1
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Is Heralded Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence with Single Absorbers Possible with Current Technology? PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between single or a fixed number of photons with a single absorber is of fundamental interest in quantum technology. The harnessing of light matter interactions at the single particle limit has several potential applications ranging from quantum communication and quantum metrology to quantum imaging. In this perspective, a setup for heralded two-photon excited fluorescence at the single absorber level is proposed. The setup is based on a heralded two-photon source utilizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion, entanglement swapping and sum frequency generation for joint detection. This perspective aimed at triggering a discussion about the study of TPA and TPEF with only very few photons. The feasibility of the scheme is assessed by estimating the performance based on state-of-the-art technologies and losses, with the conclusion that the realization appears to be very challenging, but not completely impossible.
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2
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Thekkadath GS, Bell BA, Patel RB, Kim MS, Walmsley IA. Measuring the Joint Spectral Mode of Photon Pairs Using Intensity Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:023601. [PMID: 35089759 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.023601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate and measure the time-frequency structure of quantum light is useful for information processing and metrology. Measuring this structure is also important when developing quantum light sources with high modal purity that can interfere with other independent sources. Here, we present and experimentally demonstrate a scheme based on intensity interferometry to measure the joint spectral mode of photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We observe correlations in the spectral phase of the photons due to chirp in the pump. We show that our scheme can be combined with stimulated emission tomography to quickly measure their mode using bright classical light. Our scheme does not require phase stability, nonlinearities, or spectral shaping and thus is an experimentally simple way of measuring the modal structure of quantum light.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Thekkadath
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - B A Bell
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - R B Patel
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M S Kim
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - I A Walmsley
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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3
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Lipka M, Parniak M. Single-Photon Hologram of a Zero-Area Pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:163601. [PMID: 34723616 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.163601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single photons exhibit inherently quantum and unintuitive properties such as the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, demonstrating their bosonic and quantized nature, yet at the same time may correspond to single excitations of spatial or temporal modes with a very complex structure. Those two features are rarely seen together. Here we experimentally demonstrate how the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect can be spectrally resolved and harnessed to characterize a complex temporal mode of a single-photon-a zero-area pulse-obtained via a resonant interaction of a terahertz-bandwidth photon with a narrow gigahertz-wide atomic transition of atomic vapor. The combination of bosonic quantum behavior with bandwidth-mismatched light-atom interaction is of fundamental importance for deeper understanding of both phenomena, as well as their engineering offering applications in characterization of ultrafast transient processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Lipka
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Parniak
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copanhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Ogawa K, Okazaki T, Kobayashi H, Nakanishi T, Tomita A. Direct measurement of ultrafast temporal wavefunctions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:19403-19416. [PMID: 34266050 DOI: 10.1364/oe.423969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The large capacity and robustness of information encoding in the temporal mode of photons is important in quantum information processing, in which characterizing temporal quantum states with high usability and time resolution is essential. We propose and demonstrate a direct measurement method of temporal complex wavefunctions for weak light at a single-photon level with subpicosecond time resolution. Our direct measurement is realized by ultrafast metrology of the interference between the light under test and self-generated monochromatic reference light; no external reference light or complicated post-processing algorithms are required. Hence, this method is versatile and potentially widely applicable for temporal state characterization.
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5
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Tiedau J, Engelkemeier M, Brecht B, Sperling J, Silberhorn C. Statistical Benchmarking of Scalable Photonic Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:023601. [PMID: 33512183 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.023601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Targeting at the realization of scalable photonic quantum technologies, the generation of many photons, their propagation in large optical networks, and a subsequent detection and analysis of sophisticated quantum correlations are essential for the understanding of macroscopic quantum systems. In this experimental contribution, we explore the joint operation of all mentioned ingredients. We benchmark our time-multiplexing framework that includes a high-performance source of multiphoton states and a large multiplexing network, together with unique detectors with high photon-number resolution, readily available for distributing quantum light and measuring complex quantum correlations. Using an adaptive approach that employs flexible time bins, rather than static ones, we successfully verify high-order nonclassical correlations of many photons distributed over many modes. By exploiting the symmetry of our system and using powerful analysis tools, we can analyze correlations that would be inaccessible by classical means otherwise. In particular, we produce on the order of ten photons and distribute them over 64 modes. Nonclassicality is verified with correlation functions up to the 128th order and statistical significances of up to 20 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tiedau
- Integrated Quantum Optics Group, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - M Engelkemeier
- Integrated Quantum Optics Group, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - B Brecht
- Integrated Quantum Optics Group, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - J Sperling
- Integrated Quantum Optics Group, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - C Silberhorn
- Integrated Quantum Optics Group, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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6
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Huo N, Liu Y, Li J, Cui L, Chen X, Palivela R, Xie T, Li X, Ou ZY. Direct Temporal Mode Measurement for the Characterization of Temporally Multiplexed High Dimensional Quantum Entanglement in Continuous Variables. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:213603. [PMID: 32530692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.213603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Field-orthogonal temporal mode analysis of optical fields has recently been developed for a new framework of quantum information science. However, so far, the exact profiles of the temporal modes are not known, which makes it difficult to achieve mode selection and demultiplexing. Here, we report a novel method that measures directly the exact form of the temporal modes. This, in turn, enables us to make mode-orthogonal homodyne detection with mode-matched local oscillators. We apply the method to a pulse-pumped, specially engineered fiber parametric amplifier and demonstrate temporally multiplexed multidimensional quantum entanglement of continuous variables in telecom wavelength. The temporal mode characterization technique can be generalized to other pulse-excited systems to find their eigenmodes for multiplexing in the temporal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huo
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Li
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cui
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Rithwik Palivela
- Carmel High School, 520 East Main Street, Carmel, Indiana 46033, USA
| | - Tianqi Xie
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Ou
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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7
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Donohue JM, Ansari V, Řeháček J, Hradil Z, Stoklasa B, Paúr M, Sánchez-Soto LL, Silberhorn C. Quantum-Limited Time-Frequency Estimation through Mode-Selective Photon Measurement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:090501. [PMID: 30230876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By projecting onto complex optical mode profiles, it is possible to estimate arbitrarily small separations between objects with quantum-limited precision, free of uncertainty arising from overlapping intensity profiles. Here we extend these techniques to the time-frequency domain using mode-selective sum-frequency generation with shaped ultrafast pulses. We experimentally resolve temporal and spectral separations between incoherent mixtures of single-photon level signals ten times smaller than their optical bandwidths with a tenfold improvement in precision over the intensity-only Cramér-Rao bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Donohue
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - V Ansari
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - J Řeháček
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Z Hradil
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - B Stoklasa
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Paúr
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L L Sánchez-Soto
- Departamento de Óptica, Facultad de Física, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Silberhorn
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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8
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Davis AOC, Thiel V, Karpiński M, Smith BJ. Measuring the Single-Photon Temporal-Spectral Wave Function. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:083602. [PMID: 30192580 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Temporal-spectral modes of light provide a fundamental window into the nature of quantum systems and offer a robust means for information encoding. Methods to precisely characterize the temporal-spectral state of light at the single-photon level thus play a central role in understanding single-photon sources and their applications in emerging optical quantum technologies. Here we demonstrate an optical reference-free method, which melds techniques from ultrafast metrology and single-photon spectral detection, to characterize the pulse-mode structure of heralded single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex O C Davis
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Valérian Thiel
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michał Karpiński
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Brian J Smith
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular, and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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9
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Ansari V, Donohue JM, Allgaier M, Sansoni L, Brecht B, Roslund J, Treps N, Harder G, Silberhorn C. Tomography and Purification of the Temporal-Mode Structure of Quantum Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:213601. [PMID: 29883172 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional quantum information processing promises capabilities beyond the current state of the art, but addressing individual information-carrying modes presents a significant experimental challenge. Here we demonstrate effective high-dimensional operations in the time-frequency domain of nonclassical light. We generate heralded photons with tailored temporal-mode structures through the pulse shaping of a broadband parametric down-conversion pump. We then implement a quantum pulse gate, enabled by dispersion-engineered sum-frequency generation, to project onto programmable temporal modes, reconstructing the quantum state in seven dimensions. We also manipulate the time-frequency structure by selectively removing temporal modes, explicitly demonstrating the effectiveness of engineered nonlinear processes for the mode-selective manipulation of quantum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ansari
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - John M Donohue
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Markus Allgaier
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Linda Sansoni
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Brecht
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Roslund
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France; 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Treps
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France; 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Georg Harder
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Christine Silberhorn
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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10
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Multimode entanglement in reconfigurable graph states using optical frequency combs. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15645. [PMID: 28585530 PMCID: PMC5467165 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimode entanglement is an essential resource for quantum information processing and quantum metrology. However, multimode entangled states are generally constructed by targeting a specific graph configuration. This yields to a fixed experimental setup that therefore exhibits reduced versatility and scalability. Here we demonstrate an optical on-demand, reconfigurable multimode entangled state, using an intrinsically multimode quantum resource and a homodyne detection apparatus. Without altering either the initial squeezing source or experimental architecture, we realize the construction of thirteen cluster states of various sizes and connectivities as well as the implementation of a secret sharing protocol. In particular, this system enables the interrogation of quantum correlations and fluctuations for any multimode Gaussian state. This initiates an avenue for implementing on-demand quantum information processing by only adapting the measurement process and not the experimental layout. Multimode entanglement is an important resource for quantum information processing, but setups are often able to generate specific configurations only. Here the authors present an on-demand reconfigurable multimode entangled state source, realizing thirteen cluster states of various sizes and connectivities.
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11
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Quiet moments in time. Nature 2017; 541:292-293. [DOI: 10.1038/541292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Ogawa H, Ohdan H, Miyata K, Taguchi M, Makino K, Yonezawa H, Yoshikawa JI, Furusawa A. Real-Time Quadrature Measurement of a Single-Photon Wave Packet with Continuous Temporal-Mode Matching. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:233602. [PMID: 27341231 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.233602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Real-time controls based on quantum measurements are powerful tools for various quantum protocols. However, their experimental realization has been limited by mode mismatch between the temporal mode of quadrature measurement and that heralded by photon detection. Here, we demonstrate real-time quadrature measurement of a single-photon wave packet induced by photon detection by utilizing continuous temporal-mode matching between homodyne detection and an exponentially rising temporal mode. Single photons in exponentially rising modes are also expected to be useful resources for interactions with other quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Ogawa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ohdan
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyata
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masahiro Taguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenzo Makino
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Yonezawa
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akira Furusawa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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13
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Guo X, Liu N, Liu Y, Li X, Ou ZY. Generation of continuous variable quantum entanglement using a fiber optical parametric amplifier. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:653-656. [PMID: 26907447 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the experimental generation of quadrature amplitude entanglement in the 1550 nm band by using a fiber optical parametric amplifier. The measured noise variances of the difference and sum of the quadrature amplitudes of the pulsed signal and idler twin beams fall below the shot noise limit by about 1 and 0.8 dB (4.2 and 3.6 dB after the correction for efficiency), respectively, showing that the inseparability criterion of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement I<2 is satisfied. Our investigation reveals that the quality of the measured entanglement can be further improved by increasing the transmission efficiency of the twin beams and by optimizing the temporal mode matching of the two sets of homodyne detection systems.
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14
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Costanzo LS, Coelho AS, Pellegrino D, Mendes MS, Acioli L, Cassemiro KN, Felinto D, Zavatta A, Bellini M. Zero-Area Single-Photon Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:023602. [PMID: 26824539 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.023602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Broadband single photons are usually considered not to couple efficiently to atomic gases because of the large mismatch in bandwidth. Contrary to this intuitive picture, here we demonstrate that the interaction of ultrashort single photons with a dense resonant atomic sample deeply modifies the temporal shape of their wave packet mode without degrading their nonclassical character, and effectively generates zero-area single-photon pulses. This is a clear signature of strong transient coupling between single broadband (THz-level) light quanta and atoms, with intriguing fundamental implications and possible new applications to the storage of quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Costanzo
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO-CNR), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS) and Department of Physics, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - A S Coelho
- Departamento de Engenharia, Centro Universitário UNINOFAPI, 64073-505 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - D Pellegrino
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS) and Department of Physics, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - M S Mendes
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - L Acioli
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - K N Cassemiro
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - D Felinto
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A Zavatta
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO-CNR), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS) and Department of Physics, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - M Bellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO-CNR), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS) and Department of Physics, University of Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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15
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Laibacher S, Tamma V. From the Physics to the Computational Complexity of Multiboson Correlation Interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:243605. [PMID: 26705635 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.243605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate how the physics of multiboson correlation interference leads to the computational complexity of linear optical interferometers based on correlation measurements in the degrees of freedom of the input bosons. In particular, we address the task of multiboson correlation sampling (MBCS) from the probability distribution associated with polarization- and time-resolved detections at the output of random linear optical networks. We show that the MBCS problem is fundamentally hard to solve classically even for nonidentical input photons, regardless of the color of the photons, making it also very appealing from an experimental point of view. These results fully manifest the quantum computational supremacy inherent to the fundamental nature of quantum interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Laibacher
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Tamma
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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16
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Guo X, Liu N, Li X, Ou ZY. Complete temporal mode analysis in pulse-pumped fiber-optical parametric amplifier for continuous variable entanglement generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:29369-29383. [PMID: 26698421 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.029369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mode matching plays an important role in measuring the continuous variable entanglement. For the signal and idler twin beams generated by a pulse pumped fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA), the spatial mode matching is automatically achieved in single mode fiber, but the temporal mode property is complicated because it is highly sensitive to the dispersion and the gain of the FOPA. We study the temporal mode structure and derive the input-output relation for each temporal mode of signal and idler beams after decomposing the joint spectral function of twin beams with the singular-value decomposition method. We analyze the measurement of the quadrature-amplitude entanglement, and find mode matching between the multi-mode twin beams and the local oscillators of homodyne detection systems is crucial to achieve a high degree of entanglement. The results show that the noise contributed by the temporal modes nonorthogonal to local oscillator may be much larger than the vacuum noise, so the mode mis-match can not be accounted for by merely introducing an effective loss. Our study will be useful for developing a source of high quality continuous variable entanglement by using the FOPA.
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17
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Kowligy AS, Manurkar P, Corzo NV, Velev VG, Silver M, Scott RP, Yoo SJB, Kumar P, Kanter GS, Huang YP. Quantum optical arbitrary waveform manipulation and measurement in real time. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:27942-27957. [PMID: 25402035 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.027942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a technique for dynamic quantum optical arbitrary-waveform generation and manipulation, which is capable of mode selectively operating on quantum signals without inducing significant loss or decoherence. It is built upon combining the developed tools of quantum frequency conversion and optical arbitrary waveform generation. Considering realistic parameters, we propose and analyze applications such as programmable reshaping of picosecond-scale temporal modes, selective frequency conversion of any one or superposition of those modes, and mode-resolved photon counting. We also report on experimental progress to distinguish two overlapping, orthogonal temporal modes, demonstrating over 8 dB extinction between picosecond-scale time-frequency modes, which agrees well with our theory. Our theoretical and experimental progress, as a whole, points to an enabling optical technique for various applications such as ultradense quantum coding, unity-efficiency cavity-atom quantum memories, and high-speed quantum computing.
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Jullien T, Roulleau P, Roche B, Cavanna A, Jin Y, Glattli DC. Quantum tomography of an electron. Nature 2014; 514:603-7. [PMID: 25355360 DOI: 10.1038/nature13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Radwell N, Brickus D, Clark TW, Franke-Arnold S. High speed switching between arbitrary spatial light profiles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:12845-12852. [PMID: 24921481 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.012845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Complex images, inscribed into the spatial profile of a laser beam or even a single photon, offer a highly efficient method of data encoding. Here we present a prototype system which can quickly modulate between arbitrary images. We display an array of holograms, each defined by its phase and intensity profile, on a spatial light modulator. The input beam is then steered by an acousto-optic modulator to one of these holograms, where it is converted into the desired light mode. We demonstrate switching between characters within three separate alphabets at a switching rate of up to10 kHz. This rate is limited by our detection system, and we anticipate that the system is capable of far higher rates. Furthermore our system is not limited in efficiency by channel number, making it ideal for quantum communication applications.
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Manipulating frequency-bin entangled states in cold atoms. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3941. [PMID: 24487523 PMCID: PMC3909907 DOI: 10.1038/srep03941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical manipulation of entanglement harnessing the frequency degree of freedom is important for encoding of quantum information. We here devise a phase-resonant excitation mechanism of an atomic interface where full control of a narrowband single-photon two-mode frequency entangled state can be efficiently achieved. We illustrate the working physical mechanism for an interface made of cold 87Rb atoms where entanglement is well preserved from degradation over a typical 100 μm length scale of the interface and with fractional delays of the order of unity. The scheme provides a basis for efficient multi-frequency and multi-photon entanglement, which is not easily accessible to polarization and spatial encoding.
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Morin O, Fabre C, Laurat J. Experimentally accessing the optimal temporal mode of traveling quantum light states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:213602. [PMID: 24313487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The characterization or subsequent use of a propagating optical quantum state requires the knowledge of its precise temporal mode. Defining this mode structure very often relies on a detailed a priori knowledge of the used resources, when available, and can additionally call for an involved theoretical modeling. In contrast, here we report on a practical method enabling us to infer the optimal temporal mode directly from experimental data acquired via homodyne detection, without any assumptions on the state. The approach is based on a multimode analysis using eigenfunction expansion of the autocorrelation function. This capability is illustrated by experimental data from the preparation of Fock states and coherent state superposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Morin
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Barbosa FAS, Coelho AS, Cassemiro KN, Nussenzveig P, Fabre C, Martinelli M, Villar AS. Beyond spectral homodyne detection: complete quantum measurement of spectral modes of light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:200402. [PMID: 24289670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Spectral homodyne detection, a widely used technique for measuring quantum properties of light beams, cannot retrieve all the information needed to reconstruct the quantum state of spectral field modes. We show that full quantum state reconstruction can be achieved with the alternative measurement technique of resonator detection. We experimentally demonstrate this difference by engineering a quantum state with features that go undetected by homodyne detection but are clearly revealed by resonator detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A S Barbosa
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 66318, 05315-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hayat A, Xing X, Feizpour A, Steinberg AM. Multidimensional quantum information based on single-photon temporal wavepackets. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:29174-29184. [PMID: 23388743 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.029174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose a multidimensional quantum information encoding approach based on temporal modulation of single photons, where the Hilbert space can be spanned by an in-principle infinite set of orthonormal temporal profiles. We analyze two specific realizations of such modulation schemes, and show that error rate per symbol can be smaller than 1% for practical implementations. Temporal modulation may enable multidimensional quantum communication over the existing fiber optical infrastructure, as well as provide an avenue for probing high-dimensional entanglement approaching the continuous limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hayat
- Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, and Institute for Optical Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
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