucleus interaction. According to our estimation, an experiment on YbOH will allow one to set updated laboratory constraints on the CP-violating electron-axion coupling constants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D E Maison
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha, Leningrad region, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - L V Skripnikov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha, Leningrad region, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - A V Oleynichenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha, Leningrad region, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - A V Zaitsevskii
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha, Leningrad region, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chaubey A, Jaiswal MK, Ganguly AK. Exploring scalar-photon interactions in energetic astrophysical events. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.123029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
5
|
Ding J, Wang J, Zhou X, Liu Y, Sun K, Adeyeye AO, Fu H, Ren X, Li S, Luo P, Lan Z, Yang S, Luo J. Constraints on the Velocity and Spin Dependent Exotic Interaction at the Micrometer Range. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:161801. [PMID: 32383957 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.161801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an experimental test of the velocity and spin dependent exotic interaction that can be mediated by new light bosons. The interaction is searched by measuring the force between a gold sphere and a microfabricated magnetic structure using a cantilever. The magnetic structure consists of stripes with antiparallel electron spin polarization so that the exotic interaction between the polarized electrons in the magnetic structure and the unpolarized nucleons in the gold sphere varies periodically, which helps to suppress the spurious background signals. The experiment sets the strongest laboratory constraints on the coupling constant between electrons and nucleons at the micrometer range with f_{⊥}<5.3×10^{-8} at λ=5 μm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ke Sun
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Adekunle Olusola Adeyeye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Huixing Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaofang Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sumin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengshun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhongwen Lan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Shanqing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- TIANQIN Research Center for Gravitational Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- TIANQIN Research Center for Gravitational Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim YJ, Chu PH, Savukov I, Newman S. Experimental limit on an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction using an optically polarized vapor. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2245. [PMID: 31113943 PMCID: PMC6529407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exotic spin-dependent interactions between fermions have recently attracted attention in relation to theories beyond the Standard Model. The exotic interactions can be mediated by hypothetical fundamental bosons which may explain several unsolved mysteries in physics. Here we expand this area of research by probing an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction between the axial-vector electron coupling and the vector nucleon coupling for polarized electrons. This experiment utilizes a high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer, based on an optically polarized vapor that is a source of polarized electrons, and a solid-state mass containing unpolarized nucleons. The atomic magnetometer can detect an effective magnetic field induced by the exotic interaction between unpolarized nucleons and polarized electrons. We set an experimental limit on the electron-nucleon coupling \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$g_{\mathrm{A}}^{\mathrm{e}}g_{\mathrm{V}}^{\mathrm{N}} \, < \, 10^{ - 30}$$\end{document}gAegVN<10-30 at the mediator boson mass below 10−4 eV, significantly improving the current limit by up to 17 orders of magnitude. Symmetry breaking is an important process in fundamental understanding of matter and dark matter. Here the authors discuss an experimental bound on an exotic parity odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction between electron and nucleon by using a sensitive spin-exchange relaxation-free atomic magnetometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Kim
- P-21, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS-D454, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Ping-Han Chu
- P-21, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS-D454, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Igor Savukov
- P-21, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS-D454, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Shaun Newman
- P-21, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS-D454, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim YJ, Chu PH, Savukov I. Experimental Constraint on an Exotic Spin- and Velocity-Dependent Interaction in the Sub-meV Range of Axion Mass with a Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free Magnetometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:091802. [PMID: 30230894 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a search for an exotic spin- and velocity-dependent interaction for polarized electrons with an experimental approach based on a high-sensitivity spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometer, which serves as both a source of polarized electrons and a magnetic-field sensor. The experiment aims to sensitively detect magnetic-fieldlike effects from the exotic interaction between the polarized electrons in a SERF vapor cell and unpolarized nucleons of a closely located solid-state mass. We report experimental results on the interaction with 82 h of data averaging, which sets an experimental limit on the coupling strength around 10^{-19} for the axion mass m_{a}≲10^{-3} eV, within the important axion window.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Ping-Han Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Igor Savukov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rong X, Wang M, Geng J, Qin X, Guo M, Jiao M, Xie Y, Wang P, Huang P, Shi F, Cai YF, Zou C, Du J. Searching for an exotic spin-dependent interaction with a single electron-spin quantum sensor. Nat Commun 2018; 9:739. [PMID: 29467417 PMCID: PMC5821819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for new particles beyond the standard model is crucial for understanding several fundamental conundrums in physics and astrophysics. Several hypothetical particles can mediate exotic spin-dependent interactions between ordinary fermions, which enable laboratory searches via the detection of the interactions. Most laboratory searches utilize a macroscopic source and detector, thus allowing the detection of interactions with submillimeter force range and above. It remains a challenge to detect the interactions at shorter force ranges. Here we propose and demonstrate that a near-surface nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond can be utilized as a quantum sensor to detect the monopole-dipole interaction between an electron spin and nucleons. Our result sets a constraint for the electron-nucleon coupling, [Formula: see text], with the force range 0.1-23 μm. The obtained upper bound of the coupling at 20 μm is [Formula: see text] < 6.24 × 10-15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Rong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jianpei Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xi Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Maosen Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Man Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yijin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Pu Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Fazhan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yi-Fu Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chongwen Zou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei, 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stadnik YV, Dzuba VA, Flambaum VV. Improved Limits on Axionlike-Particle-Mediated P, T-Violating Interactions between Electrons and Nucleons from Electric Dipole Moments of Atoms and Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:013202. [PMID: 29350966 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.013202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of P, T-violating interactions, the exchange of axionlike particles between electrons and nucleons in atoms and molecules induces electric dipole moments (EDMs) of atoms and molecules. We perform calculations of such axion-exchange-induced atomic EDMs using the relativistic Hartree-Fock-Dirac method including electron core polarization corrections. We present analytical estimates to explain the dependence of these induced atomic EDMs on the axion mass and atomic parameters. From the experimental bounds on the EDMs of atoms and molecules, including ^{133}Cs, ^{205}Tl, ^{129}Xe, ^{199}Hg, ^{171}Yb^{19}F, ^{180}Hf^{19}F^{+}, and ^{232}Th^{16}O, we constrain the P, T-violating scalar-pseudoscalar nucleon-electron and electron-electron interactions mediated by a generic axionlike particle of arbitrary mass. Our limits improve on existing laboratory bounds from other experiments by many orders of magnitude for m_{a}≳10^{-2} eV. We also place constraints on CP violation in certain types of relaxion models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y V Stadnik
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Terrano WA, Adelberger EG, Lee JG, Heckel BR. Short-Range, Spin-Dependent Interactions of Electrons: A Probe for Exotic Pseudo-Goldstone Bosons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:201801. [PMID: 26613430 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.201801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We used a torsion pendulum and rotating attractor with 20-pole electron-spin distributions to probe dipole-dipole interactions mediated by exotic pseudo-Goldstone bosons with m(b)c(2)≤500 μeV and coupling strengths up to 14 orders of magnitude weaker than electromagnetism. This corresponds to symmetry-breaking scales F≤70 TeV, the highest reached in any laboratory experiment. We used an attractor with a 20-pole unpolarized mass distribution to improve laboratory bounds on CP-violating monopole-dipole forces with 1.5 μeV<m(b)c(2)<400 μeV by up to a factor of 1000.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Terrano
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Box 354290, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-4290, USA
| | - E G Adelberger
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Box 354290, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-4290, USA
| | - J G Lee
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Box 354290, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-4290, USA
| | - B R Heckel
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Box 354290, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-4290, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Heckel BR, Terrano WA, Adelberger EG. Limits on exotic long-range spin-spin interactions of electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:151802. [PMID: 24160591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.151802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We surrounded a rotating torsion pendulum containing 9.8×10(22) polarized electrons by 2 or 4 stationary sources, each with a net spin of 6.0×10(24) polarized electrons. Multiple source configurations gave sensitivity to hypothetical dipole-dipole, spin-dot-spin, and spin-cross-spin exchange interactions mediated by bosons with masses up to 20 μeV. For bosons with masses ≤0.1 μeV our null results for the dipole-dipole, spin-dot-spin, and spin-cross-spin forces imply 1σ upper limits on (g(P)(e))(2)/(ħc), (g(A)(e))(2)/(ħc) and (g(V)(e)g(A)(e))/(ħc) of 2.2×10(-16), 3.8×10(-40), and 1.2×10(-28), respectively. We also constrain, for the first time, any possible linear combination of static spin-spin interactions. In this case our upper limits relax to 5.6×10(-16), 9.8×10(-40), and 1.2×10(-28), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Heckel
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Box 354290, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-4290, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tullney K, Allmendinger F, Burghoff M, Heil W, Karpuk S, Kilian W, Knappe-Grüneberg S, Müller W, Schmidt U, Schnabel A, Seifert F, Sobolev Y, Trahms L. Constraints on spin-dependent short-range interaction between nucleons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:100801. [PMID: 25166647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We search for a spin-dependent P- and T-violating nucleon-nucleon interaction mediated by light pseudoscalar bosons such as axions or axionlike particles. We employ an ultrasensitive low-field magnetometer based on the detection of free precession of colocated 3He and 129Xe nuclear spins using SQUIDs as low-noise magnetic flux detectors. The precession frequency shift in the presence of an unpolarized mass was measured to determine the coupling of pseudoscalar particles to the spin of the bound neutron. For boson masses between 2 and 500 μeV (force ranges between 3×1(-4) m and 10(-1) m) we improved the laboratory upper bounds by up to 4 orders of magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Tullney
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Allmendinger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Burghoff
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Heil
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Karpuk
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Kilian
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - W Müller
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - U Schmidt
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Schnabel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Seifert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Sobolev
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Trahms
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bulatowicz M, Griffith R, Larsen M, Mirijanian J, Fu CB, Smith E, Snow WM, Yan H, Walker TG. Laboratory search for a long-range T-odd, P-odd interaction from axionlike particles using dual-species nuclear magnetic resonance with polarized 129Xe and 131Xe gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:102001. [PMID: 25166656 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Various theories beyond the standard model predict new particles with masses in the sub-eV range with very weak couplings to ordinary matter. A new P-odd and T-odd interaction between polarized and unpolarized nucleons proportional to K·r is one such possibility, where r is the distance between the nucleons and K is the spin of the polarized nucleon. Such an interaction involving a scalar coupling gs at one vertex and a pseudoscalar coupling gp at the polarized nucleon vertex can be induced by the exchange of spin-0 bosons. We used the NMR cell test station at Northrop Grumman Corporation to search for NMR frequency shifts in polarized 129Xe and 131Xe when a nonmagnetic zirconia rod is moved near the NMR cell. Long (T2∼20 s) spin-relaxation times allow precision measurements of the NMR frequency ratios, which are insensitive to magnetic field fluctuations. Combined with existing theoretical calculations of the neutron spin contribution to the nuclear angular momentum in xenon nuclei, the measurements improve the laboratory upper bound on the product gsgp(n) by 2 orders of magnitude for distances near 1 mm. The sensitivity of this technique can be increased by at least two more orders of magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bulatowicz
- Northrop Grumman Corporation, Woodland Hills, California 91367, USA
| | - R Griffith
- Northrop Grumman Corporation, Woodland Hills, California 91367, USA
| | - M Larsen
- Northrop Grumman Corporation, Woodland Hills, California 91367, USA
| | - J Mirijanian
- Northrop Grumman Corporation, Woodland Hills, California 91367, USA
| | - C B Fu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA and Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - E Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA and Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - W M Snow
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA and Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - H Yan
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA and Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - T G Walker
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barron LD. True and false chirality and absolute enantioselection. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-013-0224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Ledbetter MP, Romalis MV, Kimball DFJ. Constraints on short-range spin-dependent interactions from scalar spin-spin coupling in deuterated molecular hydrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:040402. [PMID: 25166140 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comparison between existing nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and calculations of the scalar spin-spin interaction (J coupling) in deuterated molecular hydrogen yields stringent constraints on anomalous spin-dependent potentials between nucleons at the atomic scale (∼ 1 Å). The dimensionless coupling constant g(P)(p)g(P)(N)/4 π associated with the exchange of pseudoscalar (axionlike) bosons between nucleons is constrained to be less than 3.6 × 10(-7) for boson masses in the range of 5 keV, representing improvement by a factor of 100 over previous constraints. The dimensionless coupling constant g(A)(p)g(A)(N)/4 π associated with the exchange of an axial-vector boson between nucleons is constrained to be g(A)(p)g(A)(N)/4 π<1.3 × 10(-19) for bosons of mass ≲ 1000 eV, improving constraints at this distance scale by a factor of 100 for proton-proton couplings and more than 8 orders of magnitude for neutron-proton couplings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Ledbetter
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - M V Romalis
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - D F Jackson Kimball
- Department of Physics, California State UniversityEast Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Barron LD. Cosmic Chirality both True and False. Chirality 2012; 24:957-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|