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Azoury D, Krüger M, Bruner BD, Smirnova O, Dudovich N. Direct measurement of Coulomb-laser coupling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:495. [PMID: 33436698 PMCID: PMC7803985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coulomb interaction between a photoelectron and its parent ion plays an important role in a large range of light-matter interactions. In this paper we obtain a direct insight into the Coulomb interaction and resolve, for the first time, the phase accumulated by the laser-driven electron as it interacts with the Coulomb potential. Applying extreme-ultraviolet interferometry enables us to resolve this phase with attosecond precision over a large energy range. Our findings identify a strong laser-Coulomb coupling, going beyond the standard recollision picture within the strong-field framework. Transformation of the results to the time domain reveals Coulomb-induced delays of the electrons along their trajectories, which vary by tens of attoseconds with the laser field intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Azoury
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael Krüger
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,Department of Physics and Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Barry D Bruner
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Olga Smirnova
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Ruska-Gebäude, Hardenbergstraße 36A, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nirit Dudovich
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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2
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Amini K, Biegert J, Calegari F, Chacón A, Ciappina MF, Dauphin A, Efimov DK, Figueira de Morisson Faria C, Giergiel K, Gniewek P, Landsman AS, Lesiuk M, Mandrysz M, Maxwell AS, Moszyński R, Ortmann L, Antonio Pérez-Hernández J, Picón A, Pisanty E, Prauzner-Bechcicki J, Sacha K, Suárez N, Zaïr A, Zakrzewski J, Lewenstein M. Symphony on strong field approximation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:116001. [PMID: 31226696 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab2bb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper has been prepared by the Symphony collaboration (University of Warsaw, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, DESY/CNR and ICFO) on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the 'simple man's models' which underlie most of the phenomena that occur when intense ultrashort laser pulses interact with matter. The phenomena in question include high-harmonic generation (HHG), above-threshold ionization (ATI), and non-sequential multielectron ionization (NSMI). 'Simple man's models' provide both an intuitive basis for understanding the numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the motivation for the powerful analytic approximations generally known as the strong field approximation (SFA). In this paper we first review the SFA in the form developed by us in the last 25 years. In this approach the SFA is a method to solve the TDSE, in which the non-perturbative interactions are described by including continuum-continuum interactions in a systematic perturbation-like theory. In this review we focus on recent applications of the SFA to HHG, ATI and NSMI from multi-electron atoms and from multi-atom molecules. The main novel part of the presented theory concerns generalizations of the SFA to: (i) time-dependent treatment of two-electron atoms, allowing for studies of an interplay between electron impact ionization and resonant excitation with subsequent ionization; (ii) time-dependent treatment in the single active electron approximation of 'large' molecules and targets which are themselves undergoing dynamics during the HHG or ATI processes. In particular, we formulate the general expressions for the case of arbitrary molecules, combining input from quantum chemistry and quantum dynamics. We formulate also theory of time-dependent separable molecular potentials to model analytically the dynamics of realistic electronic wave packets for molecules in strong laser fields. We dedicate this work to the memory of Bertrand Carré, who passed away in March 2018 at the age of 60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Amini
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland. ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
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3
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Unravelling the dynamical origin of below- and near-threshold harmonic generation of H 2+ in an intense NIR laser field. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37774. [PMID: 27883061 PMCID: PMC5121898 DOI: 10.1038/srep37774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the study of near- and below- threshold regime harmonics as a potential source of intense coherent vacuum-ultraviolet radiation has received considerable attention. However, the dynamical origin of these lower harmonics, particularly for the molecular systems, is less understood and largely unexplored. Here we perform the first fully ab initio and high precision 3D quantum study of the below- and near-threshold harmonic generation of molecules in an intense 800-nm near-infrared (NIR) laser field. Combining with a synchrosqueezing transform of the quantum time-frequency spectrum and an extended semiclassical analysis, we explore in-depth the roles of various quantum trajectories, including short- and long trajectories, multiphoton trajectories, resonance-enhanced trajectories, and multiple rescattering trajectories of the below- and near- threshold harmonic generation processes. Our results shed new light on the dynamical
origin of the below- and near-threshold harmonic generation and various quantum trajectories for diatomic molecules for the first time.
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4
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Li PC, Sheu YL, Laughlin C, Chu SI. Dynamical origin of near- and below-threshold harmonic generation of Cs in an intense mid-infrared laser field. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7178. [PMID: 25990452 PMCID: PMC4455065 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Near- and below-threshold harmonic generation provides a potential approach to generate vacuum-ultraviolet frequency comb. However, the dynamical origin of in these lower harmonics is less understood and largely unexplored. Here we perform an ab initio quantum study of the near- and below-threshold harmonic generation of caesium (Cs) atoms in an intense 3,600-nm mid-infrared laser field. Combining with a synchrosqueezing transform of the quantum time-frequency spectrum and an extended semiclassical analysis, the roles of multiphoton and multiple rescattering trajectories on the near- and below-threshold harmonic generation processes are clarified. We find that the multiphoton-dominated trajectories only involve the electrons scattered off the higher part of the combined atom-field potential followed by the absorption of many photons in near- and below-threshold regime. Furthermore, only the near-resonant below-threshold harmonic is exclusive to exhibit phase locked features. Our results shed light on the dynamic origin of the near- and below-threshold harmonic generation. High harmonic generation (HHG) above the HHG threshold is understood using the three-step model, but the near- and below-threshold regimes are largely unexplored. Here, Li et al. shed light on the dynamic origin of the near- and below-threshold harmonic generation of caesium atoms in an intense mid-infrared laser field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Li
- 1] Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan [2] College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China [3] Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Yae-Lin Sheu
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cecil Laughlin
- School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England
| | - Shih-I Chu
- 1] Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan [2] Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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5
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Kamor A, Chandre C, Uzer T, Mauger F. Recollision scenario without tunneling: role of the ionic core potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:133003. [PMID: 24745413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.133003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a purely classical recollision scenario, i.e., without tunneling, which, in contrast to the standard three-step model, takes into account the ionic core potential fully at all stages of the recollision process and is valid at all intensities. We find that a key periodic orbit drives the recollisions by guiding electrons away and back to the core. At sufficiently high intensity, we connect our scenario to the three-step model, and explain why the three-step model leads to good agreement with the cutoff in high harmonic generation despite neglecting the core potential after tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kamor
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA and Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Case 907, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - C Chandre
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Case 907, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - T Uzer
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA
| | - F Mauger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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6
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Jin Y, Li N, Liu H, Hua X, Zhang Q, Chen M, Teng F. Highly efficient degradation of dye pollutants by Ce-doped MoO3 catalyst at room temperature. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:12860-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01012d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel energy-saving degradation reaction for dye pollutants over Ce-doped MoO3 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Jin
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
| | - Na Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
| | - Haiqiu Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
| | - Xia Hua
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
| | - Mindong Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
| | - Fei Teng
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
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7
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Zhao J, Lein M. Determination of ionization and tunneling times in high-order harmonic generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:043901. [PMID: 23931368 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.043901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
From the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we obtain the times of ionization and return of the laser-driven electron in high-order harmonic generation by probing the dynamics with a second harmonic field polarized orthogonal to the fundamental field and observing the harmonic emission in dependence on the two-color delay. Our retrieval method using complex-time evolution gives ionization and return times in excellent agreement with the quantum-orbit model, while a retrieval based on real-time classical dynamics can introduce substantial errors. Because of the imaginary parts, the harmonic signal polarized along the probe field is nonzero for any two-color delay. The tunneling time can be retrieved under an assumption for the return time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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8
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Li M, Liu Y, Liu H, Ning Q, Fu L, Liu J, Deng Y, Wu C, Peng LY, Gong Q. Subcycle dynamics of Coulomb asymmetry in strong elliptical laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:023006. [PMID: 23889395 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.023006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We measure photoelectron angular distributions of noble gases in intense elliptically polarized laser fields, which indicate strong structure-dependent Coulomb asymmetry. Using a dedicated semiclassical model, we have disentangled the contribution of direct ionization and multiple forward scattering on Coulomb asymmetry in elliptical laser fields. Our theory quantifies the roles of the ionic potential and initial transverse momentum on Coulomb asymmetry, proving that the small lobes of asymmetry are induced by direct ionization and the strong asymmetry is induced by multiple forward scattering in the ionic potential. Both processes are distorted by the Coulomb force acting on the electrons after tunneling. Lowering the ionization potential, the relative contribution of direct ionization on Coulomb asymmetry substantially decreases and Coulomb focusing on multiple rescattering is more important. We do not observe evident initial longitudinal momentum spread at the tunnel exit according to our simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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9
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Shafir D, Soifer H, Vozzi C, Johnson AS, Hartung A, Dube Z, Villeneuve DM, Corkum PB, Dudovich N, Staudte A. Trajectory-resolved Coulomb focusing in tunnel ionization of atoms with intense, elliptically polarized laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:023005. [PMID: 23889394 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.023005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In strong-field light-matter interactions, the strong laser field dominates the dynamics. However, recent experiments indicate that the Coulomb force can play an important role as well. In this Letter, we have studied the photoelectron momentum distributions produced from noble gases in elliptically polarized, 800 nm laser light. By performing a complete mapping of the three-dimensional electron momentum, we find that Coulomb focusing significantly narrows the lateral momentum spread. We find a surprisingly sensitive dependence of Coulomb focusing on the initial transverse momentum distribution, i.e., the momentum at the moment of birth of the photoelectron. We also observe a strong signature of the low-energy structure in the above threshold ionization spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shafir
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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10
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Soifer H, Dagan M, Shafir D, Bruner BD, Ivanov MY, Serbinenko V, Barth I, Smirnova O, Dudovich N. Spatio-spectral analysis of ionization times in high-harmonic generation. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Li Y, Zhu X, Zhang Q, Qin M, Lu P. Quantum-orbit analysis for yield and ellipticity of high order harmonic generation with elliptically polarized laser field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:4896-4907. [PMID: 23482023 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.004896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We perform a quantum-orbit analysis for the dependence of high-order-harmonic yield on the driving field ellipticity and the polarization properties of the generated high harmonics. The electron trajectories responsible for the emission of particular harmonics are identified. It is found that, in elliptically polarized driving field, the electrons have ellipticity-dependent initial velocities, which lead to the decrease of the ionization rate. Thus the harmonic yield steeply decreases with laser ellipticity. Besides, we show that the polarization properties of the harmonics are related to the complex momenta of the electron. The physical origin of the harmonic ellipticity is interpreted as the consequence of quantum-mechanical uncertainty of the electron momentum. Our results are verified with the experimental results as well as the numerical solutions of the time dependent Schrödinger equation from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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12
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Ruf H, Handschin C, Cireasa R, Thiré N, Ferré A, Petit S, Descamps D, Mével E, Constant E, Blanchet V, Fabre B, Mairesse Y. Inhomogeneous high harmonic generation in krypton clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:083902. [PMID: 23473148 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.083902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High order harmonic generation from clusters is a controversial topic: conflicting theories exist, with different explanations for similar experimental observations. From an experimental point of view, separating the contributions from monomers and clusters is challenging. By performing a spectrally and spatially resolved study in a controlled mixture of clusters and monomers, we are able to isolate a region of the spectrum where the emission purely originates from clusters. Surprisingly, the emission from clusters is depolarized, which is the signature of statistical inhomogeneous emission from a low-density source. The harmonic response to laser ellipticity shows that this generation is produced by a new recollisional mechanism, which opens the way to future theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ruf
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR5107, F33405 Talence, France
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