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Liu XF, Matsumoto Y, Fujita T, Ludwig A, Wieck AD, Oiwa A. Accelerated Adiabatic Passage of a Single Electron Spin Qubit in Quantum Dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:027002. [PMID: 38277587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.027002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Adiabatic processes can keep the quantum system in its instantaneous eigenstate, which is robust to noises and dissipation. However, it is limited by sufficiently slow evolution. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the transitionless quantum driving (TLQD) of the shortcuts to adiabaticity in gate-defined semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) to greatly accelerate the conventional adiabatic passage for the first time. For a given efficiency of quantum state transfer, the acceleration can be more than twofold. The dynamic properties also prove that the TLQD can guarantee fast and high-fidelity quantum state transfer. In order to compensate for the diabatic errors caused by dephasing noises, the modified TLQD is proposed and demonstrated in experiment by enlarging the width of the counterdiabatic drivings. The benchmarking shows that the state transfer fidelity of 97.8% can be achieved. This work will greatly promote researches and applications about quantum simulations and adiabatic quantum computation based on the gate-defined QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Liu
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuta Matsumoto
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takafumi Fujita
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Gebäude NB, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Gebäude NB, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Akira Oiwa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Spintronics Research Network Division, OTRI, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Hu RZ, Ma RL, Ni M, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wang K, Luo G, Cao G, Kong ZZ, Wang GL, Li HO, Guo GP. An Operation Guide of Si-MOS Quantum Dots for Spin Qubits. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2486. [PMID: 34684927 PMCID: PMC8540968 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, silicon quantum dots have received considerable attention from academic and industrial communities for research on readout, manipulation, storage, near-neighbor and long-range coupling of spin qubits. In this paper, we introduce how to realize a single spin qubit from Si-MOS quantum dots. First, we introduce the structure of a typical Si-MOS quantum dot and the experimental setup. Then, we show the basic properties of the quantum dot, including charge stability diagram, orbital state, valley state, lever arm, electron temperature, tunneling rate and spin lifetime. After that, we introduce the two most commonly used methods for spin-to-charge conversion, i.e., Elzerman readout and Pauli spin blockade readout. Finally, we discuss the details of how to find the resonance frequency of spin qubits and show the result of coherent manipulation, i.e., Rabi oscillation. The above processes constitute an operation guide for helping the followers enter the field of spin qubits in Si-MOS quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (R.-Z.H.); (R.-L.M.); (M.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (G.-P.G.)
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rong-Long Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (R.-Z.H.); (R.-L.M.); (M.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (G.-P.G.)
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (R.-Z.H.); (R.-L.M.); (M.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (G.-P.G.)
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (R.-Z.H.); (R.-L.M.); (M.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (G.-P.G.)
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (R.-Z.H.); (R.-L.M.); (M.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (G.-P.G.)
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ke Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (R.-Z.H.); (R.-L.M.); (M.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (G.-P.G.)
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (R.-Z.H.); (R.-L.M.); (M.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (G.-P.G.)
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (R.-Z.H.); (R.-L.M.); (M.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (G.-P.G.)
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Kong
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Gui-Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Hai-Ou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (R.-Z.H.); (R.-L.M.); (M.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (G.-P.G.)
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (R.-Z.H.); (R.-L.M.); (M.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (G.-P.G.)
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited, Hefei 230026, China
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Baart TA, Fujita T, Reichl C, Wegscheider W, Vandersypen LMK. Coherent spin-exchange via a quantum mediator. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:26-30. [PMID: 27723732 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coherent interactions at a distance provide a powerful tool for quantum simulation and computation. The most common approach to realize an effective long-distance coupling 'on-chip' is to use a quantum mediator, as has been demonstrated for superconducting qubits and trapped ions. For quantum dot arrays, which combine a high degree of tunability with extremely long coherence times, the experimental demonstration of the time evolution of coherent spin-spin coupling via an intermediary system remains an important outstanding goal. Here, we use a linear triple-quantum-dot array to demonstrate a coherent time evolution of two interacting distant spins via a quantum mediator. The two outer dots are occupied with a single electron spin each, and the spins experience a superexchange interaction through the empty middle dot, which acts as mediator. Using single-shot spin readout, we measure the coherent time evolution of the spin states on the outer dots and observe a characteristic dependence of the exchange frequency as a function of the detuning between the middle and outer dots. This approach may provide a new route for scaling up spin qubit circuits using quantum dots, and aid in the simulation of materials and molecules with non-nearest-neighbour couplings such as MnO (ref. 27), high-temperature superconductors and DNA. The same superexchange concept can also be applied in cold atom experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takafumi Fujita
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Reichl
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Baart TA, Shafiei M, Fujita T, Reichl C, Wegscheider W, Vandersypen LMK. Single-spin CCD. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:330-334. [PMID: 26727201 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spin-based electronics or spintronics relies on the ability to store, transport and manipulate electron spin polarization with great precision. In its ultimate limit, information is stored in the spin state of a single electron, at which point quantum information processing also becomes a possibility. Here, we demonstrate the manipulation, transport and readout of individual electron spins in a linear array of three semiconductor quantum dots. First, we demonstrate single-shot readout of three spins with fidelities of 97% on average, using an approach analogous to the operation of a charge-coupled device (CCD). Next, we perform site-selective control of the three spins, thereby writing the content of each pixel of this 'single-spin charge-coupled device'. Finally, we show that shuttling an electron back and forth in the array hundreds of times, covering a cumulative distance of 80 μm, has negligible influence on its spin projection. Extrapolating these results to the case of much larger arrays points at a diverse range of potential applications, from quantum information to imaging and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Baart
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, GA Delft 2600, The Netherlands
| | - M Shafiei
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, GA Delft 2600, The Netherlands
| | - T Fujita
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, GA Delft 2600, The Netherlands
| | - C Reichl
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - W Wegscheider
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - L M K Vandersypen
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, GA Delft 2600, The Netherlands
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Nichol JM, Harvey SP, Shulman MD, Pal A, Umansky V, Rashba EI, Halperin BI, Yacoby A. Quenching of dynamic nuclear polarization by spin-orbit coupling in GaAs quantum dots. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7682. [PMID: 26184854 PMCID: PMC4518271 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The central-spin problem is a widely studied model of quantum decoherence. Dynamic nuclear polarization occurs in central-spin systems when electronic angular momentum is transferred to nuclear spins and is exploited in quantum information processing for coherent spin manipulation. However, the mechanisms limiting this process remain only partially understood. Here we show that spin–orbit coupling can quench dynamic nuclear polarization in a GaAs quantum dot, because spin conservation is violated in the electron–nuclear system, despite weak spin–orbit coupling in GaAs. Using Landau–Zener sweeps to measure static and dynamic properties of the electron spin–flip probability, we observe that the size of the spin–orbit and hyperfine interactions depends on the magnitude and direction of applied magnetic field. We find that dynamic nuclear polarization is quenched when the spin–orbit contribution exceeds the hyperfine, in agreement with a theoretical model. Our results shed light on the surprisingly strong effect of spin–orbit coupling in central-spin systems. Dynamic nuclear polarization is the transfer of electronic angular momentum to nuclear spins and is a potential route for coherently manipulating spin in quantum information. Here, the authors show that spin–orbit coupling can quench dynamic nuclear polarization in a gallium arsenide quantum dot.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Nichol
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Shannon P Harvey
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Michael D Shulman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Arijeet Pal
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vladimir Umansky
- Braun Center for Submicron Research, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Emmanuel I Rashba
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Bertrand I Halperin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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6
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Ban Y, Chen X. Counter-diabatic driving for fast spin control in a two-electron double quantum dot. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6258. [PMID: 25174453 PMCID: PMC4150114 DOI: 10.1038/srep06258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The techniques of shortcuts to adiabaticity have been proposed to accelerate the "slow" adiabatic processes in various quantum systems with the applications in quantum information processing. In this paper, we study the counter-diabatic driving for fast adiabatic spin manipulation in a two-electron double quantum dot by designing time-dependent electric fields in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. To simplify implementation and find an alternative shortcut, we further transform the Hamiltonian in term of Lie algebra, which allows one to use a single Cartesian component of electric fields. In addition, the relation between energy and time is quantified to show the lower bound for the operation time when the maximum amplitude of electric fields is given. Finally, the fidelity is discussed with respect to noise and systematic errors, which demonstrates that the decoherence effect induced by stochastic environment can be avoided in speeded-up adiabatic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ban
- Department of Electronic Information Materials, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Pawłowski J, Szumniak P, Skubis A, Bednarek S. Electron spin separation without magnetic field. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:345302. [PMID: 25106038 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/34/345302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A nanodevice capable of separating spins of two electrons confined in a quantum dot formed in a gated semiconductor nanowire is proposed. Two electrons confined initially in a single quantum dot in the singlet state are transformed into the system of two electrons confined in two spatially separated quantum dots with opposite spins. In order to separate the electrons' spins we exploit transitions between the singlet and the triplet state, which are induced by resonantly oscillating Rashba spin-orbit coupling strength. The proposed device is all electrically controlled and the electron spin separation can be realized within tens of picoseconds. The results are supported by solving numerically the quasi-one-dimensional time-dependent Schroedinger equation for two electrons, where the electron-electron correlations are taken into account in the exact manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pawłowski
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
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Li R, You JQ, Sun CP, Nori F. Controlling a nanowire spin-orbit qubit via electric-dipole spin resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:086805. [PMID: 24010464 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.086805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A semiconductor nanowire quantum dot with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can be used to achieve a spin-orbit qubit. In contrast to a spin qubit, the spin-orbit qubit can respond to an external ac electric field, an effect called electric-dipole spin resonance. Here we develop a theory that can apply in the strong SOC regime. We find that there is an optimal SOC strength η(opt)=√2/2, where the Rabi frequency induced by the ac electric field becomes maximal. Also, we show that both the level spacing and the Rabi frequency of the spin-orbit qubit have periodic responses to the direction of the external static magnetic field. These responses can be used to determine the SOC in the nanowire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China and Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Srinivasa V, Nowack KC, Shafiei M, Vandersypen LMK, Taylor JM. Simultaneous spin-charge relaxation in double quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:196803. [PMID: 23705734 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.196803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate phonon-induced spin and charge relaxation mediated by spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions for a single electron confined within a double quantum dot. A simple toy model incorporating both direct decay to the ground state of the double dot and indirect decay via an intermediate excited state yields an electron spin relaxation rate that varies nonmonotonically with the detuning between the dots. We confirm this model with experiments performed on a GaAs double dot, demonstrating that the relaxation rate exhibits the expected detuning dependence and can be electrically tuned over several orders of magnitude. Our analysis suggests that spin-orbit mediated relaxation via phonons serves as the dominant mechanism through which the double-dot electron spin-flip rate varies with detuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Srinivasa
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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