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Xiao Y, Zhong Y, Luo Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu G, Yu J. Near-infrared tunable surface plasmon resonance sensors based on graphene plasmons via electrostatic gating control. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37559-37567. [PMID: 35496388 PMCID: PMC9043794 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06807e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A tunable near-infrared surface plasmon resonance sensor based on graphene plasmons via electrostatic gating control is investigated theoretically. Instead of the traditional refractive index sensing, the sensor can respond sensitively to the change of the chemical potential in graphene caused by the attachment of the analyte molecules. This feature can be potentially used for biological sensing with high sensitivity and high specificity. Theoretical calculations show that the chemical potential sensing sensitivities under wavelength interrogation patterns are 1.5, 2.21, 3, 3.79, 4.64 nm meV-1 at different wavebands with centre wavelengths of 1100, 1310, 1550, 1700, 1900 nm respectively, and the full width half maximum (FWHM) is also evaluated to be 10, 25.5, 43, 55.5, 77 nm at these different wavebands respectively. It can be estimated that the theoretical limit of detection (LOD) in DNA sensing of the proposed sensor can reach the femtomolar level, several orders of magnitude superior to that of noble metal-based SPR sensors (nanomolar or subnanomolar scale), and is comparable to that of noble metal-based SPR sensors with graphene/Au-NPs as a sensitivity enhancement strategy. The FWHM is much smaller than that of the noble metal-based SPR sensors, making the proposed sensor have a potentially higher figure of merit (FOM). This work provides a new way of thinking to detect in an SPR manner the analyte that can cause chemical potential change in graphene and provides a beneficial complement to refractive index sensing SPR sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Yongchun Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Yaofei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Guishi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Jianhui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
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2
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Delacrétaz LV, Glorioso P. Breakdown of Diffusion on Chiral Edges. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:236802. [PMID: 32603169 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.236802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that dirty quantum Hall systems exhibit large hydrodynamic fluctuations at their edge that lead to anomalously damped charge excitations in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class ω≃ck-iDk^{3/2}. The dissipative optical conductivity of the edge is singular at low frequencies σ(ω)∼1/ω^{1/3}. These results are direct consequences of the charge continuity relation, the chiral anomaly, and thermalization on the edge-in particular translation invariance is not assumed. Diffusion of heat similarly breaks down, with a universality class that depends on whether the bulk thermal Hall conductivity vanishes. We further establish the theory of fluctuating hydrodynamics for surface chiral metals, where charge fluctuations give logarithmic corrections to transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca V Delacrétaz
- Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Paolo Glorioso
- Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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3
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Jin D, Xia Y, Christensen T, Freeman M, Wang S, Fong KY, Gardner GC, Fallahi S, Hu Q, Wang Y, Engel L, Xiao ZL, Manfra MJ, Fang NX, Zhang X. Topological kink plasmons on magnetic-domain boundaries. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4565. [PMID: 31594922 PMCID: PMC6783483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional topological materials bearing time reversal-breaking magnetic fields support protected one-way edge modes. Normally, these edge modes adhere to physical edges where material properties change abruptly. However, even in homogeneous materials, topology still permits a unique form of edge modes – kink modes – residing at the domain boundaries of magnetic fields within the materials. This scenario, despite being predicted in theory, has rarely been demonstrated experimentally. Here, we report our observation of topologically-protected high-frequency kink modes – kink magnetoplasmons (KMPs) – in a GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system. These KMPs arise at a domain boundary projected from an externally-patterned magnetic field onto a uniform 2DEG. They propagate unidirectionally along the boundary, protected by a difference of gap Chern numbers (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm1$$\end{document}±1) in the two domains. They exhibit large tunability under an applied magnetic field or gate voltage, and clear signatures of nonreciprocity even under weak-coupling to evanescent photons. Topological kink modes are peculiar edge excitations that take place at domain boundaries of magnetic fields inside homogeneous materials. Here, the authors experimentally observe kink magnetoplasmons in a 2D electron gas using custom-shaped strong permanent magnets on top of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Jin
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA.,Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - Thomas Christensen
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Freeman
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Siqi Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - King Yan Fong
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gardner
- Microsoft Quantum Purdue and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Saeed Fallahi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - Lloyd Engel
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Zhi-Li Xiao
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Michael J Manfra
- Microsoft Quantum Purdue, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Schools of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nicholas X Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA. .,Faculties of Sciences and Engineering University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR, China.
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4
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Mokkath JH. Optical properties of pyridine adsorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using quantum chemical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 21:448-454. [PMID: 30534789 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06744a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the molecular version of graphene, having edges saturated with hydrogen atoms, have recently emerged as a novel nanoplasmonic material. In this work, we investigate the optical properties of pristine and pyridine adsorbed circular and triangular PAHs. We base our calculations on computationally efficient first-principles time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. We find substantial changes in the optical absorption spectra induced by the presence of the pyridine molecule. In addition, with the help of electron difference density (EDD) maps, we demonstrate a strong optical interaction between PAHs and pyridine molecules. The main effect of pyridine adsorption is to split the plasmon band and to redistribute the optical absorption in a wider energy range. We believe that our findings can help in the design of novel plasmonic devices having PAHs as basic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junais Habeeb Mokkath
- Department of Physics, Kuwait College of Science And Technology, Doha Area, 7th Ring Road, P.O. Box 27235, Kuwait.
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5
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Mahoney AC, Colless JI, Peeters L, Pauka SJ, Fox EJ, Kou X, Pan L, Wang KL, Goldhaber-Gordon D, Reilly DJ. Zero-field edge plasmons in a magnetic topological insulator. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1836. [PMID: 29184065 PMCID: PMC5705665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporating ferromagnetic dopants into three-dimensional topological insulator thin films has recently led to the realisation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect. These materials are of great interest since they may support electrical currents that flow without resistance, even at zero magnetic field. To date, the quantum anomalous Hall effect has been investigated using low-frequency transport measurements. However, transport results can be difficult to interpret due to the presence of parallel conductive paths, or because additional non-chiral edge channels may exist. Here we move beyond transport measurements by probing the microwave response of a magnetised disk of Cr-(Bi,Sb)2Te3. We identify features associated with chiral edge plasmons, a signature that robust edge channels are intrinsic to this material system. Our results provide a measure of the velocity of edge excitations without contacting the sample, and pave the way for an on-chip circuit element of practical importance: the zero-field microwave circulator. Direct measurement of edge transport in the quantum anomalous Hall effect can be made difficult due to the presence of parallel conductive paths. Here, Mahoney et al. report features associated with chiral edge plasmons, a signature of robust edge states, by probing the zero-field microwave response of a magnetised disk of Cr-(Bi,Sb)2Te3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Mahoney
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - James I Colless
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lucas Peeters
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sebastian J Pauka
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Eli J Fox
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Xufeng Kou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kang L Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David Goldhaber-Gordon
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - David J Reilly
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Microsoft Station Q Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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6
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Jin D, Lu L, Wang Z, Fang C, Joannopoulos JD, Soljačić M, Fu L, Fang NX. Topological magnetoplasmon. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13486. [PMID: 27892453 PMCID: PMC5148233 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical wave fields are real-valued, ensuring the wave states at opposite frequencies and momenta to be inherently identical. Such a particle–hole symmetry can open up new possibilities for topological phenomena in classical systems. Here we show that the historically studied two-dimensional (2D) magnetoplasmon, which bears gapped bulk states and gapless one-way edge states near-zero frequency, is topologically analogous to the 2D topological p+ip superconductor with chiral Majorana edge states and zero modes. We further predict a new type of one-way edge magnetoplasmon at the interface of opposite magnetic domains, and demonstrate the existence of zero-frequency modes bounded at the peripheries of a hollow disk. These findings can be readily verified in experiment, and can greatly enrich the topological phases in bosonic and classical systems. The two dimensional magnetoplasmon edge state has been observed for a long time, but its nature is yet to be uncovered. Here, Jin et al. report that such a state is actually topological protected, analogous to the chiral Majorana edge state in a p-wave topological superconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ling Lu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing 100190, China.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing 100190, China.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - John D Joannopoulos
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Marin Soljačić
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Liang Fu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas X Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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7
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Principi A, Katsnelson MI, Vignale G. Edge Plasmons in Two-Component Electron Liquids in the Presence of Pseudomagnetic Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:196803. [PMID: 27858434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.196803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the properties of edge plasmons in two-component electron liquids in the presence of pseudomagnetic fields, which have opposite signs for the two different electronic populations and therefore preserve the time-reversal symmetry. The physical realizations of such systems are many. We discuss the case of strained graphene, solving the problem with the Wiener-Hopf technique. We show (i) that two charged counterpropagating acoustic edge modes exist at the boundary and (ii) that, in the limit of large pseudomagnetic fields, each of them involves oscillations of only one of the two electronic components. We suggest that the edge pseudomagnetoplasmons of graphene can be used to selectively address the electrons of one specific valley, a feature relevant for the emerging field of valleytronics. Our solution highlights new features missing in previous (similar) results obtained with uncontrolled approximations, namely a logarithmic divergence of the plasmon velocity, and the absence of gapped edge modes inside the bulk-plasmon gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Principi
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mikhail I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Vignale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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