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Morgner J, Tu B, König CM, Sailer T, Heiße F, Bekker H, Sikora B, Lyu C, Yerokhin VA, Harman Z, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Keitel CH, Sturm S, Blaum K. Stringent test of QED with hydrogen-like tin. Nature 2023; 622:53-57. [PMID: 37794267 PMCID: PMC10550826 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Inner-shell electrons naturally sense the electric field close to the nucleus, which can reach extreme values beyond 1015 V cm-1 for the innermost electrons1. Especially in few-electron, highly charged ions, the interaction with the electromagnetic fields can be accurately calculated within quantum electrodynamics (QED), rendering these ions good candidates to test the validity of QED in strong fields. Consequently, their Lamb shifts were intensively studied in the past several decades2,3. Another approach is the measurement of gyromagnetic factors (g factors) in highly charged ions4-7. However, so far, either experimental accuracy or small field strength in low-Z ions5,6 limited the stringency of these QED tests. Here we report on our high-precision, high-field test of QED in hydrogen-like 118Sn49+. The highly charged ions were produced with the Heidelberg electron beam ion trap (EBIT)8 and injected into the ALPHATRAP Penning-trap setup9, in which the bound-electron g factor was measured with a precision of 0.5 parts per billion (ppb). For comparison, we present state-of-the-art theory calculations, which together test the underlying QED to about 0.012%, yielding a stringent test in the strong-field regime. With this measurement, we challenge the best tests by means of the Lamb shift and, with anticipated advances in the g-factor theory, surpass them by more than an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Morgner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - B Tu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C M König
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Sailer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Heiße
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Bekker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz, Germany
| | - B Sikora
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Lyu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V A Yerokhin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Z Harman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - C H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Uribe AJ, Cridland Mathad A, Lacy JH, Pinder J, Willetts R, Verdú J. High frequency properties of a planar ion trap fabricated on a chip. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:083202. [PMID: 36050058 DOI: 10.1063/5.0091745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on the measurement of the high frequency properties of a planar Penning ion trap fabricated on a chip. Two types of chips have been measured: the first manufactured by photolithographic metal deposition on a p-doped silicon substrate and the second made with printed circuit board technology on an alumina substrate. The input capacitances and the admittances between the different trap's electrodes play a critical role in the electronic detection of the trapped particles. The measured input capacitances of the photolithographic chip amount to 65-76 pF, while the values for the printed circuit board chips are in the range of 3-5 pF. The latter are small enough for detecting non-destructively a single trapped electron or ion with a specifically tuned LC resonator. We have also measured a mutual capacitance of ∼85 fF between two of the trap's electrodes in the printed circuit board chip. This enables the detection of single, or very few, trapped particles in a broader range of charge-to-mass ratios with a simple resistor on the chip. We provide analytic calculations of the capacitances and discuss their origin and possible further reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Uribe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Cridland Mathad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - J H Lacy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - J Pinder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Willetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - J Verdú
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
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3
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Kosheleva VP, Volotka AV, Glazov DA, Zinenko DV, Fritzsche S. g Factor of Lithiumlike Silicon and Calcium: Resolving the Disagreement between Theory and Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:103001. [PMID: 35333066 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The bound-electron g factor is a stringent tool for tests of the standard model and the search for new physics. The comparison between an experiment on the g factor of lithiumlike silicon and the two recent theoretical values revealed the discrepancies of 1.7σ [Glazov et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 173001 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.173001] and 5.2σ [Yerokhin et al. Phys. Rev. A 102, 022815 (2020)PLRAAN2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.102.022815]. To identify the reason for this disagreement, we accomplish large-scale high-precision computation of the interelectronic-interaction and many-electron QED corrections. The calculations are performed within the extended Furry picture of QED, and the dependence of the final values on the choice of the binding potential is carefully analyzed. As a result, we significantly improve the agreement between the theory and experiment for the g factor of lithiumlike silicon. We also report the most accurate theoretical prediction to date for lithiumlike calcium, which perfectly agrees with the experimental value.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Kosheleva
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A V Volotka
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Glazov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D V Zinenko
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Fritzsche
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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4
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Shabaev VM, Glazov DA, Ryzhkov AM, Brandau C, Plunien G, Quint W, Volchkova AM, Zinenko DV. Ground-State g Factor of Highly Charged ^{229}Th Ions: An Access to the M1 Transition Probability between the Isomeric and Ground Nuclear States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:043001. [PMID: 35148134 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A method is proposed to determine the M1 nuclear transition amplitude and hence the lifetime of the "nuclear clock transition" between the low-lying (∼8 eV) first isomeric state and the ground state of ^{229}Th from a measurement of the ground-state g factor of few-electron ^{229}Th ions. As a tool, the effect of nuclear hyperfine mixing in highly charged ^{229}Th ions such as ^{229}Th^{89+} or ^{229}Th^{87+} is used. The ground-state-only g-factor measurement would also provide first experimental evidence of nuclear hyperfine mixing in atomic ions. Combining the measurements for H-, Li-, and B-like ^{229}Th ions has a potential to improve the initial result for a single charge state and to determine the nuclear magnetic moment to a higher accuracy than that of the currently accepted value. The calculations include relativistic, interelectronic-interaction, QED, and nuclear effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Shabaev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Glazov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A M Ryzhkov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - C Brandau
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Plunien
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, TU Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 13, Dresden, D-01062, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A M Volchkova
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D V Zinenko
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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5
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Glazov DA, Köhler-Langes F, Volotka AV, Blaum K, Heiße F, Plunien G, Quint W, Rau S, Shabaev VM, Sturm S, Werth G. g Factor of Lithiumlike Silicon: New Challenge to Bound-State QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:173001. [PMID: 31702246 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recently established agreement between experiment and theory for the g factors of lithiumlike silicon and calcium ions manifests the most stringent test of the many-electron bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects in the presence of a magnetic field. In this Letter, we present a significant simultaneous improvement of both theoretical g_{th}=2.000 889 894 4 (34) and experimental g_{exp}=2.000 889 888 45 (14) values of the g factor of lithiumlike silicon ^{28}Si^{11+}. The theoretical precision now is limited by the many-electron two-loop contributions of the bound-state QED. The experimental value is accurate enough to test these contributions on a few percent level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Glazov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - F Köhler-Langes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A V Volotka
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Heiße
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Plunien
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Rau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V M Shabaev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Werth
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Arapoglou I, Egl A, Höcker M, Sailer T, Tu B, Weigel A, Wolf R, Cakir H, Yerokhin VA, Oreshkina NS, Agababaev VA, Volotka AV, Zinenko DV, Glazov DA, Harman Z, Keitel CH, Sturm S, Blaum K. g Factor of Boronlike Argon ^{40}Ar^{13+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:253001. [PMID: 31347869 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.253001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the ground-state g factor of boronlike argon ^{40}Ar^{13+} with a fractional uncertainty of 1.4×10^{-9} with a single ion in the newly developed Alphatrap double Penning-trap setup. The value of g=0.663 648 455 32(93) obtained here is in agreement with our theoretical prediction of 0.663 648 12(58). The latter is obtained accounting for quantum electrodynamics, electron correlation, and nuclear effects within the state-of-the-art theoretical methods. Our experimental result distinguishes between existing predictions that are in disagreement, and lays the foundations for an independent determination of the fine-structure constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Arapoglou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Egl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Höcker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Sailer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Tu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Weigel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Cakir
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V A Yerokhin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Oreshkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V A Agababaev
- St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Volotka
- St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D V Zinenko
- St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Glazov
- St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Z Harman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Lohse S, Berrocal J, Block M, Chenmarev S, Cornejo JM, Ramírez JG, Rodríguez D. A quartz amplifier for high-sensitivity Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance measurements with trapped ions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:063202. [PMID: 31254986 DOI: 10.1063/1.5094428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-ion sensitivity is obtained in precision Penning-trap experiments devoted to light (anti)particles or ions with low mass-to-charge ratios, by adding an inductance coil to an amplifier connected to the trap, both operated at 4 K. However, single-ion sensitivity has not been reached on heavy singly or doubly charged ions. In this publication, we present a new system to reach this point, based on the use of a quartz crystal as an inductance, together with a newly developed broad-band (BB) amplifier. We detect the reduced-cyclotron frequency of 40Ca+ ions stored in a 7-tesla open-ring Penning trap. By comparing the detected electric signal obtained with the BB amplifier and the fluorescence signal obtained by collecting the photons emitted by a trapped ion cloud, we show a detection limit below 110 ions. Adding the crystal, the electrical signal increases by a factor of about 30 at room temperature, which combined with the measured equivalent resistance and voltage noise, proves the feasibility of the system to reach single-ion sensitivity at 4 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lohse
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Berrocal
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M Block
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Chenmarev
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J M Cornejo
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - D Rodríguez
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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8
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Agababaev VA, Glazov DA, Volotka AV, Zinenko DV, Shabaev VM, Plunien G. Ground-state g factor of middle-Z boronlike ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1138/1/012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Czarnecki A, Dowling M, Piclum J, Szafron R. Two-Loop Binding Corrections to the Electron Gyromagnetic Factor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:043203. [PMID: 29437448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.043203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We compute corrections to the gyromagnetic factor of an electron bound in a hydrogenlike ion at order α^{2}(Zα)^{5}. This result removes a major uncertainty in predictions for silicon and carbon ions, used to determine the atomic mass of the electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Czarnecki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Matthew Dowling
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Jan Piclum
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
- Theoretische Physik 1, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Robert Szafron
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
- Physik Department T31, Technische Universität München, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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10
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Shabaev VM, Glazov DA, Malyshev AV, Tupitsyn II. Recoil Effect on the g Factor of Li-Like Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:263001. [PMID: 29328712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear recoil effect on the g factor of Li-like ions is evaluated. The one-electron recoil contribution is treated within the framework of the rigorous QED approach to the first order in the electron-to-nucleus mass ratio m/M and to all orders in the parameter αZ. These calculations are performed in a range Z=3-92. The two-electron recoil term is calculated for low- and middle-Z ions within the Breit approximation using a four-component approach. The results for the two-electron recoil part obtained in the Letter strongly disagree with the previous calculations performed using an effective two-component Hamiltonian. The obtained value for the recoil effect is used to calculate the isotope shift of the g factor of Li-like ^{A}Ca^{17+} with A=40 and A=48 which was recently measured. It is found that the new theoretical value for the isotope shift is closer to the experimental one than the previously obtained value.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Shabaev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Glazov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Malyshev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I I Tupitsyn
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Heiße F, Köhler-Langes F, Rau S, Hou J, Junck S, Kracke A, Mooser A, Quint W, Ulmer S, Werth G, Blaum K, Sturm S. High-Precision Measurement of the Proton's Atomic Mass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:033001. [PMID: 28777624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the precise measurement of the atomic mass of a single proton with a purpose-built Penning-trap system. With a precision of 32 parts per trillion our result not only improves on the current CODATA literature value by a factor of 3, but also disagrees with it at a level of about 3 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Heiße
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Köhler-Langes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Rau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Hou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Junck
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Kracke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Mooser
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Ulmer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Werth
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Nagahama H, Schneider G, Mooser A, Smorra C, Sellner S, Harrington J, Higuchi T, Borchert M, Tanaka T, Besirli M, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Ospelkaus C, Quint W, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Ulmer S. Highly sensitive superconducting circuits at ∼700 kHz with tunable quality factors for image-current detection of single trapped antiprotons. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:113305. [PMID: 27910537 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed highly sensitive image-current detection systems based on superconducting toroidal coils and ultra-low noise amplifiers for non-destructive measurements of the axial frequencies (550-800 kHz) of single antiprotons stored in a cryogenic multi-Penning-trap system. The unloaded superconducting tuned circuits show quality factors of up to 500 000, which corresponds to a factor of 10 improvement compared to our previously used solenoidal designs. Connected to ultra-low noise amplifiers and the trap system, signal-to-noise-ratios of 30 dB at quality factors of >20 000 are achieved. In addition, we have developed a superconducting switch which allows continuous tuning of the detector's quality factor and to sensitively tune the particle-detector interaction. This allowed us to improve frequency resolution at constant averaging time, which is crucial for single antiproton spin-transition spectroscopy experiments, as well as improved measurements of the proton-to-antiproton charge-to-mass ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nagahama
- RIKEN, Ulmer Initiative Research Unit, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Schneider
- RIKEN, Ulmer Initiative Research Unit, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Mooser
- RIKEN, Ulmer Initiative Research Unit, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C Smorra
- RIKEN, Ulmer Initiative Research Unit, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Sellner
- RIKEN, Ulmer Initiative Research Unit, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Harrington
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Higuchi
- RIKEN, Ulmer Initiative Research Unit, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Borchert
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Tanaka
- RIKEN, Ulmer Initiative Research Unit, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Besirli
- RIKEN, Ulmer Initiative Research Unit, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - C Ospelkaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI - Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Yamazaki
- RIKEN, Atomic Physics Research Unit, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Ulmer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Initiative Research Unit, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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14
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Yerokhin VA, Berseneva E, Harman Z, Tupitsyn II, Keitel CH. g Factor of Light Ions for an Improved Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:100801. [PMID: 27015466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A weighted difference of the g factors of the H- and Li-like ions of the same element is theoretically studied and optimized in order to maximize the cancellation of nuclear effects between the two charge states. We show that this weighted difference and its combination for two different elements can be used to extract a value for the fine-structure constant from near-future bound-electron g factor experiments with an accuracy competitive with or better than the present literature value.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Yerokhin
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Studies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Berseneva
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Z Harman
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I I Tupitsyn
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - C H Keitel
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Isotope dependence of the Zeeman effect in lithium-like calcium. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10246. [PMID: 26776466 PMCID: PMC4735604 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetic moment μ of a bound electron, generally expressed by the g-factor μ=−g μBs ħ−1 with μB the Bohr magneton and s the electron's spin, can be calculated by bound-state quantum electrodynamics (BS-QED) to very high precision. The recent ultra-precise experiment on hydrogen-like silicon determined this value to eleven significant digits, and thus allowed to rigorously probe the validity of BS-QED. Yet, the investigation of one of the most interesting contribution to the g-factor, the relativistic interaction between electron and nucleus, is limited by our knowledge of BS-QED effects. By comparing the g-factors of two isotopes, it is possible to cancel most of these contributions and sensitively probe nuclear effects. Here, we present calculations and experiments on the isotope dependence of the Zeeman effect in lithium-like calcium ions. The good agreement between the theoretical predicted recoil contribution and the high-precision g-factor measurements paves the way for a new generation of BS-QED tests. In addition to hyperfine splitting effects, isotope shifts of atomic electronic energy levels allow the investigation nuclear properties. Here, the authors study the isotope dependence of the Zeeman effect in litihium-like calcium isotopes in a Penning-trap setup and find good agreement with QED calculations.
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16
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Schmöger L, Schwarz M, Baumann TM, Versolato OO, Piest B, Pfeifer T, Ullrich J, Schmidt PO, López-Urrutia JRC. Deceleration, precooling, and multi-pass stopping of highly charged ions in Be⁺ Coulomb crystals. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:103111. [PMID: 26520944 DOI: 10.1063/1.4934245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Preparing highly charged ions (HCIs) in a cold and strongly localized state is of particular interest for frequency metrology and tests of possible spatial and temporal variations of the fine structure constant. Our versatile preparation technique is based on the generic modular combination of a pulsed ion source with a cryogenic linear Paul trap. Both instruments are connected by a compact beamline with deceleration and precooling properties. We present its design and commissioning experiments regarding these two functionalities. A pulsed buncher tube allows for the deceleration and longitudinal phase-space compression of the ion pulses. External injection of slow HCIs, specifically Ar(13+), into the linear Paul trap and their subsequent retrapping in the absence of sympathetic cooling is demonstrated. The latter proved to be a necessary prerequisite for the multi-pass stopping of HCIs in continuously laser-cooled Be(+) Coulomb crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schmöger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T M Baumann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O O Versolato
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Piest
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ullrich
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Nörtershäuser W, Geppert C, Krieger A, Pachucki K, Puchalski M, Blaum K, Bissell ML, Frömmgen N, Hammen M, Kowalska M, Krämer J, Kreim K, Neugart R, Neyens G, Sánchez R, Yordanov DT. Precision Test of Many-Body QED in the Be+ 2p Fine Structure Doublet Using Short-Lived Isotopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:033002. [PMID: 26230786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.033002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Absolute transition frequencies of the 2s 2S{1/2}→2p2P{1/2,3/2} transitions in Be^{+} were measured for the isotopes ^{7,9-12}Be. The fine structure splitting of the 2p state and its isotope dependence are extracted and compared to results of ab initio calculations using explicitly correlated basis functions, including relativistic and quantum electrodynamics effects at the order of mα(6) and mα(7) ln α. Accuracy has been improved in both the theory and experiment by 2 orders of magnitude, and good agreement is observed. This represents one of the most accurate tests of quantum electrodynamics for many-electron systems, being insensitive to nuclear uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Geppert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Puchalski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Klaus Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark L Bissell
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadja Frömmgen
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Hammen
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Krämer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kim Kreim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Neugart
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerda Neyens
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rodolfo Sánchez
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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18
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Volotka AV, Glazov DA, Shabaev VM, Tupitsyn II, Plunien G. Many-electron QED corrections to the g factor of lithiumlike ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:253004. [PMID: 25014810 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.253004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A rigorous QED evaluation of the two-photon exchange corrections to the g factor of lithiumlike ions is presented. The screened self-energy corrections are calculated for the intermediate-Z region, and its accuracy for the high-Z region is essentially improved in comparison with that of previous calculations. As a result, the theoretical accuracy of the g factor of lithiumlike ions is significantly increased. The theoretical prediction obtained for the g factor of (28)Si(11+) g(th) = 2.000 889 892(8) is in an excellent agreement with the corresponding experimental value g(exp) = 2.000 889 889 9(21) [A. Wagner et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 033003 (2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Volotka
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, D-01062 Dresden, Germany and Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Oulianovskaya 1, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Glazov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, D-01062 Dresden, Germany and Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Oulianovskaya 1, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia and Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, NRC Kurchatov Institute, B. Cheremushkinskaya 25, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Shabaev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Oulianovskaya 1, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I I Tupitsyn
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Oulianovskaya 1, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G Plunien
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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