1
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Zhang R, Wang W. Perfect optical absorption in a single array of folded graphene ribbons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:44726-44740. [PMID: 36522891 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to its one atom thickness, optical absorption (OA) in graphene is a fundamental and challenging issue. Practically, the patterned graphene-dielectric-metal structure is commonly used to achieve perfect OA (POA). In this work, we propose a novel scenario to solve this issue, in which POA is obtained by using free-standing folded graphene ribbons (FGRs). We show several local resonances, e.g. a dipole state (Mode-I) and a bound state in continuum (BIC, Mode-II), will cause very efficient OA. At normal incidence, by choosing appropriate folding angle θ, 50% absorptance by the two states is easily achieved; at oblique incidence, the two states will result in roughly 98% absorptance as incidence angle φ≈40∘. It is also interesting to see that the system has asymmetric OA spectra, e.g. POA of the former (latter) state existing in reverse (forward) incidence, respectively. Besides the angles θ and φ, POA here can also be actively tuned by electrostatic gating. As increasing Fermi level, POA of Mode-I will undergo a gradual blueshift, while that of Mode-II will experience a rapid blueshift and then be divided into three branches, due to Fano coupling to two guided modes. In reality, the achieved POA is well maintained even the dielectric substrates are used to support FGRs. Our work offers a remarkable scenario to achieve POA, and thus enhance light-matter interaction in graphene, which can build an alternative platform to study novel optical effects in general two-dimensional (2D) materials. The folding, mechanical operation in out-of-plane direction, may emerge as a new degree of freedom for optoelectronic device applications based on 2D materials.
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2
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Mehrnegar MM, Darbari S, Moravvej Farshi MK. Simulating a graphene-based acousto-plasmonic biosensor to eliminate the interference of surrounding medium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:15721-15734. [PMID: 35473286 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of species other than the target biomolecules in the fluidic analyte used in the refractive index biosensor based on the surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) can lead to measurement ambiguity. Using graphene-based acousto-plasmonic biosensors, we propose two methods to eliminate any possible ambiguity in interpreting the measured results. First, we take advantage of the dynamic tunability of graphene SPRs in the acousto-plasmonic biosensor with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) induced uniform grating, performing measurements at different applied voltages. Second, a single measurement employing a similar biosensor but with SAW-induced dual-segment gratings. The numerical results show the capability of both methods in decoupling the effect of the target analyte from the other species in the fluid, enabling interpreting the measurement results with no ambiguity. We also report the results of our numerical investigation on the effect of measuring parameters like the target layer effective refractive index and thickness, and the fluid effective refractive index, in addition to the controlling parameters of the proposed acousto-plasmonic biosensor, including graphene Fermi energy and electrical signaling on the sensing characteristics. Both types of proposed biosensors show promising features for developing the next generation lab-on-a-chip biosensors with minimal cross-sensitivities to non-target biomolecules.
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3
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Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polariton Modes with Double-Layer Gratings of Graphene. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071144. [PMID: 35407262 PMCID: PMC9000374 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A long-range surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waveguide, composed of double-layer graphene, can be pivotal in transferring and handling mid-infrared electromagnetic waves. However, one of the key challenges for this type of waveguide is how to excite the SPP modes through an incident light beam. In this study, our proposed design of a novel grating, consisting of a graphene-based cylindrical long-range SPP waveguide array, successfully addresses this issue using finite-difference time-domain simulations. The results show that two types of symmetric coupling modes (SCMs) are excited through a normal incident light. The transmission characteristics of the two SCMs can be manipulated by changing the interaction of the double-layer gratings of graphene as well as by varying various parameters of the device. Similarly, four SCMs can be excited and controlled by an oblique incident light because this light source is equivalent to two orthogonal beams of light. Furthermore, this grating can be utilized in the fabrication of mid-infrared optical devices, such as filters and refractive index sensors. This grating, with double-layer graphene arrays, has the potential to excite and manipulate the mid-infrared electromagnetic waves in future photonic integrated circuits.
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4
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Nematpour A, Grilli ML, Lancellotti L, Lisi N. Towards Perfect Absorption of Single Layer CVD Graphene in an Optical Resonant Cavity: Challenges and Experimental Achievements. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:352. [PMID: 35009498 PMCID: PMC8745855 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is emerging as a promising material for the integration in the most common Si platform, capable to convey some of its unique properties to fabricate novel photonic and optoelectronic devices. For many real functions and devices however, graphene absorption is too low and must be enhanced. Among strategies, the use of an optical resonant cavity was recently proposed, and graphene absorption enhancement was demonstrated, both, by theoretical and experimental studies. This paper summarizes our recent progress in graphene absorption enhancement by means of Si/SiO2-based Fabry-Perot filters fabricated by radiofrequency sputtering. Simulations and experimental achievements carried out during more than two years of investigations are reported here, detailing the technical expedients that were necessary to increase the single layer CVD graphene absorption first to 39% and then up to 84%. Graphene absorption increased when an asymmetric Fabry-Perot filter was applied rather than a symmetric one, and a further absorption increase was obtained when graphene was embedded in a reflective rather than a transmissive Fabry-Perot filter. Moreover, the effect of the incident angle of the electromagnetic radiation and of the polarization of the light was investigated in the case of the optimized reflective Fabry-Perot filter. Experimental challenges and precautions to avoid evaporation or sputtering induced damage on the graphene layers are described as well, disclosing some experimental procedures that may help other researchers to embed graphene inside PVD grown materials with minimal alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedin Nematpour
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy; (A.N.); (N.L.)
| | - Maria Luisa Grilli
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy; (A.N.); (N.L.)
| | - Laura Lancellotti
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Centre, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Nicola Lisi
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy; (A.N.); (N.L.)
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Gao Z, Shi Y, Li M, Song J, Liu X, Wang X, Yang F. Tunable Extraordinary Optical Transmission with Graphene in Terahertz. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29746-29751. [PMID: 34778646 PMCID: PMC8582032 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tunable extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) with graphene is realized using a novel metallic ring-rod nested structure in the terahertz frequency regime. The generated double-enhanced transmission peaks primarily originate from the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). On using graphene, the resonating surface plasmon distribution changes in the reaction plane, which disturbs the generation of LSPRs. By regulating the Fermi energy (E f) of the graphene to reach a certain level, an adjustment from bimodal EOT to unimodal EOT is obtained. As the E f of the graphene integrated beneath the rod increases to 0.5 eV, the transmittance of the peak at 2.42 THz decreases to 6%. Moreover, the transmission peak at 1.77 THz virtually disappears due to the E f increasing to 0.7 eV when the graphene is placed beneath the ring. The significant tuning capabilities of the bimodal EOT indicate its promising application prospects in frequency-selective surfaces, communication, filtering, and radar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Gao
- School
of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanpeng Shi
- School
of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Meiping Li
- School
of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jinmei Song
- School
of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School
of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Engineering
Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute
of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fuhua Yang
- Engineering
Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute
of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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6
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Javed HMA, Sarfaraz M, Nisar MZ, Qureshi AA, e Alam MF, Que W, Yin X, Abd‐Rabboh HSM, Shahid A, Ahmad MI, Ullah S. Plasmonic Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Fundamentals, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Asif Javed
- Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory School of Electronic & Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Sarfaraz
- Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - M. Zubair Nisar
- Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Akbar Ali Qureshi
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering National University of Sciences & Technology Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60000 Pakistan
| | - M. Fakhar e Alam
- Department of Physics GC University Faisalabad Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Wenxiu Que
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory School of Electronic & Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xingtian Yin
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory School of Electronic & Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Hisham S. M. Abd‐Rabboh
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Arslan Shahid
- Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - M. Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Physics Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and information technology Pakistan
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7
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Tynyshtykbaev KB, Insepov Z. The photoacoustoelectric effect of the SAW amplification in the structure of Graphene-Piezocrystal LiNbO3. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abfd8a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The work presents and analyzes the results of detecting the photoacoustoelectric effect of surface acoustic waves amplification by illumination of a hybrid graphene-LiNbO3 structure. This SAW photoamplification effect is associated with the appearance of an additional photoacoustoelectric current and a decrease of collisional scattering of photoinduced electrons under the action of the SAW electric field. Possible mechanisms of SAW amplification based on the analysis of modern data are discussed. This SAW photoamplification effect can be used to create optoacoustoelectronic devices on a graphene-piezoelectric structures for collecting, amplifying, and detecting superweak sources of THz-radiation photons.
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8
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Li H, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Qin M, Xia S, Wang L. Investigation of acoustic plasmons in vertically stacked metal/dielectric/graphene heterostructures for multiband coherent perfect absorption. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:37577-37589. [PMID: 33379590 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent absorption, as the time-reversed counterpart to laser, has been widely proposed recently to flexibly modulate light-matter interactions in two-dimensional materials. However, the multiband coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in atomically thin materials still has been elusive. We exploit the multiband CPA in vertically stacked metal/dielectric/graphene heterostructures via ultraconfined acoustic plasmons which can reduce the photon wavelength by a factor of about 70 and thus enable multiple-order resonances on a graphene ribbon of finite width. Under the illumination of two counter-propagating coherent beams, the two-stage coupling scheme is used for exciting multispectral acoustic plasmon resonances on the heterostructure simultaneously, thereby contributing to the ultimate multiband CPA in the mid-infrared region. The strong dependence of the nearly linear dispersion of acoustic plasmons on the chemical potential in graphene and the separation between the metal and the graphene allows the tunability in spectral positions of absorption peaks. Intriguingly, the absorption of each resonant peak is continuously tuned by varying the relative amplitude of two counter-propagating beams, and even their phase difference, respectively. The maximum modulation depth of 4.46*105 is observed. The scattering matrix is employed to demonstrate the principle of CPA and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations are used for elucidating the flexible tunability. More importantly, the multiband coherent absorber is robust to the incident angle, and thus undoubtedly benefits extensive applications on optoelectronic and engineering technology areas for modulators and optical switches.
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9
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Cheng Y, Hong H, Zhao H, Wu C, Pan Y, Liu C, Zuo Y, Zhang Z, Xie J, Wang J, Yu D, Ye Y, Meng S, Liu K. Ultrafast Optical Modulation of Harmonic Generation in Two-Dimensional Materials. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8053-8058. [PMID: 33112622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of optical harmonic generation in two-dimensional (2D) materials is of paramount importance in nanophotonic and nano-optoelectronic devices for their applications in optical switching and communication. However, an effective route with ultrafast modulation speed, ultrahigh modulation depth, and broad operation wavelength range is awaiting a full exploration. Here, we report that an optical pump can dynamically modulate the third harmonic generation (THG) of a graphene monolayer with a relative modulation depth above 90% at a time scale of 2.5 ps for a broad frequency ranging from near-infrared to ultraviolet. Our observation, together with the real-time, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) simulations, reveals that this modulation process stems from nonlinear dynamics of the photoexcited carriers in graphene. The superior performance of the nonlinear all-optical modulator based on 2D materials paves the way for its potential applications including nanolasers and optical communication circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunchun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Can Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Yonggang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Xu H, He Z, Chen Z, Nie G, Li H. Optical Fermi level-tuned plasmonic coupling in a grating-assisted graphene nanoribbon system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:25767-25777. [PMID: 32906861 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel graphene-based grating-coupled metamaterial structure is proposed, and the optical response of this structure can be obviously controlled by the Fermi level, which is theoretically regulated by the electric field of an applied voltage. The upper graphene monolayer can be intensely excited with the aid of periodic grating and thus it can be considered a bright mode. Meanwhile, the lower graphene monolayer cannot be directly excited, but it could be indirectly activated by the help of bright mode. The plasmonic polaritons resulting from the light-graphene interaction resonance can lead to a destructive interference effect, leading to a plasmonic induced transparency. This structure has a simple construction and retains the integrity of graphene. In the meantime, it can achieve a good tuning effect by adjusting the voltage regulation of microstructure array and it can obtain an outstanding reflection efficiency. Thus, this graphene-based metamaterial structure with these properties is very suitable for the plasmonic optical reflector. In contacting with the characteristics of material, the group delay of this device can reach to 0.3ps, which can well match the slow light performance. Therefore, the device is expected to make some contribution in optical reflection and slow light devices.
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11
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Guan J, Xia S, Zhang Z, Wu J, Meng H, Yue J, Zhai X, Wang L, Wen S. Two Switchable Plasmonically Induced Transparency Effects in a System with Distinct Graphene Resonators. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:142. [PMID: 32621110 PMCID: PMC7347741 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
General plasmonic systems to realize plasmonically induced transparency (PIT) effect only exist one single PIT mainly because they only allow one single coupling pathway. In this study, we propose a distinct graphene resonator-based system, which is composed of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) coupled with dielectric grating-loaded graphene layer resonators, to achieve two switchable PIT effects. By designing crossed directions of the resonators, the proposed system exists two different PIT effects characterized by different resonant positions and linewidths. These two PIT effects result from two separate and polarization-selective coupling pathways, allowing us to switch the PIT from one to the other by simply changing the polarization direction. Parametric studies are carried to demonstrate the coupling effects whereas the two-particle model is applied to explain the physical mechanism, finding excellent agreements between the numerical and theoretical results. Our proposal can be used to design switchable PIT-based plasmonic devices, such as tunable dual-band sensors and perfect absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Guan
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shengxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Zeyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Haiyu Meng
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jing Yue
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shuangchun Wen
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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12
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Tan T, Jiang X, Wang C, Yao B, Zhang H. 2D Material Optoelectronics for Information Functional Device Applications: Status and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000058. [PMID: 32537415 PMCID: PMC7284198 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and the following derivative 2D materials have been demonstrated to exhibit rich distinct optoelectronic properties, such as broadband optical response, strong and tunable light-mater interactions, and fast relaxations in the flexible nanoscale. Combining with optical platforms like fibers, waveguides, grating, and resonators, these materials has spurred a variety of active and passive applications recently. Herein, the optical and electrical properties of graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXene, and their derivative van der Waals heterostructures are comprehensively reviewed, followed by the design and fabrication of these 2D material-based optical structures in implementation. Next, distinct devices, ranging from lasers to light emitters, frequency convertors, modulators, detectors, plasmonic generators, and sensors, are introduced. Finally, the state-of-art investigation progress of 2D material-based optoelectronics offers a promising way to realize new conceptual and high-performance applications for information science and nanotechnology. The outlook on the development trends and important research directions are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China)School of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China
| | - Xiantao Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Photonic Information TechnologyGuangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)International Collaboration Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Photonic Information TechnologyGuangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)International Collaboration Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China)School of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Photonic Information TechnologyGuangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)International Collaboration Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
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13
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Dias EJC, Yu R, García de Abajo FJ. Thermal manipulation of plasmons in atomically thin films. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:87. [PMID: 32435470 PMCID: PMC7235028 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale photothermal effects enable important applications in cancer therapy, imaging and catalysis. These effects also induce substantial changes in the optical response experienced by the probing light, thus suggesting their application in all-optical modulation. Here, we demonstrate the ability of graphene, thin metal films, and graphene/metal hybrid systems to undergo photothermal optical modulation with depths as large as >70% over a wide spectral range extending from the visible to the terahertz frequency domains. We envision the use of ultrafast pump laser pulses to raise the electron temperature of graphene during a picosecond timescale in which its mid-infrared plasmon resonances undergo dramatic shifts and broadenings, while visible and near-infrared plasmons in the neighboring metal films are severely attenuated by the presence of hot graphene electrons. Our study opens a promising avenue toward the active photothermal manipulation of the optical response in atomically thin materials with potential applications in ultrafast light modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J. C. Dias
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Renwen Yu
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Sun F, Liu Y, He S. Surface transformation multi-physics for controlling electromagnetic and acoustic waves simultaneously. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:94-106. [PMID: 32118943 DOI: 10.1364/oe.379817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A multi-physics null medium that performs as a perfect endoscope for both electromagnetic and acoustic waves is designed by transformation optics, which opens a new way to control electromagnetic and acoustic waves simultaneously. Surface transformation multi-physics, which is a novel graphical method to design multi-physics devices, is proposed based on the directional projecting feature of a multi-physics null medium. Many multi-physics devices, including beam shifters, scattering reduction, imaging devices and beam steering devices, for both electromagnetic and acoustic waves can be simply designed in a surface-corresponding manner. All devices designed by surface transformation multi-physics only need one homogeneous anisotropic medium (null medium) to realize, which can be approximately implemented by a brass plate array without any artificial sub-wavelength structures. Numerical simulations are given to verify the performances of the designed multi-physics devices made of brass plate array.
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Jin S, Wang X, Han P, Sun W, Feng S, Ye J, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Modulation of terahertz radiation from graphene surface plasmon polaritons via surface acoustic wave. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:11137-11151. [PMID: 31052962 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of terahertz (THz) radiation induced by surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a graphene layer under modulation by a surface acoustic wave (SAW). In our gedanken experiment, SPPs are excited by an electron beam moving on a graphene layer situated on a piezoelectric MoS2 flake. Under modulation by the SAW field, charge carriers are periodically distributed over the MoS2 flake, and this causes periodically distributed permittivity. The periodic permittivity structure of the MoS2 flake folds the SPP dispersion curve back into the center of the first Brillouin zone, in a manner analogous to a crystal, leading to THz radiation emission with conservation of the wavevectors between the SPPs and the electromagnetic waves. Both the frequency and the intensity of the THz radiation are tuned by adjusting the chemical potential of the graphene layer, the MoS2 flake doping density, and the wavelength and period of the external SAW field. A maximum energy conversion efficiency as high as ninety percent was obtained from our model calculations. These results indicate an opportunity to develop highly tunable and integratable THz sources based on graphene devices.
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Chen Y, Dong Z, Wang B, Jiang Z, Wang X. The photoelectric response of the graphene/GeSi QDs hybrid structure. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:504005. [PMID: 30247147 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae3c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the photoelectric response properties of the graphene/GeSi QDs hybrid structure were demonstrated by measuring the I-V curve, and the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE). The maximal on-off ratio of the current value reaches 1500 at 10 K, due to the competition between the carrier freeze-out effect and the recombination center effect. The IPCE of the hybrid structure under different incident light indicated that the photoelectric response of hybrid structure is most sensitive to the ultraviolet light (325 nm), which is attributed to the enhanced ultraviolet absorption of graphene surface plasmon in the hybrid structure. Hence, our results represent that the graphene/GeSi QDs hybrid structure has potential application as a novel ultraviolet photoelectric device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Chen
- No.50 Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shanghai, 200331, People's Republic of China. State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Kang P, Kim KH, Park HG, Nam S. Mechanically reconfigurable architectured graphene for tunable plasmonic resonances. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:17. [PMID: 30839518 PMCID: PMC6106979 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanostructures with complex geometries have been widely explored for plasmonic applications, as their plasmonic resonances exhibit high spatial confinement and gate tunability. However, edge effects in graphene and the narrow range over which plasmonic resonances can be tuned have limited the use of graphene in optical and optoelectronic applications. Here we present a novel approach to achieve mechanically reconfigurable and strongly resonant plasmonic structures based on crumpled graphene. Our calculations show that mechanical reconfiguration of crumpled graphene structures enables broad spectral tunability for plasmonic resonances from mid- to near-infrared, acting as a new tuning knob combined with conventional electrostatic gating. Furthermore, a continuous sheet of crumpled graphene shows strong confinement of plasmons, with a high near-field intensity enhancement of ~1 × 104. Finally, decay rates for a dipole emitter are significantly enhanced in the proximity of finite-area biaxially crumpled graphene flakes. Our findings indicate that crumpled graphene provides a platform to engineer graphene-based plasmonics through broadband manipulation of strong plasmonic resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilgyu Kang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
| | - Kyoung-Ho Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - SungWoo Nam
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Aznavourian R, Puvirajesinghe TM, Brûlé S, Enoch S, Guenneau S. Spanning the scales of mechanical metamaterials using time domain simulations in transformed crystals, graphene flakes and structured soils. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:433004. [PMID: 28742059 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa81ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We begin with a brief historical survey of discoveries of quasi-crystals and graphene, and then introduce the concept of transformation crystallography, which consists of the application of geometric transforms to periodic structures. We consider motifs with three-fold, four-fold and six-fold symmetries according to the crystallographic restriction theorem. Furthermore, we define motifs with five-fold symmetry such as quasi-crystals generated by a cut-and-projection method from periodic structures in higher-dimensional space. We analyze elastic wave propagation in the transformed crystals and (Penrose-type) quasi-crystals with the finite difference time domain freeware SimSonic. We consider geometric transforms underpinning the design of seismic cloaks with square, circular, elliptical and peanut shapes in the context of honeycomb crystals that can be viewed as scaled-up versions of graphene. Interestingly, the use of morphing techniques leads to the design of cloaks with interpolated geometries reminiscent of Victor Vasarely's artwork. Employing the case of transformed graphene-like (honeycomb) structures allows one to draw useful analogies between large-scale seismic metamaterials such as soils structured with columns of concrete or grout with soil and nanoscale biochemical metamaterials. We further identify similarities in designs of cloaks for elastodynamic and hydrodynamic waves and cloaks for diffusion (heat or mass) processes, as these are underpinned by geometric transforms. Experimental data extracted from field test analysis of soil structured with boreholes demonstrates the application of crystallography to large scale phononic crystals, coined as seismic metamaterials, as they might exhibit low frequency stop bands. This brings us to the outlook of mechanical metamaterials, with control of phonon emission in graphene through extreme anisotropy, attenuation of vibrations of suspension bridges via low frequency stop bands and the concept of transformed meta-cities. We conclude that these novel materials hold strong applications spanning different disciplines or across different scales from biophysics to geophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Aznavourian
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, Aix-Marseille Université, 13013 Marseille, France
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Badalyan SM, Shylau AA, Jauho AP. Plasmons in Dimensionally Mismatched Coulomb Coupled Graphene Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:126801. [PMID: 29341655 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.126801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the plasmon dispersion relation for Coulomb coupled metallic armchair graphene nanoribbons and doped monolayer graphene. The crossing of the plasmon curves, which occurs for uncoupled 1D and 2D systems, is split by the interlayer Coulomb coupling into a lower and an upper plasmon branch. The upper branch exhibits an unusual behavior with end points at finite q. Accordingly, the structure factor shows either a single or a double peak behavior, depending on the plasmon wavelength. The new plasmon structure is relevant to recent experiments, its properties can be controlled by varying the system parameters and be used in plasmonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Badalyan
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A A Shylau
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A P Jauho
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Khokhlov N, Knyazev G, Glavin B, Shtykov Y, Romanov O, Belotelov V. Interaction of surface plasmon polaritons and acoustic waves inside an acoustic cavity. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3558-3561. [PMID: 28914901 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we introduce an approach for manipulation of active plasmon polaritons via acoustic waves at sub-terahertz frequency range. The acoustic structures considered are designed as phononic Fabry-Perot microresonators where mirrors are presented with an acoustic superlattice and the structure's surface, and a plasmonic grating is placed on top of the acoustic cavity so formed. It provides phonon localization in the vicinity of the plasmonic grating at frequencies within the phononic stop band enhancing phonon-light interaction. We consider phonon excitation by shining a femtosecond laser pulse on the plasmonic grating. Appropriate theoretical model was used to describe the acoustic process caused by the pump laser pulse in the GaAs/AlAs-based acoustic cavity with a gold grating on top. Strongest modulation is achieved upon excitation of propagating surface plasmon polaritons and hybridization of propagating and localized plasmons. The relative changes in the optical reflectivity of the structure are more than an order of magnitude higher than for the structure without the plasmonic film.
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Basov DN, Fogler MM, García de Abajo FJ. Polaritons in van der Waals materials. Science 2017; 354:354/6309/aag1992. [PMID: 27738142 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D N Basov
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - M M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - F J García de Abajo
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Jang YH, Jang YJ, Kim S, Quan LN, Chung K, Kim DH. Plasmonic Solar Cells: From Rational Design to Mechanism Overview. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14982-15034. [PMID: 28027647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic effects have been proposed as a solution to overcome the limited light absorption in thin-film photovoltaic devices, and various types of plasmonic solar cells have been developed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art progress on the design and fabrication of plasmonic solar cells and their enhancement mechanism. The working principle is first addressed in terms of the combined effects of plasmon decay, scattering, near-field enhancement, and plasmonic energy transfer, including direct hot electron transfer and resonant energy transfer. Then, we summarize recent developments for various types of plasmonic solar cells based on silicon, dye-sensitized, organic photovoltaic, and other types of solar cells, including quantum dot and perovskite variants. We also address several issues regarding the limitations of plasmonic nanostructures, including their electrical, chemical, and physical stability, charge recombination, narrowband absorption, and high cost. Next, we propose a few potentially useful approaches that can improve the performance of plasmonic cells, such as the inclusion of graphene plasmonics, plasmon-upconversion coupling, and coupling between fluorescence resonance energy transfer and plasmon resonance energy transfer. This review is concluded with remarks on future prospects for plasmonic solar cell use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Na Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwha Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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23
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Nezhad VF, Haddadpour A, Veronis G. Tunable spatial mode converters and optical diodes for graphene parallel plate waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:23883-23897. [PMID: 27828223 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.023883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce compact tunable spatial mode converters between the even and odd modes of graphene parallel plate (GPP) waveguides. The converters are reciprocal and are based on spatial modulation of graphene's conductivity. We show that the wavelength of operation of the mode converters can be tuned in the mid-infrared wavelength range by adjusting the chemical potential of a strip on one of the graphene layers of the GPP waveguides. We also introduce optical diodes for GPP waveguides based on a spatial mode converter and a coupler, which consists of a single layer of graphene placed in the middle between the two plates of two GPP waveguides. We find that for both the spatial mode converter and the optical diode the device functionality is preserved in the presence of loss.
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24
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Zhao T, Hu M, Zhong R, Chen X, Zhang P, Gong S, Zhang C, Liu S. Plasmon modes of circular cylindrical double-layer graphene. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:20461-20471. [PMID: 27607651 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a theoretical investigation on plasmon modes in a circular cylindrical double-layer graphene structure is presented. Due to the interlayer electromagnetic interaction, there exist two branches of plasmon modes, the optical plasmon mode and the acoustic plasmon mode. The characteristics of these two modes, such as mode pattern, effective mode index and propagation loss, are analyzed. The modal behaviors can be effectively tuned by changing the distance between two graphene layers, the chemical potential of graphene and the permittivity of interlayer dielectric. Importantly, the breakup of tradeoff between mode confinement and propagation loss is discovered in the distance-dependent modal behavior, which originates from the unique dispersion properties of a double-layer graphene system. As a consequence, both strong mode confinement and longer propagation length can be achieved. Our results may provide good opportunities for developing applications based on graphene plasmonics in circular cylindrical structure.
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25
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Xia SX, Zhai X, Wang LL, Sun B, Liu JQ, Wen SC. Dynamically tunable plasmonically induced transparency in sinusoidally curved and planar graphene layers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:17886-17899. [PMID: 27505756 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.017886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To achieve plasmonically induced transparency (PIT), general near-field plasmonic systems based on couplings between localized plasmon resonances of nanostructures rely heavily on the well-designed interantenna separations. However, the implementation of such devices and techniques encounters great difficulties mainly to due to very small sized dimensions of the nanostructures and gaps between them. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate that PIT can be achieved by using two graphene layers that are composed of a upper sinusoidally curved layer and a lower planar layer, avoiding any pattern of the graphene sheets. Both the analytical fitting and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) method are employed efficiently to distinguish the induced window, which is found to be more likely caused by Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) instead of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Besides, our results show that the resonant modes cannot only be tuned dramatically by geometrically changing the grating amplitude and the interlayer spacing, but also by dynamically varying the Fermi energy of the graphene sheets. Potential applications of the proposed system could be expected on various photonic functional devices, including optical switches, plasmonic sensors.
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26
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Wang W, Li BH, Stassen E, Mortensen NA, Christensen J. Localized surface plasmons in vibrating graphene nanodisks. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3809-3815. [PMID: 26815600 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08812g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmons are confined collective oscillations of electrons in metallic nanoparticles. When driven by light, the optical response is dictated by geometrical parameters and the dielectric environment and plasmons are therefore extremely important for sensing applications. Plasmons in graphene disks have the additional benefit of being highly tunable via electrical stimulation. Mechanical vibrations create structural deformations in ways where the excitation of localized surface plasmons can be strongly modulated. We show that the spectral shift in such a scenario is determined by a complex interplay between the symmetry and shape of the modal vibrations and the plasmonic mode pattern. Tuning confined modes of light in graphene via acoustic excitations, paves new avenues in shaping the sensitivity of plasmonic detectors, and in the enhancement of the interaction with optical emitters, such as molecules, for future nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wang
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Xia SX, Zhai X, Wang LL, Lin Q, Wen SC. Excitation of crest and trough surface plasmon modes in in-plane bended graphene nanoribbons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:427-436. [PMID: 26832273 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To achieve efficiently coupling to external light is still remaining an insurmountable challenge that graphene faces before it can play an irreplaceable role in the plasmonic field. Here, this difficulty is overcome by a scheme capable of exciting graphene surface plasmons (GSPs) in in-plane bended gratings that are formed by elastic vibrations of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). The gratings enable the light polarized perpendicularly to the GNRs to two kinds of GSP modes, of which the field concentrations are within the grating crest (crest mode, C-M) and trough (trough mode, T-M), respectively. These two kinds of modes will individually cause notches in the transmission spectrum and permit fast off-on switching and tuning of their excitation dynamically (elastic vibration, Fermi energy) and geometrically (ribbon width). The performance of this device is analyzed by finite-difference time-domain simulations, which demonstrates a good agreement with the quasi-static analysis theory. The proposed concept expands our understanding of plasmons in GNRs and offers a platform for realizing of 2D graphene plasmonic devices with broadband operations and multichannel modulations.
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Zhu B, Ren G, Gao Y, Wu B, Wan C, Jian S. Graphene circular polarization analyzer based on unidirectional excitation of plasmons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:32420-32428. [PMID: 26699031 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.032420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we propose a method of unidirectional excitation of graphene plasmons via metal nanoantenna arrays and reveal its application in a circular polarization analyzer. For nanoantenna pairs with orthogonal orientations, the graphene plasmons are excited through antenna resonances with the direction of propagation can be controlled by incident polarization. On the other hand, based on the spiral shape distribution of antenna arrays, a circular polarization analyzer can be obtained via the interaction of geometric phase effect of antenna arrays and the chirality carried by incident polarization. By utilizing the unidirectional excitation of plasmons, the extinction ratio of analyzer can be improved to over 103, which is at least an order of magnitude larger than the result of antenna pairs with same orientations or antenna arrays with closed circular shape formation. The proposed analyzer may find applications in analyzing chiral molecules using different circularly polarized waves.
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Zhu B, Ren G, Gao Y, Wu B, Wan C, Jian S. Graphene circular polarization analyzer based on spiral metal triangle antennas arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:24730-24737. [PMID: 26406674 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.024730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we propose a circular polarization analyzer based on spiral metal triangle antenna arrays deposited on graphene. Via the dipole antenna resonances, plasmons are excited on graphene surface and the wavefront can be tailed by arranging metal antennas into linetype, circular or spiral arrays. Especially, for spiral antenna arrays, the geometric phase effect can be cancelled by or superposed on the chirality carried within circular polarization incidence, producing spatially separated solid dot or donut shape fields at the center. Such a phenomenon enables the graphene based spiral metal triangle antennas arrays to achieve functionality as a circular polarization analyzer. Extinction ratio over 550 can be achieved and the working wavelength can be tuned by adjusting graphene Fermi level dynamically. The proposed analyzer may find applications in analyzing chiral molecules using different circularly polarized waves.
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30
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Chen PY, Farhat M, Bağcı H. Graphene metascreen for designing compact infrared absorbers with enhanced bandwidth. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:164002. [PMID: 25824491 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/16/164002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a compact, wideband terahertz and infrared absorber, comprising a patterned graphene sheet on a thin metal-backed dielectric slab. This graphene-based nanostructure can achieve a low or negative effective permeability, necessary for realizing the perfect absorption. The dual-reactive property found in both the plasmonic graphene sheet and the grounded high-permittivity slab introduces extra poles into the equivalent circuit model of the system, thereby resulting in a dual-band or broadband magnetic resonance that enhances the absorption bandwidth. More interestingly, the two-dimensional patterned graphene sheet significantly simplifies the design and fabrication processes for achieving resonant magnetic response, and allows the frequency-reconfigurable operation via electrostatic gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Yen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Tao J, Dong Z, Yang JKW, Wang QJ. Plasmon excitation on flat graphene by s-polarized beams using four-wave mixing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:7809-7819. [PMID: 25837120 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene plasmons have received significant attention recently due to its attractive properties such as high spatial confinement and tunability. However, exciting plasmons on graphene effectively still remains a challenge owing to the large wave-vector mismatch between the optical beam in air and graphene plasmon. In this paper, we present a novel scheme capable of exciting graphene surface plasmons (GSPs) on a flat suspended graphene by using only s-polarized optical beams through four-wave mixing (FWM) process, where the GSPs fields were derived analytically based on the Green's function analysis, under the basis of momentum conservation. By incorporating the merits of nonlinear optics, the presented scheme avoids any patterning of either graphene or substrate. We believe that the proposed scheme potentially paves the way towards an efficient pure optical excitation, switching and modulation of GSPs for realizing graphene-based nano-photonic and optoelectronic integrated circuits.
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32
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Liu F, Qian C, Chong YD. Directional excitation of graphene surface plasmons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:2383-91. [PMID: 25836106 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.002383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to directionally couple light into graphene plasmons by placing a graphene sheet on a magneto-optical substrate. When a magnetic field is applied parallel to the surface, the graphene plasmon dispersion relation becomes asymmetric in the forward and backward directions. It is possible to achieve unidirectional excitation of graphene plasmons with normally incident illumination by applying a grating to the substrate. The directionality can be actively controlled by electrically gating the graphene, or by varying the magnetic bias. This scheme may have applications in graphene-based opto-electronics and sensing.
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Sun Y, Qiao G, Sun G. Direct generation of graphene plasmonic polaritons at THz frequencies via four wave mixing in the hybrid graphene sheets waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:27880-27891. [PMID: 25402030 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.027880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A compact waveguide incorporating a high-index nano-ridge sandwiched between graphene sheets is proposed for the direct generation of graphene plasmonic polaritons (GSPs) via four wave mixing (FWM). The proposed waveguide supports GSP modes at the THz frequencies and photonic modes at the infrared wavelengths. Due to the strong confinement of coupled graphene sheets, the GSP modes concentrate in the high-index nano-ridge far below the diffraction limit, which improves integral overlap with the photonic modes and greatly facilitates the FWM process. To cope with the ultra-high effective refractive of the GSP modes, an alternative energy conservation diagram is selected for the degenerated FWM, which corresponds to one pump photon transfers its energy to two signal photons and one GSP photon. The single mode condition of the generated symmetric GSP modes is analyzed by the effective index method to suppress the undesired conversion. Due to the unique tunability of GSPs, the phase matching condition can be satisfied by tuning the chemical potential of the graphene sheets employing external gates. The FWM pumped at 1,550 nm with a peak power of 1 kW is theoretically investigated by solving the modified coupled mode equations. The generated GSP power reaches its maximum up to 67 W at a propagation distance of only 43.7 μm. The proposed waveguide have a great potential for integrated chip-scale GSP source.
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Qin C, Wang B, Huang H, Long H, Wang K, Lu P. Low-loss plasmonic supermodes in graphene multilayers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:25324-25332. [PMID: 25401566 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.025324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the supermodes in arbitrary layers of graphene sheets, which are collective guided modes formed by coupling of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in each graphene sheet. In terms of the dispersion relation, we analyse the effective indexes and mode profiles of the supermodes. Numerical simulations reveal that the supermodes can be well approximated by linear superposition of SPPs in individual graphene sheets. Among all the possible supermodes, there is an interesting one possessing both lowest propagation loss and shortest mode wavelength. The loss of the supermode decreases as the number of layers increases and saturates at about 5 layers. The graphene multilayers may find potential applications in low-loss plasmonic waveguides and so constructed optical devices.
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Tang L, Du J, Du C, Zhu P, Shi H. Scaling phenomenon of graphene surface plasmon modes in grating-spacer-graphene hybrid systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:20214-20222. [PMID: 25321231 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the excitations of graphene surface plasmon waves in grating-spacer-graphene hybrid systems. It is demonstrated that the resonant absorption rate is scaling invariant as the geometric parameters of the hybrid system are scaled, and this phenomenon is nearly unaffected by the dispersions of the optical parameters of graphene and the grating material. We present an analytical model to calculate the absorption rate and elucidate that the scaling invariant phenomenon originates from the scalabilities of the graphene surface plasmon modes. This study could benefit the development of graphene plasmonic devices at infrared and terahertz frequencies.
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Terahertz Optoelectronic Property of Graphene: Substrate-Induced Effects on Plasmonic Characteristics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/app4010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schiefele J, Pedrós J, Sols F, Calle F, Guinea F. Coupling light into graphene plasmons through surface acoustic waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:237405. [PMID: 24476304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.237405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for coupling laser light into graphene plasmons with the help of electrically generated surface acoustic waves. The surface acoustic wave forms a diffraction grating which allows us to excite the long lived phononlike branch of the hybridized graphene plasmon-phonon dispersion with infrared laser light. Our approach avoids patterning the graphene sheet, does not rely on complicated optical near-field techniques, and allows us to electrically switch the coupling between far-field radiation and propagating graphene plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Schiefele
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pedrós
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain and Campus de Excelencia Internacional, Campus Moncloa UCM-UPM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Sols
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain and Campus de Excelencia Internacional, Campus Moncloa UCM-UPM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Calle
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain and Campus de Excelencia Internacional, Campus Moncloa UCM-UPM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Guinea
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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