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Cheng B, Cheng D, Lee K, Luo L, Chen Z, Lee Y, Wang BY, Mootz M, Perakis IE, Shen ZX, Hwang HY, Wang J. Evidence for d-wave superconductivity of infinite-layer nickelates from low-energy electrodynamics. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:775-781. [PMID: 38182811 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates established another category of unconventional superconductors that shares structural and electronic similarities with cuprates. However, key issues of the superconducting pairing symmetry, gap amplitude and superconducting fluctuations are yet to be addressed. Here we utilize static and ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy to address these. We demonstrate that the equilibrium terahertz conductivity and non-equilibrium terahertz responses of an optimally Sr-doped nickelate film (superconducting transition temperature of Tc = 17 K) are in line with the electrodynamics of d-wave superconductivity in the dirty limit. The gap-to-Tc ratio (2Δ/kBTc) is found to be 3.4, indicating that the superconductivity falls in the weak coupling regime. In addition, we observed substantial superconducting fluctuations near Tc that do not extend into the deep normal state as the optimally hole-doped cuprates do. Our results support a d-wave system that closely resembles the electron-doped cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cheng
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Di Cheng
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kyuho Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liang Luo
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Zhuoyu Chen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonghun Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bai Yang Wang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin Mootz
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ilias E Perakis
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jigang Wang
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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2
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Guo Y, Qiu D, Shao M, Song J, Wang Y, Xu M, Yang C, Li P, Liu H, Xiong J. Modulations in Superconductors: Probes of Underlying Physics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209457. [PMID: 36504310 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The importance of modulations is elevated to an unprecedented level, due to the delicate conditions required to bring out exotic phenomena in quantum materials, such as topological materials, magnetic materials, and superconductors. Recently, state-of-the-art modulation techniques in material science, such as electric-double-layer transistor, piezoelectric-based strain apparatus, angle twisting, and nanofabrication, have been utilized in superconductors. They not only efficiently increase the tuning capability to the broader ranges but also extend the tuning dimensionality to unprecedented degrees of freedom, including quantum fluctuations of competing phases, electronic correlation, and phase coherence essential to global superconductivity. Here, for a comprehensive review, these techniques together with the established modulation methods, such as elemental substitution, annealing, and polarization-induced gating, are contextualized. Depending on the mechanism of each method, the modulations are categorized into stoichiometric manipulation, electrostatic gating, mechanical modulation, and geometrical design. Their recent advances are highlighted by applications in newly discovered superconductors, e.g., nickelates, Kagome metals, and magic-angle graphene. Overall, the review is to provide systematic modulations in emergent superconductors and serve as the coordinate for future investigations, which can stimulate researchers in superconductivity and other fields to perform various modulations toward a thorough understanding of quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Mingxin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jingyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Minyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Haiwen Liu
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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3
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Walker BT, Rodrigues JD, Dhar HS, Oulton RF, Mintert F, Nyman RA. Non-stationary statistics and formation jitter in transient photon condensation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1390. [PMID: 32170081 PMCID: PMC7070038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While equilibrium phase transitions are easily described by order parameters and free-energy landscapes, for their non-stationary counterparts these quantities are usually ill-defined. Here, we probe transient non-equilibrium dynamics of an optically pumped, dye-filled microcavity. We quench the system to a far-from-equilibrium state and find delayed condensation close to a critical excitation energy, a transient equivalent of critical slowing down. Besides number fluctuations near the critical excitation energy, we show that transient phase transitions exhibit timing jitter in the condensate formation. This jitter is a manifestation of the randomness associated with spontaneous emission, showing that condensation is a stochastic, rather than deterministic process. Despite the non-equilibrium character of this phase transition, we construct an effective free-energy landscape that describes the formation jitter and allows, in principle, its generalization to a wider class of processes. Description of non-equilibrium phase transitions is problematic, due to the absence of suitable free energy landscapes. Here, the authors experimentally show delayed photon condensation and timing jitter in a dye-filled microcavity, modelled by a non-equilibrium extension of the free-energy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Walker
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Centre for Doctoral Training in Controlled Quantum Dynamics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - João D Rodrigues
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Himadri S Dhar
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Florian Mintert
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert A Nyman
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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4
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Giusti F, Marciniak A, Randi F, Sparapassi G, Boschini F, Eisaki H, Greven M, Damascelli A, Avella A, Fausti D. Signatures of Enhanced Superconducting Phase Coherence in Optimally Doped Bi_{2}Sr_{2}Y_{0.08}Ca_{0.92}Cu_{2}O_{8+δ} Driven by Midinfrared Pulse Excitations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:067002. [PMID: 30822056 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.067002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Optimally doped cuprate are characterized by the presence of superconducting fluctuations in a relatively large temperature region above the critical transition temperature. We reveal here that the effect of thermal disorder, which decreases the condensate phase coherence at equilibrium, can be dynamically contrasted by photoexcitation with ultrashort midinfrared pulses. In particular, our findings reveal that light pulses with photon energy comparable to the amplitude of the superconducting gap and polarized in plane along the copper-copper direction can dynamically enhance the optical response associated with the onset of superconductivity. We propose that this effect can be rationalized by an effective d-wave BCS model, which reveals that midinfrared pulses result in a transient increase of the phase coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giusti
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34127 Basovizza Trieste, Italy
| | - A Marciniak
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34127 Basovizza Trieste, Italy
| | - F Randi
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34127 Basovizza Trieste, Italy
| | - G Sparapassi
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34127 Basovizza Trieste, Italy
| | - F Boschini
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - H Eisaki
- Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - M Greven
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Damascelli
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A Avella
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello," Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
- CNR-SPIN, UOS di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - D Fausti
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34127 Basovizza Trieste, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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5
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Pelc D, Vučković M, Grbić MS, Požek M, Yu G, Sasagawa T, Greven M, Barišić N. Emergence of superconductivity in the cuprates via a universal percolation process. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4327. [PMID: 30337539 PMCID: PMC6193991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A pivotal step toward understanding unconventional superconductors would be to decipher how superconductivity emerges from the unusual normal state. In the cuprates, traces of superconducting pairing appear above the macroscopic transition temperature Tc, yet extensive investigation has led to disparate conclusions. The main difficulty has been to separate superconducting contributions from complex normal-state behaviour. Here we avoid this problem by measuring nonlinear conductivity, an observable that is zero in the normal state. We uncover for several representative cuprates that the nonlinear conductivity vanishes exponentially above Tc, both with temperature and magnetic field, and exhibits temperature-scaling characterized by a universal scale Ξ0. Attempts to model the response with standard Ginzburg-Landau theory are systematically unsuccessful. Instead, our findings are captured by a simple percolation model that also explains other properties of the cuprates. We thus resolve a long-standing conundrum by showing that the superconducting precursor in the cuprates is strongly affected by intrinsic inhomogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjan Pelc
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Marija Vučković
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihael S Grbić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Požek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Guichuan Yu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Takao Sasagawa
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Martin Greven
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Neven Barišić
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, 1040, Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Boschini F, da Silva Neto EH, Razzoli E, Zonno M, Peli S, Day RP, Michiardi M, Schneider M, Zwartsenberg B, Nigge P, Zhong RD, Schneeloch J, Gu GD, Zhdanovich S, Mills AK, Levy G, Jones DJ, Giannetti C, Damascelli A. Collapse of superconductivity in cuprates via ultrafast quenching of phase coherence. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:416-420. [PMID: 29610487 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of driving phase transitions in low-density condensates through the loss of phase coherence alone has far-reaching implications for the study of quantum phases of matter. This has inspired the development of tools to control and explore the collective properties of condensate phases via phase fluctuations. Electrically gated oxide interfaces1,2, ultracold Fermi atoms3,4 and cuprate superconductors5,6, which are characterized by an intrinsically small phase stiffness, are paradigmatic examples where these tools are having a dramatic impact. Here we use light pulses shorter than the internal thermalization time to drive and probe the phase fragility of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ cuprate superconductor, completely melting the superconducting condensate without affecting the pairing strength. The resulting ultrafast dynamics of phase fluctuations and charge excitations are captured and disentangled by time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. This work demonstrates the dominant role of phase coherence in the superconductor-to-normal state phase transition and offers a benchmark for non-equilibrium spectroscopic investigations of the cuprate phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Boschini
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - E H da Silva Neto
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - E Razzoli
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Zonno
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Peli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (ILAMP), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
| | - R P Day
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Michiardi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Zwartsenberg
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P Nigge
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R D Zhong
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - J Schneeloch
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - G D Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - S Zhdanovich
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A K Mills
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G Levy
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D J Jones
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Giannetti
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (ILAMP), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Damascelli
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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7
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Peronaci F, Schiró M, Capone M. Transient Dynamics of d-Wave Superconductors after a Sudden Excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:257001. [PMID: 26722940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.257001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent ultrafast pump-probe experiments on high-temperature superconductors, we discuss the transient dynamics of a d-wave BCS model after a quantum quench of the interaction parameter. We find that the existence of gap nodes, with the associated nodal quasiparticles, introduces a decay channel which makes the dynamics much faster than in the conventional s-wave model. For every value of the quench parameter, the superconducting gap rapidly converges to a stationary value smaller than the one at equilibrium. Using a sudden approximation for the gap dynamics, we find an analytical expression for the reduction of spectral weight close to the nodes, which is in qualitative agreement with recent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Peronaci
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS) and CNR-IOM Democritos, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Schiró
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Massimo Capone
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS) and CNR-IOM Democritos, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
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