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Torres V, Martin SW. Effects of LiPON Incorporation on the Structures and Properties of Mixed Oxy-Sulfide-Nitride Glassy Solid Electrolytes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:8271-8284. [PMID: 37196103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Glassy solid electrolytes (GSEs) are promising solid electrolytes in the development of all solid-state batteries. Mixed oxy-sulfide nitride (MOSN) GSEs combine the high ionic conductivity of sulfide glasses, the excellent chemical stability of oxide glasses, and the electrochemical stability of nitride glasses. However, the reports on the synthesis and characterization of these novel nitrogen containing electrolytes are quite limited. Therefore, the systematic incorporation of LiPON during glass synthesis was used to explore the effects of nitrogen and oxygen additions on the atomic-level structures in the glass transition (Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tc) of MOSN GSEs. The MOSN GSE series 58.3Li2S + 31.7SiS2 + 10[(1 - x)Li0.67PO2.83 + x LiPO2.53N0.314], x = 0.0, 0.06, 0.12, 0.2, 0.27, 0.36, was prepared by melt-quench synthesis. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the Tg and Tc values of these glasses. Fourier transformation-infrared, Raman, and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies were used to examine the short-range order structures of these materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was conducted on the glasses to further understand the bonding environments of the doped nitrogen. Finally, N and S elemental analyses were used to confirm the composition of these GSEs. These results are used to elucidate the structure of these glasses and to understand the thermal property impact oxygen and nitrogen doping in these GSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Torres
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2240 Hoover Hall, 528 Bissell Rd, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Steve W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2240 Hoover Hall, 528 Bissell Rd, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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2
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Wang G, Kieffer J. Contiguous High-Mobility Interphase Surrounding Nano-Precipitates in Polymer Matrix Solid Electrolyte. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:848-858. [PMID: 36542798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We establish that an interfacial region develops around amorphous Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) nanoparticles in a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which exhibits a 30 times higher Li+ mobility than the polymer matrix. To take advantage of this gain throughout the material, nanoparticles must be uniformly dispersed across the matrix, so that the interphase formation is minimally blocked by LATP particle agglomeration. This is achieved using a water-based in situ precipitation method, carefully controlling the temperature schedule during processing. A maximum conductivity of 3.80 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 20 °C for an ethylene oxide to Li ratio of 10 is observed at 25 wt % (12.5 vol %) particle loading, as predicted by our tri-phase model. Comparative infrared spectroscopy reveals softening and broadening of the C-O-C stretching modes, reflecting increased disorder in the polymer backbone that is consistent with opening passageways for cation migration. A transition state theory-based approach for analyzing the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity reveals that thermally activated processes within the interphase benefit more from higher activation entropy than from the decrease in activation enthalpy. The lithium infusion from LATP particles is small, and the charge carriers tend to concentrate in a space-charge configuration near the particle/polymer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - John Kieffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
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3
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Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have captured the attention of the global energy research community in recent years by showing an exponential augmentation in their performance and stability. The supremacy of the light-harvesting efficiency and wider band gap of perovskite sensitizers have led to these devices being compared with the most outstanding rival silicon-based solar cells. Nevertheless, there are some issues such as their poor lifetime stability, considerable J–V hysteresis, and the toxicity of the conventional constituent materials which restrict their prevalence in the marketplace. The poor stability of PSCs with regard to humidity, UV radiation, oxygen and heat especially limits their industrial application. This review focuses on the in-depth studies of different direct and indirect parameters of PSC device instability. The mechanism for device degradation for several parameters and the complementary materials showing promising results are systematically analyzed. The main objective of this work is to review the effectual strategies of enhancing the stability of PSCs. Several important factors such as material engineering, novel device structure design, hole-transporting materials (HTMs), electron-transporting materials (ETMs), electrode materials preparation, and encapsulation methods that need to be taken care of in order to improve the stability of PSCs are discussed extensively. Conclusively, this review discusses some opportunities for the commercialization of PSCs with high efficiency and stability.
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4
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Yao D, Hoang MT, Wang H. Low-Dimensional-Networked Perovskites with A-Site-Cation Engineering for Optoelectronic Devices. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001147. [PMID: 34928083 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional-networked (LDN) perovskites denote materials in which the molecular structure adopts 2D, 1D, or 0D arrangement. Compared to conventional 3D structured lead halide perovskite (chemical formula: ABX3 where A: monovalent cations, B: divalent cations, X: halides) that have been studied widely as light absorber and used in current state-or-the-art solar cells, LDN perovskite have unique properties such as more flexible crystal structure, lower ion transport mobility, robust stability against environmental stress such as moisture, thermal, etc., making them attractive for applications in optoelectronic devices. Since 2014, reports on LDN perovskite materials used in perovskite solar cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), luminescent solar concentrators (LSC), and photodetectors have been reported, aiming to overcome the obstacles of conventional 3DN perovskite materials in these optoelectronic devices. In this review, the variable ligands used to make LDN perovskite materials are summarized, their distinct properties compared to conventional 3D perovskite materials. The research progress of optoelectronic devices including solar cells, LEDs, LSCs, and photodetectors that used different LDNs perovskite, the roles and working mechanisms of the LDN perovskites in the devices are also demonstrated. Finally, key research challenges and outlook of LDN materials for various optoelectronic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disheng Yao
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Minh Tam Hoang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Clean Energy Technologies and Practices, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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5
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Zhao Y, Zhou W, Han Z, Yu D, Zhao Q. Effects of ion migration and improvement strategies for the operational stability of perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:94-106. [PMID: 33325463 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04418k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental factor affecting the stability of perovskite solar cells, ion migration, has been reviewed, which is found to be closely related to the degradation of perovskite solar cells. Characterization methods like impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic measurement to identify ion migration in perovskite films have been reviewed. The influence of light on ion migration was further discussed, which could largely explain the photo-stability decay in most perovskite solar cells. Finally, several solutions to inhibit ion migration for better operational stability of perovskite solar cells were summarized, including bulk passivation, interface passivation and grain boundary passivation. Several strategies have also been proposed to further improve the stablity of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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6
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Low-temperature paddlewheel effect in glassy solid electrolytes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1483. [PMID: 32198363 PMCID: PMC7083903 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glasses are promising electrolytes for use in solid-state batteries. Nevertheless, due to their amorphous structure, the mechanisms that underlie their ionic conductivity remain poorly understood. Here, ab initio molecular dynamics is used to characterize migration processes in the prototype glass, 75Li2S-25P2S5. Lithium migration occurs via a mechanism that combines concerted motion of lithium ions with large, quasi-permanent reorientations of PS43- anions. This latter effect, known as the 'paddlewheel' mechanism, is typically observed in high-temperature crystalline polymorphs. In contrast to the behavior of crystalline materials, in the glass paddlewheel dynamics contribute to Lithium-ion mobility at room temperature. Paddlewheel contributions are confirmed by characterizing spatial, temporal, vibrational, and energetic correlations with Lithium motion. Furthermore, the dynamics in the glass differ from those in the stable crystalline analogue, γ-Li3PS4, where anion reorientations are negligible and ion mobility is reduced. These data imply that glasses containing complex anions, and in which covalent network formation is minimized, may exhibit paddlewheel dynamics at low temperature. Consequently, these systems may be fertile ground in the search for new solid electrolytes.
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Lin Y, Chen B, Fang Y, Zhao J, Bao C, Yu Z, Deng Y, Rudd PN, Yan Y, Yuan Y, Huang J. Excess charge-carrier induced instability of hybrid perovskites. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4981. [PMID: 30478392 PMCID: PMC6255755 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the origin of intrinsic instability for organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) is crucial for their application in electronic devices, including solar cells, photodetectors, radiation detectors, and light-emitting diodes, as their efficiencies or sensitivities have already been demonstrated to be competitive with commercial available devices. Here we show that free charges in OIHPs, whether generated by incident light or by current-injection from electrodes, can reduce their stability, while efficient charge extraction effectively stabilizes the perovskite materials. The excess of both holes and electrons reduce the activation energy for ion migration within OIHPs, accelerating the degradation of OIHPs, while the excess holes and electrons facilitate the migration of cations or anions, respectively. OIHP solar cells capable of efficient charge-carrier extraction show improved light stability under regular operation conditions compared to an open-circuit condition where the photo-generated charges are confined in the perovskite layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Lin
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yanjun Fang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Chunxiong Bao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yehao Deng
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Peter N Rudd
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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8
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Li X, Zhang W, Wang YC, Zhang W, Wang HQ, Fang J. In-situ cross-linking strategy for efficient and operationally stable methylammoniun lead iodide solar cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3806. [PMID: 30228277 PMCID: PMC6143610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term operational stability is the foremost issue delaying the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here we demonstrate an in-situ cross-linking strategy for operationally stable inverted MAPbI3 PSCs through the incorporation of a cross-linkable organic small molecule additive trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMTA) into perovskite films. TMTA can chemically anchor to grain boundaries and then in-situ cross-link to a robust continuous network polymer after thermal treatment, thus enhancing the thermal, water-resisting and light-resisting properties of organic/perovskite films. As a result, the cross-linked PSCs exhibit 590-fold improvement in operational stability, retaining nearly 80% of their initial efficiency after continuous power output for 400 h at maximum power point under full-sun AM 1.5 G illumination of Xenon lamp without any UV-filter. In addition, under moisture or thermal (85 °C) conditions, cross-linked TMTA-based PSCs also show excellent stability with over 90% of their initial or post burn-in efficiency after aging for over 1000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Chiao Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai-Qiao Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Fang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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9
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Xing J, Wang Q, Dong Q, Yuan Y, Fang Y, Huang J. Ultrafast ion migration in hybrid perovskite polycrystalline thin films under light and suppression in single crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30484-30490. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reveals the important effect of light on ion migration behavior and morphology dependent light stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xing
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
- School of Science
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Qingfeng Dong
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process
| | - Yanjun Fang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
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Martin SW, Bischoff C, Schuller K. Composition Dependence of the Na+ Ion Conductivity in 0.5Na2S + 0.5[xGeS2 + (1 – x)PS5/2] Mixed Glass Former Glasses: A Structural Interpretation of a Negative Mixed Glass Former Effect. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15738-51. [PMID: 26618389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve W. Martin
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010-2300, United States
| | - Christian Bischoff
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010-2300, United States
| | - Katherine Schuller
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010-2300, United States
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Bischoff C, Schuller K, Martin SW. Short Range Structural Models of the Glass Transition Temperatures and Densities of 0.5Na2S + 0.5[xGeS2 + (1 – x)PS5/2] Mixed Glass Former Glasses. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3710-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411942t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bischoff
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Katherine Schuller
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Steve W. Martin
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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12
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Christensen R, Olson G, Martin SW. Ionic Conductivity of Mixed Glass Former 0.35Na2O + 0.65[xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5] Glasses. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:16577-86. [PMID: 24295052 DOI: 10.1021/jp409497z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randilynn Christensen
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Garrett Olson
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Steve W. Martin
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Storek M, Böhmer R, Martin SW, Larink D, Eckert H. NMR and conductivity studies of the mixed glass former effect in lithium borophosphate glasses. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:124507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4754664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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