1
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Serwatka T, Roy PN. Quantum criticality in chains of planar rotors with dipolar interactions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:104302. [PMID: 38465677 DOI: 10.1063/5.0195453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we perform a density matrix renormalization group study of chains of planar rotors interacting via dipolar interactions. By exploring the ground state from weakly to strongly interacting rotors, we find the occurrence of a quantum phase transition between a disordered and a dipole-ordered quantum state. We show that the nature of the ordered state changes from ferroelectric to antiferroelectric when the relative orientation of the rotor planes varies and that this change requires no modification of the overall symmetry. The observed quantum phase transitions are characterized by critical exponents and central charges, which reveal different universality classes ranging from that of the (1 + 1)D Ising model to the 2D classical XY model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Serwatka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pierre-Nicholas Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Cardman R, Raithel G. Driving Alkali Rydberg Transitions with a Phase-Modulated Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:023201. [PMID: 37505947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.023201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We develop and demonstrate a spectroscopic method for Rydberg-Rydberg transitions using a phase-controlled and -modulated, standing-wave laser field focused on a cloud of cold ^{85}Rb Rydberg atoms. The method is based on the ponderomotive (A^{2}) interaction of the Rydberg electron, which has less-restrictive selection rules than electric-dipole couplings, allowing us to probe both nS_{1/2}→nP_{1/2} and nS_{1/2}→(n+1)S_{1/2} transitions in first order. Without increase in laser power, third- and fourth-order subharmonic drives are employed to access Rydberg transitions in the 40 to 70 GHz frequency range using widely available optical phase modulators in the Ku band (12 to 18 GHz). Measurements agree well with simulations based on the model we develop. The spectra have prominent Doppler-free components with linewidths ≲200 kHz. The method paves the way for optical Doppler-free high-precision spectroscopy of Rydberg-Rydberg transitions and for spatially selective qubit manipulation with μm-scale resolution in Rydberg-based simulators and quantum computers, provided that magic states are chosen and that the atoms are sufficiently cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cardman
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Raithel
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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3
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Dynamic Polarizability of the 85Rb 5D3/2-State in 1064 nm Light. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a measurement of the dynamic (ac) scalar polarizability of the 5D3/2 state in 85Rb atoms at a laser wavelength of 1064 nm. Contrary to a recent measurement in Phys. Rev. A 104, 063304 (2021), the experiments are performed in a low-intensity regime in which the ac shift is less than the 5D3/2 state’s hyperfine structure, as utilized in numerous experiments with cold, trapped atoms. The extracted ac polarizability is α5D3/2=−499±59 a.u., within the uncertainty of the aforementioned previous result. The calibration of the 1064 nm light intensity, performed by analyzing light shifts of the D1 line, is the main source of uncertainty. Our results are useful for applications of the Rb 5D3/2 state in metrology, quantum sensing, and fundamental-physics research on Rydberg atoms and molecules.
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4
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Weng M, Tian T, Wang Z. Vibration induced transparency: Simulating an optomechanical system via the cavity QED setup with a movable atom. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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5
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Experimental Realization of Reconfigurable Photonic Lattices in Coherent Rydberg Atomic Vapors. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9060422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated the formation of a one-dimensional electromagnetically induced optical lattice in coherently prepared three-level 85Rb Rydberg atomic vapors with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The one-dimensional photonic lattice was optically induced by a coupling field with a spatially periodical intensity distribution deriving from the interference of two strong Gaussian beams from the same laser source (~480 nm). Under the Rydberg-EIT condition, the incident weak probe beam can feel a tunable spatially modulated susceptibility, which is verified by the controllable discrete diffraction pattern observed at the output plane of the vapor cell. This investigation not only opens the door for experimentally introducing the strong interaction between Rydberg atoms to govern the beam dynamics in photonic lattices based on atomic coherence but also provides an easily accessible periodic environment for exploring Rydberg-atom physics and related applications.
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6
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Few generalized entropic relations related to Rydberg atoms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7496. [PMID: 35523799 PMCID: PMC9076694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We calculate the analytical and numerical values of the position space Shannon entropy, momentum space Shannon entropy, and total Shannon entropy, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively, of free and trapped Rydberg hydrogen-like atoms. The influence of atomic number Z, the principal quantum number n, and energy E on the Shannon entropy of the Rydberg atoms are illustrated. The scaling properties of Shannon entropy with energy of states E and the principal quantum number n have been reported for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Our work explains how Shannon entropy indicates localization-delocalization of the wavefunction. The total Shannon entropy as a measure of the number of nodes in the trapped Rydberg atom's wavefunction is also discussed. We show why an uncertainty relation based on Shannon entropy is superior to Heisenberg uncertainty for Rydberg atoms.
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7
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Angle-Dependent Magic Optical Trap for the 6S1/2↔nP3/2 Rydberg Transition of Cesium Atoms. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The existence of an anisotropic tensor part of atomic states with an angular momentum greater than 1/2 causes their dynamic polarizabilities to be very sensitive to the polarization direction of the laser field. Therefore, the magic wavelength of the transition between two atomic states also depends on the polarization angle between the quantized axis and the polarization vector. We perform a calculation of the magic conditions of the 6S1/2↔nP3/2 (n = 50–90) Rydberg transition of cesium atoms by introducing an auxiliary electric diople transition connected to the target Rydberg state and a low-excited state. The magic condition is determined by the intersection of dynamic polarizabilities of the 6S1/2 ground state and the nP3/2 Rydberg state. The dynamic polarizability is calculated by using the sum-over-states method. Furthermore, we analyze the dependence of magic detuning on the polarization angle for a linearly polarized trapping laser and establish the relationship between magic detuning and a principal quantum number of the Rydberg state at the magic angle. The magic optical dipole trap can confine the ground-state and Rydberg-state atoms simultaneously, and the differential light shift in the 6S1/2↔nP3/2 transition can be canceled under the magic condition. It is of great significance for the application of long-lifetime high-repetition-rate accurate manipulation of Rydberg atoms on high-fidelity entanglement and quantum logic gate operation.
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8
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Wilson JT, Saskin S, Meng Y, Ma S, Dilip R, Burgers AP, Thompson JD. Trapping Alkaline Earth Rydberg Atoms Optical Tweezer Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:033201. [PMID: 35119888 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.033201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neutral atom qubits with Rydberg-mediated interactions are a leading platform for developing large-scale coherent quantum systems. In the majority of experiments to date, the Rydberg states are not trapped by the same potential that confines ground state atoms, resulting in atom loss and constraints on the achievable interaction time. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the Rydberg states of an alkaline earth atom, ytterbium, can be stably trapped by the same red-detuned optical tweezer that also confines the ground state, by leveraging the polarizability of the Yb^{+} ion core. Using the previously unobserved ^{3}S_{1} series, we demonstrate trapped Rydberg atom lifetimes exceeding 100 μs, and observe no evidence of auto- or photoionization from the trap light for these states. We measure a coherence time of T_{2}=59 μs between two Rydberg levels, exceeding the 28 μs lifetime of untrapped Rydberg atoms under the same conditions. These results are promising for extending the interaction time of Rydberg atom arrays for quantum simulation and computing, and are vital to capitalize on the extended Rydberg lifetimes in circular states or cryogenic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Wilson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - S Saskin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Y Meng
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien, Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Ma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - R Dilip
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - A P Burgers
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - J D Thompson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
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9
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Abstract
We consider the redistribution of the Rydberg state population resulting from multistep cascade transitions induced by radiation with a continuous spectrum. The population distribution is analyzed within the space of quantum numbers n and l. The dynamics of the system are studied using both the numerical solution of kinetic equations and the diffusion approximation based on the Fokker–Planck equation. The main path of the redistribution process is determined.
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10
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Carollo F, Gambetta FM, Brandner K, Garrahan JP, Lesanovsky I. Nonequilibrium Quantum Many-Body Rydberg Atom Engine. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:170602. [PMID: 32412298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.170602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The standard approach to quantum engines is based on equilibrium systems and on thermodynamic transformations between Gibbs states. However, nonequilibrium quantum systems offer enhanced experimental flexibility in the control of their parameters and, if used as engines, a more direct interpretation of the type of work they deliver. Here we introduce an out-of-equilibrium quantum engine inspired by recent experiments with cold atoms. Our system is connected to a single environment and produces mechanical work from many-body interparticle interactions arising between atoms in highly excited Rydberg states. As such, it is not a heat engine but an isothermal one. We perform many-body simulations to show that this system can produce work. The setup we introduce and investigate represents a promising platform for devising new types of microscopic machines and for exploring quantum effects in thermodynamic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carollo
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo M Gambetta
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Brandner
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Juan P Garrahan
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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11
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Cortiñas RG, Favier M, Ravon B, Méhaignerie P, Machu Y, Raimond JM, Sayrin C, Brune M. Laser Trapping of Circular Rydberg Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:123201. [PMID: 32281867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rydberg atoms are remarkable tools for quantum simulation and computation. They are the focus of an intense experimental activity, mainly based on low-angular-momentum Rydberg states. Unfortunately, atomic motion and levels lifetime limit the experimental timescale to about 100 μs. Here, we demonstrate two-dimensional laser trapping of long-lived circular Rydberg states for up to 10 ms. Our method is very general and opens many opportunities for quantum technologies with Rydberg atoms. The 10 ms trapping time corresponds to thousands of interaction cycles in a circular-state-based quantum simulator. It is also promising for quantum metrology and quantum information with Rydberg atoms, by bringing atom-field interaction times into unprecedented regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Cortiñas
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - M Favier
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - B Ravon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - P Méhaignerie
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Y Machu
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - J M Raimond
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - C Sayrin
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - M Brune
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
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12
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Barredo D, Lienhard V, Scholl P, de Léséleuc S, Boulier T, Browaeys A, Lahaye T. Three-Dimensional Trapping of Individual Rydberg Atoms in Ponderomotive Bottle Beam Traps. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:023201. [PMID: 32004042 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.023201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate three-dimensional trapping of individual Rydberg atoms in holographic optical bottle beam traps. Starting with cold, ground-state ^{87}Rb atoms held in standard optical tweezers, we excite them to nS_{1/2}, nP_{1/2}, or nD_{3/2} Rydberg states and transfer them to a hollow trap at 850 nm. For principal quantum numbers 60≤n≤90, the measured trapping time coincides with the Rydberg state lifetime in a 300 K environment. We show that these traps are compatible with quantum information and simulation tasks by performing single qubit microwave Rabi flopping, as well as by measuring the interaction-induced, coherent spin-exchange dynamics between two trapped Rydberg atoms separated by 40 μm. These results will find applications in the realization of high-fidelity quantum simulations and quantum logic operations with Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barredo
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - V Lienhard
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - P Scholl
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - S de Léséleuc
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - T Boulier
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Browaeys
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - T Lahaye
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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13
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Kleinbach KS, Engel F, Dieterle T, Löw R, Pfau T, Meinert F. Ionic Impurity in a Bose-Einstein Condensate at Submicrokelvin Temperatures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:193401. [PMID: 29799221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.193401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rydberg atoms immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate interact with the quantum gas via electron-atom and ion-atom interaction. To suppress the typically dominant electron-neutral interaction, Rydberg states with a principal quantum number up to n=190 are excited from a dense and tightly trapped micron-sized condensate. This allows us to explore a regime where the Rydberg orbit exceeds the size of the atomic sample by far. In this case, a detailed line shape analysis of the Rydberg excitation spectrum provides clear evidence for ion-atom interaction at temperatures well below a microkelvin. Our results may open up ways to enter the quantum regime of ion-atom scattering for the exploration of charged quantum impurities and associated polaron physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kleinbach
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Engel
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Dieterle
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R Löw
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Meinert
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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14
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Ahlefeldt RL, Hush MR, Sellars MJ. Ultranarrow Optical Inhomogeneous Linewidth in a Stoichiometric Rare-Earth Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:250504. [PMID: 28036212 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.250504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We obtain a low optical inhomogeneous linewidth of 25 MHz in the stoichiometric rare-earth crystal EuCl_{3}·6H_{2}O by isotopically purifying the crystal in ^{35}Cl. With this linewidth, an important limit for stoichiometric rare-earth crystals is surpassed: the hyperfine structure of ^{153}Eu is spectrally resolved, allowing the whole population of ^{153}Eu^{3+} ions to be prepared in the same hyperfine state using hole-burning techniques. This material also has a very high optical density, and can have long coherence times when deuterated. This combination of properties offers new prospects for quantum information applications. We consider two of these: quantum memories and quantum many-body studies. We detail the improvements in the performance of current memory protocols possible in these high optical depth crystals, and describe how certain memory protocols, such as off-resonant Raman memories, can be implemented for the first time in a solid-state system. We explain how the strong excitation-induced interactions observed in this material resemble those seen in Rydberg systems, and describe how these interactions can lead to quantum many-body states that could be observed using standard optical spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Ahlefeldt
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - M R Hush
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra 2600, Australia
| | - M J Sellars
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
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15
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Hogan SD. Rydberg-Stark deceleration of atoms and molecules. EPJ TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016; 3:2. [PMID: 32355605 PMCID: PMC7175735 DOI: 10.1140/epjti/s40485-015-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The large electric dipole moments associated with highly excited Rydberg states of atoms and molecules make gas-phase samples in these states very well suited to deceleration and trapping using inhomogeneous electric fields. The methods of Rydberg-Stark deceleration with which this can be achieved are reviewed here. Using these techniques, the longitudinal motion of beams of atoms and molecules moving at speeds as high as 2500 m/s have been manipulated, with changes in kinetic energy of up to |Δ E kin|=1.3×10-20 J (|Δ E kin|/e=80 meV or |Δ E kin|/h c=650 cm -1) achieved, while decelerated and trapped samples with number densities of 106- 107 cm -3 and translational temperatures of ∼150 mK have been prepared. Applications of these samples in areas of research at the interface between physics and physical chemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. Hogan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
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16
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Lan Z, Minář J, Levi E, Li W, Lesanovsky I. Emergent Devil's Staircase without Particle-Hole Symmetry in Rydberg Quantum Gases with Competing Attractive and Repulsive Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:203001. [PMID: 26613435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.203001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The devil's staircase is a fractal structure that characterizes the ground state of one-dimensional classical lattice gases with long-range repulsive convex interactions. Its plateaus mark regions of stability for specific filling fractions which are controlled by a chemical potential. Typically, such a staircase has an explicit particle-hole symmetry; i.e., the staircase at more than half filling can be trivially extracted from the one at less than half filling by exchanging the roles of holes and particles. Here, we introduce a quantum spin chain with competing short-range attractive and long-range repulsive interactions, i.e., a nonconvex potential. In the classical limit the ground state features generalized Wigner crystals that--depending on the filling fraction--are composed of either dimer particles or dimer holes, which results in an emergent complete devil's staircase without explicit particle-hole symmetry of the underlying microscopic model. In our system the particle-hole symmetry is lifted due to the fact that the staircase is controlled through a two-body interaction rather than a one-body chemical potential. The introduction of quantum fluctuations through a transverse field melts the staircase and ultimately makes the system enter a paramagnetic phase. For intermediate transverse field strengths, however, we identify a region where the density-density correlations suggest the emergence of quasi-long-range order. We discuss how this physics can be explored with Rydberg-dressed atoms held in a lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Lan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jiří Minář
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Levi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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17
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Moore KR, Raithel G. Probe of Rydberg-Atom Transitions via an Amplitude-Modulated Optical Standing Wave with a Ponderomotive Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:163003. [PMID: 26550873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.163003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In ponderomotive spectroscopy an amplitude-modulated optical standing wave is employed to probe Rydberg-atom transitions, utilizing a ponderomotive rather than a dipole-field interaction. Here, we engage nonlinearities in the modulation to drive dipole-forbidden transitions up to the fifth order. We reach transition frequencies approaching the sub-THz regime. We also demonstrate magic-wavelength conditions, which result in symmetric spectral lines with a Fourier-limited peak at the line center. Applicability to precision measurement is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Moore
- Applied Physics Program and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Raithel
- Applied Physics Program and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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18
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Moore KR, Anderson SE, Raithel G. Forbidden atomic transitions driven by an intensity-modulated laser trap. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6090. [PMID: 25600089 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopy is an essential tool in understanding and manipulating quantum systems, such as atoms and molecules. The model describing spectroscopy includes the multipole-field interaction, which leads to established spectroscopic selection rules, and an interaction that is quadratic in the field, which is not often employed. However, spectroscopy using the quadratic (ponderomotive) interaction promises two significant advantages over spectroscopy using the multipole-field interaction: flexible transition rules and vastly improved spatial addressability of the quantum system. Here we demonstrate ponderomotive spectroscopy by using optical-lattice-trapped Rydberg atoms, pulsating the lattice light and driving a microwave atomic transition that would otherwise be forbidden by established spectroscopic selection rules. This ability to measure frequencies of previously inaccessible transitions makes possible improved determinations of atomic characteristics and constants underlying physics. The spatial resolution of ponderomotive spectroscopy is orders of magnitude better than the transition frequency would suggest, promising single-site addressability in dense particle arrays for quantum computing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin R Moore
- Department of Physics and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E Anderson
- Department of Physics and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Georg Raithel
- Department of Physics and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Gil LIR, Mukherjee R, Bridge EM, Jones MPA, Pohl T. Spin squeezing in a Rydberg lattice clock. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:103601. [PMID: 24679291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate a viable approach to spin squeezing in optical lattice clocks via optical dressing of one clock state to a highly excited Rydberg state, generating switchable atomic interactions. For realistic experimental parameters, these interactions are shown to generate over 10 dB of squeezing in large ensembles within a few microseconds and without degrading the subsequent clock interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I R Gil
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Mukherjee
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - E M Bridge
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - M P A Jones
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - T Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Anderson SE, Raithel G. Ionization of Rydberg atoms by standing-wave light fields. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2967. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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21
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Yu Y, Park H, Gallagher TF. Microwave transitions in pairs of Rb Rydberg atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:173001. [PMID: 24206483 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have observed microwave transitions between pairs of cold Rb atoms, specifically, transitions between the molecular nd(5/2)nd(5/2) and (n+1)d(j)(n-2)f states for 41≤n≤44. (We use the separated atom limits as labels.) The transition is allowed because the dipole-dipole induced configuration interaction between the nd(5/2)nd(5/2) state and the energetically close (n+2)p(3/2)(n-2)f state leads to an admixture of the latter into the former. Such transitions may provide a way of selecting closely spaced pairs of atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yu
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-0714, USA
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22
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Li L, Dudin YO, Kuzmich A. Entanglement between light and an optical atomic excitation. Nature 2013; 498:466-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Olmos B, Yu D, Singh Y, Schreck F, Bongs K, Lesanovsky I. Long-range interacting many-body systems with alkaline-earth-metal atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:143602. [PMID: 25166986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline-earth-metal atoms can exhibit long-range dipolar interactions, which are generated via the coherent exchange of photons on the (3)P(0) - (3)D(1) transition of the triplet manifold. In the case of bosonic strontium, which we discuss here, this transition has a wavelength of 2.6 μm and a dipole moment of 4.03 D, and there exists a magic wavelength permitting the creation of optical lattices that are identical for the states (3)P(0) and (3)D(1). This interaction enables the realization and study of mixtures of hard-core lattice bosons featuring long-range hopping, with tunable disorder and anisotropy. We derive the many-body master equation, investigate the dynamics of excitation transport, and analyze spectroscopic signatures stemming from coherent long-range interactions and collective dissipation. Our results show that lattice gases of alkaline-earth-metal atoms permit the creation of long-lived collective atomic states and constitute a simple and versatile platform for the exploration of many-body systems with long-range interactions. As such, they represent an alternative to current related efforts employing Rydberg gases, atoms with large magnetic moment, or polar molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olmos
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D Yu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Y Singh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Schreck
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bongs
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - I Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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24
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Zhang XF, Sun Q, Wen YC, Liu WM, Eggert S, Ji AC. Rydberg polaritons in a cavity: a superradiant solid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:090402. [PMID: 23496692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.090402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study an optical cavity coupled to a lattice of Rydberg atoms, which can be represented by a generalized Dicke model. We show that the competition between the atom-atom interaction and atom-light coupling induces a rich phase diagram. A novel superradiant solid (SRS) phase is found, where both the superradiance and crystalline orders coexist. Different from the normal second order superradiance transition, here both the solid-1/2 and SRS to SR phase transitions are first order. These results are confirmed by large scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhang
- Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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25
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Shi T, Zou SH, Hu H, Sun CP, Yi S. Ultracold fermi gases with resonant dipole-dipole interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:045301. [PMID: 25166174 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The superfluid phases in resonant dipolar Fermi gases are investigated by the standard mean-field theory. In contrast to the crossover from Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid in Fermi gases with isotropic interactions, resonant dipolar interaction leads to two completely different BEC phases of the tight-binding Fermi molecules on both sides of the resonance, which are characterized by two order parameters with distinct internal symmetries. We point out that, near the resonances, the two competitive phases can coexist, and an emergent relative phase between the two order parameters spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry, which could be observed in momentum resolved rf spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S-H Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Hu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics, Centre for Atom Optics and Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia
| | - C-P Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China and Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
| | - S Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China
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Anderson SE, Raithel G. Dependence of Rydberg-atom optical lattices on the angular wave function. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:023001. [PMID: 23030156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dependence of optical-lattice trapping potentials for Rydberg atoms on the angular portion of the atomic wave function. While ground-state atoms are pointlike in relation to an optical-lattice field, Rydberg-atom wave functions extend over a substantial fraction of the lattice period, which leads to a dependence of the lattice trapping potential on the angular portion of the spatial wave function. The angular dependence of the potential is measured using various (j, m(j)) levels of 85Rb Rydberg nD states (50≤n≤65) prepared in a one-dimensional optical lattice (wavelength 1064 nm) and a transverse dc electric field. The measured optical-lattice depths are found to be in agreement with theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Anderson
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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