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Vijayan J, Piotrowski J, Gonzalez-Ballestero C, Weber K, Romero-Isart O, Novotny L. Cavity-mediated long-range interactions in levitated optomechanics. NATURE PHYSICS 2024; 20:859-864. [PMID: 38799980 PMCID: PMC11116115 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability to engineer cavity-mediated interactions has emerged as a powerful tool for the generation of non-local correlations and the investigation of non-equilibrium phenomena in many-body systems. Levitated optomechanical systems have recently entered the multiparticle regime, which promises the use of arrays of strongly coupled massive oscillators to explore complex interacting systems and sensing. Here we demonstrate programmable cavity-mediated interactions between nanoparticles in vacuum by combining advances in multiparticle optical levitation and cavity-based quantum control. The interaction is mediated by photons scattered by spatially separated particles in a cavity, resulting in strong coupling that is long-range in nature. We investigate the scaling of the interaction strength with cavity detuning and interparticle separation and demonstrate the tunability of interactions between different mechanical modes. Our work will enable the exploration of many-body effects in nanoparticle arrays with programmable cavity-mediated interactions, generating entanglement of motion, and the use of interacting particle arrays for optomechanical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayadev Vijayan
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Photon Science Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Johannes Piotrowski
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Gonzalez-Ballestero
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Present Address: Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Weber
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Romero-Isart
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Feng LJ, Ni J, Gong SQ. Photon blockade induced by two-photon absorption in cavity quantum electrodynamics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:5117-5130. [PMID: 38439246 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Photon blockade (PB) is an important quantum phenomenon in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). Here, we investigate the PB effect in the simplest cavity QED systems (one cavity containing first a single atom and then two atoms), where only the atoms are weakly driven. Via the analytical calculation and numerical simulation, we show that the strong PB can be generated even with the weak-coupling regime at the total resonance. This blockade is ascribed to the two-photon absorption, which is fundamentally different from the conventional and unconventional blockade mechanisms. Therefore, our study provides an alternative approach to produce the PB in the atom-driven cavity QED system.
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3
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Yan Z, Ho J, Lu YH, Masson SJ, Asenjo-Garcia A, Stamper-Kurn DM. Superradiant and Subradiant Cavity Scattering by Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:253603. [PMID: 38181363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.253603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We realize collective enhancement and suppression of light scattered by an array of tweezer-trapped ^{87}Rb atoms positioned within a strongly coupled Fabry-Pérot optical cavity. We illuminate the array with light directed transverse to the cavity axis, in the low saturation regime, and detect photons scattered into the cavity. For an array with integer-optical-wavelength spacing each atom scatters light into the cavity with nearly identical scattering amplitude, leading to an observed N^{2} scaling of cavity photon number as the atom number increases stepwise from N=1 to N=8. By contrast, for an array with half-integer-wavelength spacing, destructive interference of scattering amplitudes yields a nonmonotonic, subradiant cavity intensity versus N. By analyzing the polarization of light emitted from the cavity, we find that Rayleigh scattering can be collectively enhanced or suppressed with respect to Raman scattering. We observe also that atom-induced shifts and broadenings of the cavity resonance are precisely tuned by varying the atom number and positions. Altogether, tweezer arrays provide exquisite control of atomic cavity QED spanning from the single- to the many-body regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Yan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Ho
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yue-Hui Lu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stuart J Masson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Ana Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Dan M Stamper-Kurn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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4
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Yang P, Wang Q, Fan Q, Guan S, Li G, Zhang P, Zhang T. Realization of Strong Coupling between Deterministic Single-Atom Arrays and a High-Finesse Miniature Optical Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:173601. [PMID: 37172253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate strong coupling between a one-dimensional (1D) single-atom array and a high-finesse miniature cavity. The atom array is obtained by loading single atoms into a 1D optical tweezer array with dimensions of 1×11. Therefore, a deterministic number of atoms is obtained, and the atom number is determined by imaging the atom array on a CCD camera in real time. By precisely controlling the position and spacing of the atom array in the high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, all the atoms in the array are strongly coupled to the cavity simultaneously. The vacuum Rabi splitting spectra are discriminated for deterministic atom numbers from 1 to 8, and the sqrt[N] dependence of the collective enhancement of the coupling strength on atom number N is validated at the single-atom level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qinxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shijun Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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5
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Vijayan J, Zhang Z, Piotrowski J, Windey D, van der Laan F, Frimmer M, Novotny L. Scalable all-optical cold damping of levitated nanoparticles. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:49-54. [PMID: 36411375 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Motional control of levitated nanoparticles relies on either autonomous feedback via a cavity or measurement-based feedback via external forces. Recent demonstrations of the measurement-based ground-state cooling of a single nanoparticle employ linear velocity feedback, also called cold damping, and require the use of electrostatic forces on charged particles via external electrodes. Here we introduce an all-optical cold damping scheme based on the spatial modulation of trap position, which has the advantage of being scalable to multiple particles. The scheme relies on programmable optical tweezers to provide full independent control over the trap frequency and position of each tweezer. We show that the technique cools the centre-of-mass motion of particles along one axis down to 17 mK at a pressure of 2 × 10-6 mbar and demonstrate its scalability by simultaneously cooling the motion of two particles. Our work paves the way towards studying quantum interactions between particles; achieving three-dimensional quantum control of particle motion without cavity-based cooling, electrodes or charged particles; and probing multipartite entanglement in levitated optomechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Li J, Zhu C, Yang Y. Squeezed light generated with hyperradiance without nonlinearity. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3439-3442. [PMID: 35838698 DOI: 10.1364/ol.464060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose that the squeezed light accompanied by hyperradiance is induced by quantum interference in a linear system consisting of a high-quality optical cavity and two coherently driven two-level qubits. When two qubits are placed in the cavity with a distance of integer multiple and one-half of wavelengths (i.e., they have the opposite coupling coefficient to the cavity), we show that squeezed light is generated in the hyperradiance regime under the conditions of strong coupling and weak driving. Simultaneously, Klyshko's criterion alternates up and down at unity when the photon number is even or odd. Moreover, the orthogonal angles of the squeezed light can be controlled by adjusting the frequency detuning between the driving field and the qubits. It can be implemented in a variety of quantum systems, including but not limited to two-level systems such as atoms, ions, quantum dots in single-mode cavities.
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7
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Quach JQ, McGhee KE, Ganzer L, Rouse DM, Lovett BW, Gauger EM, Keeling J, Cerullo G, Lidzey DG, Virgili T. Superabsorption in an organic microcavity: Toward a quantum battery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk3160. [PMID: 35030030 PMCID: PMC8759743 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The rate at which matter emits or absorbs light can be modified by its environment, as markedly exemplified by the widely studied phenomenon of superradiance. The reverse process, superabsorption, is harder to demonstrate because of the challenges of probing ultrafast processes and has only been seen for small numbers of atoms. Its central idea—superextensive scaling of absorption, meaning larger systems absorb faster—is also the key idea underpinning quantum batteries. Here, we implement experimentally a paradigmatic model of a quantum battery, constructed of a microcavity enclosing a molecular dye. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy allows us to observe charging dynamics at femtosecond resolution to demonstrate superextensive charging rates and storage capacity, in agreement with our theoretical modeling. We find that decoherence plays an important role in stabilizing energy storage. Our work opens future opportunities for harnessing collective effects in light-matter coupling for nanoscale energy capture, storage, and transport technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Q. Quach
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Kirsty E. McGhee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologia–CNR, IFN–Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dominic M. Rouse
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Brendon W. Lovett
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Erik M. Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jonathan Keeling
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologia–CNR, IFN–Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - David G. Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologia–CNR, IFN–Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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8
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Gao YP, Wang C. Hybrid coupling optomechanical assisted nonreciprocal photon blockade. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25161-25172. [PMID: 34614853 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The properties of the open quantum system in quantum information is a science now extensively investigated more generally as a fundamental issue for a variety of applications. Usually, the states of the open quantum system might be disturbed by decoherence which will reduce the fidelity in the quantum information processing. So it is better to eliminate the influence of the environment. However, as part of the composite system, rational use of the environment system could be beneficial to quantum information processing. Here we theoretically studied the environment induced quantum nonlinearity and energy spectrum tuning method in the optomechanical system. And we found that the dissipation coupling of the hybrid dissipation and dispersion optomechanical system can induce the coupling between the environment and system in the cross-Kerr interaction form. When the symmetry is broken with a directional auxiliary field, the system exhibits the non-reciprocal behavior during the photon excitation and photon blockade for the clockwise and counterclockwise modes of the whispering gallery mode microcavity. Furthermore, we believe that the cross-Kerr coupling can be more widely used in quantum information processing and quantum simulation.
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9
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Araneda G, Cerchiari G, Higginbottom DB, Holz PC, Lakhmanskiy K, Obšil P, Colombe Y, Blatt R. The Panopticon device: An integrated Paul-trap-hemispherical mirror system for quantum optics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:113201. [PMID: 33261421 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and construction of a new experimental apparatus for the trapping of single Ba+ ions in the center of curvature of an optical-quality hemispherical mirror. We describe the layout, fabrication, and integration of the full setup, consisting of a high-optical access monolithic "3D-printed" Paul trap, the hemispherical mirror, a diffraction-limited in-vacuum lens (NA = 0.7) for collection of atomic fluorescence, and a state-of-the art ultra-high vacuum vessel. This new apparatus enables the study of quantum electrodynamics effects such as strong inhibition and enhancement of spontaneous emission and achieves a collection efficiency of the emitted light in a single optical mode of 31%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Araneda
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Cerchiari
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D B Higginbottom
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - P C Holz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Lakhmanskiy
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Obšil
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Y Colombe
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Blatt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Sharma A, Zhang L, Tollerud JO, Dong M, Zhu Y, Halbich R, Vogl T, Liang K, Nguyen HT, Wang F, Sanwlani S, Earl SK, Macdonald D, Lam PK, Davis JA, Lu Y. Supertransport of excitons in atomically thin organic semiconductors at the 2D quantum limit. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:116. [PMID: 32655861 PMCID: PMC7338549 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-range and fast transport of coherent excitons is important for the development of high-speed excitonic circuits and quantum computing applications. However, most of these coherent excitons have only been observed in some low-dimensional semiconductors when coupled with cavities, as there are large inhomogeneous broadening and dephasing effects on the transport of excitons in their native states in materials. Here, by confining coherent excitons at the 2D quantum limit, we first observed molecular aggregation-enabled 'supertransport' of excitons in atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) organic semiconductors between coherent states, with a measured high effective exciton diffusion coefficient of ~346.9 cm2/s at room temperature. This value is one to several orders of magnitude higher than the values reported for other organic molecular aggregates and low-dimensional inorganic materials. Without coupling to any optical cavities, the monolayer pentacene sample, a very clean 2D quantum system (~1.2 nm thick) with high crystallinity (J-type aggregation) and minimal interfacial states, showed superradiant emission from Frenkel excitons, which was experimentally confirmed by the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) emission, highly enhanced radiative decay rate, significantly narrowed PL peak width and strongly directional in-plane emission. The coherence in monolayer pentacene samples was observed to be delocalised over ~135 molecules, which is significantly larger than the values (a few molecules) observed for other organic thin films. In addition, the supertransport of excitons in monolayer pentacene samples showed highly anisotropic behaviour. Our results pave the way for the development of future high-speed excitonic circuits, fast OLEDs, and other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Linglong Zhang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jonathan O. Tollerud
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Miheng Dong
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Yi Zhu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Robert Halbich
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Tobias Vogl
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kun Liang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hieu T. Nguyen
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Shilpa Sanwlani
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Stuart K. Earl
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Daniel Macdonald
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jeffrey A. Davis
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
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11
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Garcia S, Ferri F, Reichel J, Long R. Overlapping two standing waves in a microcavity for a multi-atom photon interface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15515-15528. [PMID: 32403578 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a light-matter interface enabling strong and uniform coupling between a chain of cold atoms and photons of an optical cavity. This interface is a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity, doubly resonant for both the wavelength of the atomic transition and for a geometrically commensurate red-detuned intracavity trapping lattice. Fulfilling the condition of a strong and uniform atom-photon coupling requires optimization of the spatial overlap between the two standing waves in the cavity. In a strong-coupling cavity, where the mode waists and Rayleigh range are small, we derive the expression of the optimal trapping wavelength, taking into account the Gouy phase. The main parameter controlling the overlap of the standing waves is the relative phase shift at the reflection on the cavity mirrors between the two wavelengths, for which we derive the optimal value. We have built a microcavity optimized according to these results, employing custom-made mirrors with engineered reflection phase for both wavelengths. We present a method to measure with high precision the relative phase shift at reflection, which allows us to determine the spatial overlap of the two modes in this cavity.
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12
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Wang Z, Li H, Feng W, Song X, Song C, Liu W, Guo Q, Zhang X, Dong H, Zheng D, Wang H, Wang DW. Controllable Switching between Superradiant and Subradiant States in a 10-qubit Superconducting Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:013601. [PMID: 31976713 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Superradiance and subradiance concerning enhanced and inhibited collective radiation of an ensemble of atoms have been a central topic in quantum optics. However, precise generation and control of these states remain challenging. Here we deterministically generate up to 10-qubit superradiant and 8-qubit subradiant states, each containing a single excitation, in a superconducting quantum circuit with multiple qubits interconnected by a cavity resonator. The sqrt[N]-scaling enhancement of the coupling strength between the superradiant states and the cavity is validated. By applying an appropriate phase gate on each qubit, we are able to switch the single collective excitation between superradiant and subradiant states. While the subradiant states containing a single excitation are forbidden from emitting photons, we demonstrate that they can still absorb photons from the resonator. However, for an even number of qubits, a singlet state with half of the qubits being excited can neither emit nor absorb photons, which is verified with 4 qubits. This study is a step forward in coherent control of collective radiation and has promising applications in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hekang Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chao Song
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wuxin Liu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiujiang Guo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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13
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Zhao T, Peng ZA, Yang GQ, Huang GM, Li GX. Time-asymmetric quantum fluctuations in intensity-amplitude correlation for a driven cavity QED system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:379-393. [PMID: 32118966 DOI: 10.1364/oe.377815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The intensity-amplitude correlation functions for a driven cavity QED system with two non-identical atoms are investigated in this paper. With the support of conditional homodyne detection, one can detect the time-dependent intensity-amplitude correlation functions experimentally. We find time-asymmetry in this correlation when the driving field is tuned to be resonant with the two-photon excitation state, which brings non-Gaussian fluctuations. The physical origin of these phenomena is the distinction of the third-order moment based on complete-collapse and partial-collapse, which corresponds to the measuring sequence of the intensity and amplitude. Finally, we also examined the nonclassical features of the system, which always exhibits photon bunching. The squeezing occurs in the region of weak driving and disappears with the increase of driving strength. Hence, a new classical inequality based on the technique of homodyne cross-correlation measurement is introduced to determine the nonclassicality of the non-Gaussian system in the region of unsqueezing.
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14
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Jäger SB, Cooper J, Holland MJ, Morigi G. Dynamical Phase Transitions to Optomechanical Superradiance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:053601. [PMID: 31491307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically analyze superradiant emission of light from an ultracold gas of bosonic atoms confined in a bad cavity. A metastable dipolar transition of the atoms couples to the cavity field and is incoherently pumped, and the mechanical effects of cavity-atom interactions tend to order the atoms in the periodic cavity potential. By means of a mean-field model we determine the conditions on the cavity parameters and pump rate that lead to the buildup of a stable macroscopic dipole emitting coherent light. We show that this occurs when the superradiant decay rate and the pump rate exceed threshold values of the order of the photon recoil energy. Above these thresholds superradiant emission is accompanied by the formation of stable matter-wave gratings that diffract the emitted photons. Outside of this regime, instead, the optomechanical coupling can give rise to dephasing or chaos, for which the emitted light is respectively incoherent or chaotic. These behaviors exhibit the features of a dynamical phase transitions and emerge from the interplay between global optomechanical interactions, quantum fluctuations, and noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Jäger
- Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - John Cooper
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Murray J Holland
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Giovanna Morigi
- Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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15
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Gallego J, Alt W, Macha T, Martinez-Dorantes M, Pandey D, Meschede D. Strong Purcell Effect on a Neutral Atom Trapped in an Open Fiber Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:173603. [PMID: 30411925 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We observe a sixfold Purcell broadening of the D_{2} line of an optically trapped ^{87}Rb atom strongly coupled to a fiber cavity. Under external illumination by a near-resonant laser, up to 90% of the atom's fluorescence is emitted into the resonant cavity mode. The sub-Poissonian statistics of the cavity output and the Purcell enhancement of the atomic decay rate are confirmed by the observation of a strongly narrowed antibunching dip in the photon autocorrelation function. The photon leakage through the higher-transmission mirror of the single-sided resonator is the dominant contribution to the field decay (κ≈2π×50 MHz), thus offering a high-bandwidth, fiber-coupled channel for photonic interfaces such as quantum memories and single-photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gallego
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - W Alt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - T Macha
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Martinez-Dorantes
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Pandey
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Meschede
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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16
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Evans RE, Bhaskar MK, Sukachev DD, Nguyen CT, Sipahigil A, Burek MJ, Machielse B, Zhang GH, Zibrov AS, Bielejec E, Park H, Lončar M, Lukin MD. Photon-mediated interactions between quantum emitters in a diamond nanocavity. Science 2018; 362:662-665. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aau4691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Photon-mediated interactions between quantum systems are essential for realizing quantum networks and scalable quantum information processing. We demonstrate such interactions between pairs of silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers coupled to a diamond nanophotonic cavity. When the optical transitions of the two color centers are tuned into resonance, the coupling to the common cavity mode results in a coherent interaction between them, leading to spectrally resolved superradiant and subradiant states. We use the electronic spin degrees of freedom of the SiV centers to control these optically mediated interactions. Such controlled interactions will be crucial in developing cavity-mediated quantum gates between spin qubits and for realizing scalable quantum network nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Evans
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M. K. Bhaskar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - D. D. Sukachev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - C. T. Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A. Sipahigil
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - M. J. Burek
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - B. Machielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - G. H. Zhang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A. S. Zibrov
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - E. Bielejec
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - H. Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M. Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M. D. Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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17
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Meschede D. Superradiators created atom by atom. Science 2018; 359:641. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aas9067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Collective emission is observed from atoms dropping singly through a resonator field
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Meschede
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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18
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Kim J, Yang D, Oh SH, An K. Coherent single-atom superradiance. Science 2018; 359:662-666. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aar2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junki Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-hoon Oh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwon An
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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19
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Masson SJ, Barrett MD, Parkins S. Cavity QED Engineering of Spin Dynamics and Squeezing in a Spinor Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:213601. [PMID: 29219405 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for engineering spin dynamics in ensembles of integer-spin atoms confined within a high-finesse optical cavity. Our proposal uses cavity-assisted Raman transitions to engineer a Dicke model for integer-spin atoms, which, in a dispersive limit, reduces to effective atom-atom interactions within the ensemble. This scheme offers a promising and flexible new avenue for the exploration of a wide range of spinor many-body physics. As an example of this, we present results showing that this method can be used to generate spin-nematic squeezing in an ensemble of spin-1 atoms. With realistic parameters, the scheme should enable substantial squeezing on time scales much shorter than current experiments with spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Masson
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - M D Barrett
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
| | - Scott Parkins
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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20
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Bai L, Harder M, Hyde P, Zhang Z, Hu CM, Chen YP, Xiao JQ. Cavity Mediated Manipulation of Distant Spin Currents Using a Cavity-Magnon-Polariton. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:217201. [PMID: 28598650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.217201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using electrical detection of a strongly coupled spin-photon system comprised of a microwave cavity mode and two magnetic samples, we demonstrate the long distance manipulation of spin currents. This distant control is not limited by the spin diffusion length, instead depending on the interplay between the local and global properties of the coupled system, enabling systematic spin current control over large distance scales (several centimeters in this work). This flexibility opens the door to improved spin current generation and manipulation for cavity spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Bai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Michael Harder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Paul Hyde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Can-Ming Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Y P Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - John Q Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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21
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Welte S, Hacker B, Daiss S, Ritter S, Rempe G. Cavity Carving of Atomic Bell States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:210503. [PMID: 28598645 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.210503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate entanglement generation of two neutral atoms trapped inside an optical cavity. Entanglement is created from initially separable two-atom states through carving with weak photon pulses reflected from the cavity. A polarization rotation of the photons heralds the entanglement. We show the successful implementation of two different protocols and the generation of all four Bell states with a maximum fidelity of (90±2)%. The protocol works for any distance between cavity-coupled atoms, and no individual addressing is required. Our result constitutes an important step towards applications in quantum networks, e.g., for entanglement swapping in a quantum repeater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Welte
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bastian Hacker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Severin Daiss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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22
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Vermersch B, Guimond PO, Pichler H, Zoller P. Quantum State Transfer via Noisy Photonic and Phononic Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:133601. [PMID: 28409953 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a quantum state transfer protocol, where a quantum state of photons stored in a first cavity can be faithfully transferred to a second distant cavity via an infinite 1D waveguide, while being immune to arbitrary noise (e.g., thermal noise) injected into the waveguide. We extend the model and protocol to a cavity QED setup, where atomic ensembles, or single atoms representing quantum memory, are coupled to a cavity mode. We present a detailed study of sensitivity to imperfections, and apply a quantum error correction protocol to account for random losses (or additions) of photons in the waveguide. Our numerical analysis is enabled by matrix product state techniques to simulate the complete quantum circuit, which we generalize to include thermal input fields. Our discussion applies both to photonic and phononic quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vermersch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P-O Guimond
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Pichler
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Zoller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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23
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Begley S, Vogt M, Gulati GK, Takahashi H, Keller M. Optimized Multi-Ion Cavity Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:223001. [PMID: 27314716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.223001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advances in cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) are paving the way to utilize multiple quantum emitters confined in a single optical cavity. In such systems, it is crucially important to control the quantum mechanical coupling of individual emitters to the cavity mode. In this regard, combining ion trap technologies with CQED provides a particularly promising approach due to the well-established motional control over trapped ions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate coupling of up to five trapped ions in a string to a high-finesse optical cavity. By changing the axial position and spacing of the ions in a fully deterministic manner, we systematically characterize their coupling to the cavity mode through visibility measurements of the cavity emission. In good agreement with the theoretical model, the results demonstrate that the geometrical configuration of multiple trapped ions can be manipulated to obtain optimal cavity coupling. Our system presents a new ground for exploring CQED with multiple quantum emitters, enabled by the highly controllable collective light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Begley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Vogt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Gulati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Keller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
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24
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Gangaraj SAH, Nemilentsau A, Hanson GW, Hughes S. Transient and steady-state entanglement mediated by three-dimensional plasmonic waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:22330-22346. [PMID: 26368204 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.022330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement between two qubits (two level atoms) mediated by surface plasmons in three-dimensional plasmonic waveguides is studied using a quantum master equation formalism. Two types of waveguides, a nanowire and a V-shaped channel cut in a flat metal plane, are considered. The Green functions for the waveguides, which rigorously describes the dissipative qubit environment, are calculated numerically using a direct finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solution of Maxwell's equations. Finite-length effects are shown to play a crucial role in enhancing entanglement, and resonant-length plasmonic waveguides can provide higher entanglement between qubits than infinite-length waveguides. It is also shown that coupling slots can improve entanglement via stronger qubit-waveguide coupling, for both the infinite- and finite-waveguide cases. The formalism used in the paper can be applied to a wide range of plasmonic waveguides.
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25
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Goban A, Hung CL, Hood JD, Yu SP, Muniz JA, Painter O, Kimble HJ. Superradiance for Atoms Trapped along a Photonic Crystal Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:063601. [PMID: 26296116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report observations of superradiance for atoms trapped in the near field of a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW). By fabricating the PCW with a band edge near the D(1) transition of atomic cesium, strong interaction is achieved between trapped atoms and guided-mode photons. Following short-pulse excitation, we record the decay of guided-mode emission and find a superradiant emission rate scaling as Γ̅(SR)∝N̅Γ(1D) for average atom number 0.19≲N̅≲2.6 atoms, where Γ(1D)/Γ'=1.0±0.1 is the peak single-atom radiative decay rate into the PCW guided mode, and Γ' is the radiative decay rate into all the other channels. These advances provide new tools for investigations of photon-mediated atom-atom interactions in the many-body regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goban
- Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics 12-33, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C-L Hung
- Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics 12-33, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J D Hood
- Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics 12-33, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S-P Yu
- Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics 12-33, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J A Muniz
- Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics 12-33, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - O Painter
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics 128-95, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H J Kimble
- Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics 12-33, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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26
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Casabone B, Friebe K, Brandstätter B, Schüppert K, Blatt R, Northup TE. Enhanced quantum interface with collective ion-cavity coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:023602. [PMID: 25635546 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.023602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We prepare a maximally entangled state of two ions and couple both ions to the mode of an optical cavity. The phase of the entangled state determines the collective interaction of the ions with the cavity mode, that is, whether the emission of a single photon into the cavity is suppressed or enhanced. By adjusting this phase, we tune the ion-cavity system from sub- to superradiance. We then encode a single qubit in the two-ion superradiant state and show that this encoding enhances the transfer of quantum information onto a photon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Casabone
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Friebe
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Brandstätter
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Schüppert
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Blatt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T E Northup
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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