1
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Dion T, Stenning KD, Vanstone A, Holder HH, Sultana R, Alatteili G, Martinez V, Kaffash MT, Kimura T, Oulton RF, Branford WR, Kurebayashi H, Iacocca E, Jungfleisch MB, Gartside JC. Ultrastrong magnon-magnon coupling and chiral spin-texture control in a dipolar 3D multilayered artificial spin-vortex ice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4077. [PMID: 38744816 PMCID: PMC11094080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Strongly-interacting nanomagnetic arrays are ideal systems for exploring reconfigurable magnonics. They provide huge microstate spaces and integrated solutions for storage and neuromorphic computing alongside GHz functionality. These systems may be broadly assessed by their range of reliably accessible states and the strength of magnon coupling phenomena and nonlinearities. Increasingly, nanomagnetic systems are expanding into three-dimensional architectures. This has enhanced the range of available magnetic microstates and functional behaviours, but engineering control over 3D states and dynamics remains challenging. Here, we introduce a 3D magnonic metamaterial composed from multilayered artificial spin ice nanoarrays. Comprising two magnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic spacer, each nanoisland may assume four macrospin or vortex states per magnetic layer. This creates a system with a rich 16N microstate space and intense static and dynamic dipolar magnetic coupling. The system exhibits a broad range of emergent phenomena driven by the strong inter-layer dipolar interaction, including ultrastrong magnon-magnon coupling with normalised coupling rates ofΔ f ν = 0.57 , GHz mode shifts in zero applied field and chirality-control of magnetic vortex microstates with corresponding magnonic spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Dion
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kilian D Stenning
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Vanstone
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Holly H Holder
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rawnak Sultana
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ghanem Alatteili
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
| | - Victoria Martinez
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
| | | | - Takashi Kimura
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Will R Branford
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hidekazu Kurebayashi
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ezio Iacocca
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
| | | | - Jack C Gartside
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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2
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Kimura K, Kimura T. Nonvolatile Switching of Large Nonreciprocal Optical Absorption at Shortwave Infrared Wavelengths. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:036901. [PMID: 38307053 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.036901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We report large nonreciprocal optical absorption at shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths in the magnetoelectric (ME) antiferromagnet (AFM) LiNiPO_{4}. The difference in absorption coefficients for light propagating in opposite directions, divided by the sum, reaches up to ∼40% at 1450 nm. Moreover, the nonreciprocity is switched by a magnetic field in a nonvolatile manner. Using symmetry considerations, we reveal that the large nonreciprocal absorption is attributed to Ni^{2+} d-d transitions through the spin-orbit coupling. Furthermore, we propose that an even larger nonreciprocity can be achieved for a Ni-based ME AFM where electric dipoles of every NiO_{6} unit and Ni^{2+} spins are orthogonal and, respectively, form a collinear arrangement. This study provides a pathway toward nonvolatile switchable one-way transparency of SWIR light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kimura
- Department of Materials Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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3
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Liang W, Zeng J, Qiao Z, Gao Y, Niu Q. Berry-Curvature Engineering for Nonreciprocal Directional Dichroism in Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnets. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:256901. [PMID: 38181334 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.256901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In two-dimensional antiferromagnets, we find that the mixed Berry curvature can be attributed as the geometrical origin of the nonreciprocal directional dichroism (NDD), which refers to the difference in light absorption between opposite propagation directions. This Berry curvature is closely related to the uniaxial strain in accordance with the symmetry constraint, leading to a highly tunable NDD, whose sign and strength can be tuned via strain direction. We choose the lattice model of MnBi_{2}Te_{4} as a concrete example. The coupling between mixed Berry curvature and strain also suggests the magnetic quadrupole of the Bloch wave packet as the macroscopic order parameter probed by the NDD in two dimensions, which is distinct from the multiferroic order P×M or the spin toroidal and quadrupole order within a unit cell in previous studies. Our work paves the way for the Berry-curvature engineering for optical nonreciprocity in two-dimensional antiferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liang
- International Centre for Quantum Design of Functional Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Junjie Zeng
- Institute for Structure and Function, Department of Physics, and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhenhua Qiao
- International Centre for Quantum Design of Functional Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yang Gao
- International Centre for Quantum Design of Functional Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Qian Niu
- International Centre for Quantum Design of Functional Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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4
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Sawada Y, Kimura S, Watanabe K, Yamaguchi Y, Arima T, Kimura T. Nonreciprocal Directional Dichroism in Magnetoelectric Spin Glass. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:217201. [PMID: 36461975 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.217201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical absorption spectra in the visible and near-infrared light were measured for magnetoelectric spin glass Ni_{0.4}Mn_{0.6}TiO_{3} under various field-cooled conditions. Despite the absence of long-range magnetic-dipole order, this spin-glass system exhibits nonreciprocal directional dichroism (NDD) at zero external field after a magnetoelectric field-cooled procedure. This result is distinct from previous studies on NDD in systems with magnetic toroidal moments induced either by long-range magnetic-dipole order or by applying crossed electric and magnetic fields. The present Letter conclusively demonstrates that the observed NDD originates from magnetoelectrically induced ferroic order of magnetic toroidal moments without conventional magnetic-dipole order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sawada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - S Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Y Yamaguchi
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - T Arima
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Kimura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
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5
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Kurosawa H, Tomita S, Sawada K, Nakanishi T, Ueda T. Unity-order magnetochiral effects exhibited by a single metamolecule. Opt Express 2022; 30:37066-37075. [PMID: 36258624 DOI: 10.1364/oe.469675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A numerical study predicts that a single metamolecule with magnetism and chirality has giant magnetochiral (MCh) effects at microwave frequencies. The magnetism is provided by the ferromagnetic resonance of ferrite under dc bias magnetic fields, while the chirality is provided by the spiral arrangement of dielectric cubes with Mie resonance. The dielectric and magnetic resonances interfere in the metamolecule, resulting in a two-order of magnitude enhancement of the MCh effect compared with that reported in previous studies. This prediction is verified experimentally. A unity-order directional difference in the refractive index caused by the MCh effect is also demonstrated. This study is a significant milestone in the practical use of the MCh effect.
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Wendari TP, Arief S, Mufti N, Blake GR, Baas J, Suendo V, Prasetyo A, Insani A, Zulhadjri Z. Lead-Free Aurivillius Phase Bi 2LaNb 1.5Mn 0.5O 9: Structure, Ferroelectric, Magnetic, and Magnetodielectric Effects. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8644-8652. [PMID: 35622976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aurivillius phase Bi2LaNb1.5Mn0.5O9, derived from ferroelectric PbBi2Nb2O9 by simultaneous substitution of the A-site and B-site cations, was synthesized using a molten-salt method. Here, we discuss the structure-property relationships in detail. X-ray and neutron diffraction show that Bi2LaNb1.5Mn0.5O9 adopts an A21am orthorhombic crystal structure. Rietveld refinement analysis, supported by Raman spectroscopy, indicates that the Bi3+ ions occupy the bismuth oxide blocks, La3+ ions occupy the perovskite A-site, and Nb5+/Mn3+ ions occupy the perovskite B-site. Ferroelectric ordering takes place at 535 K, which coexists with local ferromagnetic order below 65 K. The cation disorder on the B-site results in relaxor-ferroelectric behavior, and the short-range ferromagnetic order can be attributed to Mn3+/Mn4+ double-exchange. Magnetodielectric coupling measured at 5 K and 100 kHz in a field of 5 T suggests the existence of intrinsic spin-lattice coupling with a magnetodielectric coefficient of 0.20%. These findings will provide significant impetus for further research into potential devices based on the magnetodielectric effect in Aurivillius materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tio Putra Wendari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Syukri Arief
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Nandang Mufti
- Center of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Graeme R Blake
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Baas
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veinardi Suendo
- Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Anton Prasetyo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Jl. Gajayana 50, Malang 65144, Indonesia
| | - Andon Insani
- Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
| | - Zulhadjri Zulhadjri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
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7
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Kimura K, Otake Y, Kimura T. Visualizing rotation and reversal of the Néel vector through antiferromagnetic trichroism. Nat Commun 2022; 13. [PMID: 35121748 PMCID: PMC8816959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional magnetic memories rely on bistable magnetic states, such as the up and down magnetization states in ferromagnets. Increasing the number of stable magnetic states in each cell, preferably composed of antiferromagnets without stray fields, promises to achieve higher-capacity memories. Thus far, such multi-stable antiferromagnetic states have been extensively studied in conducting systems. Here, we report on a striking optical response in the magnetoelectric collinear antiferromagnet Bi2CuO4, which is an insulating version of the representative spintronic material, CuMnAs, with four stable Néel vector orientations. We find that, due to a magnetoelectric effect in a visible range, which is enhanced by a peculiar local environment of Cu ions, absorption coefficient takes three discrete values depending on an angle between the propagation vector of light and the Néel vector—a phenomenon that we term antiferromagnetic trichroism. Furthermore, using this antiferromagnetic trichroism, we successfully visualize field-driven reversal and rotation of the Néel vector. Antiferromagnets have great promise for use in spin-based electronics; however, detecting the Neel vector is challenging due to the lack of a net magnetization. Here, Kimura et al demonstrate an intriguing optical response, where the optical absorption depends on the angle of the Neel vector.
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8
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Kimura K, Yagi N, Hasegawa S, Hagihala M, Miyake A, Tokunaga M, Cao H, Masuda T, Kimura T. Coexistence of Magnetoelectric and Antiferroelectric-like Orders in Mn 3Ta 2O 8. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15078-15084. [PMID: 34590476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In materials showing a linear magnetoelectric (ME) effect, unconventional functionalities can be anticipated such as electric control of magnetism and nonreciprocal optical responses. Thus, the search for new linear ME materials is of interest in materials science. Here, using a recently proposed design principle of linear ME materials, which is based on the combination of local structural asymmetry and collinear antiferromagnetism, we demonstrate that an anion-deficient fluorite derivative, Mn3Ta2O8, is a new linear ME material. This is evidenced by the onset of magnetic-field-induced electric polarization in its collinear antiferromagnetic phase below TN = 24 K. Furthermore, we also find an antiferroelectric-like phase transition at TS = 55 K, which is attributable to an off-center displacement of magnetic Mn2+ ions. The present study shows that Mn3Ta2O8 is a rare material that exhibits both ME and antiferroelectric-like transitions. Thus, Mn3Ta2O8 may provide an opportunity to investigate the physics associated with complicated interactions between magnetic (spin) and electric dipole degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kimura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Naoki Yagi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hasegawa
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Masato Hagihala
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 203-1 Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.,Materials Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyake
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Masashi Tokunaga
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Huibo Cao
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Takatsugu Masuda
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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9
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Taniguchi K, Nishio M, Abe N, Huang PJ, Kimura S, Arima TH, Miyasaka H. Magneto-Electric Directional Anisotropy in Polar Soft Ferromagnets of Two-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14350-14354. [PMID: 33886136 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (2D-OIHPs) are attracting interest due to their structural tunability and rich functional characteristics, such as ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism. Here, we report the chiral-polar ferromagnetic 2D-OIHP copper chlorides with discernable electric polarization in the inorganic layers. In these systems, the magneto-electric (ME) correlation has been clearly observed by measuring a magneto-electric directional anisotropy (MEA), in which an optical absorption coefficient changes with reversal of the light propagating direction. We have found that the MEA can be induced by a low magnetic field of about 50 mT, reflecting soft magnetic nature. The present results suggest a new paradigm for designing functional ME multiferroics, which effectively couples magnetic and electric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Taniguchi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 5-3 Yonbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8666, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishio
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Abe
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Po-Jung Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shojiro Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Taka-Hisa Arima
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyasaka
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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10
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Taniguchi K, Nishio M, Abe N, Huang P, Kimura S, Arima T, Miyasaka H. Magneto‐Electric Directional Anisotropy in Polar Soft Ferromagnets of Two‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Taniguchi
- Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 5-3 Yonbancho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8666 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masaki Nishio
- Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Abe
- Department of Advanced Materials Science The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Po‐Jung Huang
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shojiro Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Taka‐hisa Arima
- Department of Advanced Materials Science The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyasaka
- Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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11
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Toyoda S, Fiebig M, Arima TH, Tokura Y, Ogawa N. Nonreciprocal second harmonic generation in a magnetoelectric material. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/16/eabe2793. [PMID: 33863720 PMCID: PMC8051877 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mirror symmetries are of particular importance because they are connected to fundamental properties and conservation laws. Spatial inversion and time reversal are typically associated to charge and spin phenomena, respectively. When both are broken, magnetoelectric cross-coupling can arise. In the optical regime, a difference between forward and backward propagation of light may result. Usually, this nonreciprocal response is small. We show that a giant nonreciprocal optical response can occur when transferring from linear to nonlinear optics, specifically second harmonic generation (SHG). CuB2O4 exhibits SHG transmission changes by almost 100% upon reversal of a magnetic field of just ±10 mT. The observed nonreciprocity results from an interference between magnetic-dipole and electric-dipole SHG. Although the former is inherently weaker than the latter, a resonantly enhanced magnetic-dipole transition has a comparable amplitude as a nonresonant electric-dipole transition, thus maximizing the nonreciprocity. Multiferroics and magnetoelectrics are an obvious materials platform to exhibit nonreciprocal nonlinear optical functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Toyoda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Manfred Fiebig
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Taka-Hisa Arima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoki Ogawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
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12
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Ogawa N, Köhler L, Garst M, Toyoda S, Seki S, Tokura Y. Nonreciprocity of spin waves in the conical helix state. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022927118. [PMID: 33608462 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022927118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonreciprocity emerges in nature and in artificial objects from various physical origins, being widely utilized in contemporary technologies as exemplified by diode elements in electronics. While most of the nonreciprocal phenomena are realized by employing interfaces where the inversion symmetry is trivially lifted, nonreciprocal transport of photons, electrons, magnons, and possibly phonons also emerge in bulk crystals with broken space inversion and time reversal symmetries. Among them, directional propagation of bulk magnons (i.e., quanta of spin wave excitation) is attracting much attention nowadays for its potentially large nonreciprocity suitable for spintronic and spin-caloritronic applications. Here, we demonstrate nonreciprocal propagation of spin waves for the conical spin helix state in Cu2OSeO3 due to a combination of dipole and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. The observed nonreciprocal spin dispersion smoothly connects to the hitherto known magnetochiral nonreciprocity in the field-induced collinear spin state; thus, all the spin phases show diode characteristics in this chiral insulator.
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13
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Moshkina E, Molokeev M, Belskaya N, Nemtsev I, Molchanova A, Boldyrev K. Metastable growth and infrared spectra of CuB 2O 4:Ni single crystals. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00729g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of CuB2O4:Ni crystals in fluxes based on Li2WO4–Bi2O3–WO3 has been studied. A distinctive feature of the used flux growing mode is the metastable nature of nucleation. IR reflection and transmission spectra are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim Molokeev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Department of Physics, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk 680021, Russia
| | - Nadejda Belskaya
- Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Nemtsev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | - Kirill Boldyrev
- Institute of Spectroscopy RAS, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Mertens F, Terschanski M, Mönkebüscher D, Ponzoni S, Bossini D, Cinchetti M. Wide spectral range ultrafast pump-probe magneto-optical spectrometer at low temperature, high-magnetic and electric fields. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:113001. [PMID: 33261465 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed a table-top setup to perform magneto-optical pump-probe measurements with the possibility to independently tune the photon-energy of both pump and probe beams in the 0.5 eV-3.5 eV range. Our apparatus relies on a commercial turn-key amplified laser system, able to generate light pulses with duration shorter than or comparable to 100 fs throughout the whole spectral range. The repetition rate of the source can be modified via the computer in the 1 kHz to 1 MHz range. A commercial balanced detector is connected to a high-frequency digitizer, allowing for a highly-sensitive detection scheme: rotations of the probe polarization as small as 70 μdeg can be measured. Additionally, a DC magnetic field as high as 9 T and voltages in the kV regime can be applied on the sample. A cryostat allows us to precisely set the temperature of the specimen in the 4 K-420 K interval. We prove the performance of our setup by measuring the ultrafast demagnetization of a cobalt crystal as a function of a wide variety of experimental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mertens
- Experimentelle Physik VI, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Terschanski
- Experimentelle Physik VI, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Mönkebüscher
- Experimentelle Physik VI, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Ponzoni
- Experimentelle Physik VI, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Bossini
- Experimentelle Physik VI, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Cinchetti
- Experimentelle Physik VI, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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15
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Kimura S, Matsumoto M, Tanaka H. Electrical Switching of the Nonreciprocal Directional Microwave Response in a Triplon Bose-Einstein Condensate. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:217401. [PMID: 32530678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.217401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a microwave electron spin resonance study of the quantum spin dimer system TlCuCl_{3}, which shows the magnetic-field-induced ordering with both antiferromagnetic spin order and ferroelectricity by the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of triplon quasiparticles. Our main achievement is an electrical switching of the nonreciprocal directional microwave response in the triplon BEC phase. High-speed directional control of microwave absorption by applying an electric field has been accomplished in this Letter. The strength of the observed nonreciprocal microwave response well agrees with the calculation based on Kubo theory with the parameters, evaluated from the static electric polarization in this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | | | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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16
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Abstract
In magnetoelectric materials, where the time-reversal and space-inversion symmetries are simultaneously broken, optical properties can differ between the opposite propagation directions of light. We report on an experimental observation of nonreciprocal trajectory of a light ray in magnetoelectric material CuB_{2}O_{4}. The light is refracted in different ways between the opposite propagation directions of light. We find a nonreciprocal refraction at the interface between a matter with macroscopic toroidal moment and vacuum. The resultant nonreciprocal deflection of the light is 0.005 deg, which is quantitatively explained using Fermat's principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Toyoda
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - N Abe
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Arima
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
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17
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Lu C, Wu M, Lin L, Liu JM. Single-phase multiferroics: new materials, phenomena, and physics. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:653-668. [PMID: 34691921 PMCID: PMC8291614 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiferroics, where multiple ferroic orders coexist and are intimately coupled, promise novel applications in conceptually new devices on one hand, and on the other hand provide fascinating physics that is distinctly different from the physics of high-TC superconductors and colossal magnetoresistance manganites. In this mini-review, we highlight the recent progress of single-phase multiferroics in the exploration of new materials, efficient roadmaps for functionality enhancement, new phenomena beyond magnetoelectric coupling, and underlying novel physics. In the meantime, a slightly more detailed description is given of several multiferroics with ferrimagnetic orders and double-layered perovskite structure and also of recently emerging 2D multiferroics. Some emergent phenomena such as topological vortex domain structure, non-reciprocal response, and hybrid mechanisms for multiferroicity engineering and magnetoelectric coupling in various types of multiferroics will be briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Lu
- School of Physics & Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Menghao Wu
- School of Physics & Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun-Ming Liu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
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18
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Gao Y, Xiao D. Nonreciprocal Directional Dichroism Induced by the Quantum Metric Dipole. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:227402. [PMID: 31283278 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.227402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We identify the quantum metric dipole as the geometric origin of the nonreciprocal directional dichroism which describes the change in the refractive index upon reversing the light propagation direction. Specifically, we find that the static limit of the nonreciprocal directional dichroism corresponds to a quadrupolar transport current from the quantum metric dipole, in response to a quadrupolar electric field. Moreover, at a finite frequency, we demonstrate that the steepest slope of the averaged quantum metric dipole gives rise to a peak in the differential refractive index between counterpropagating lights. Finally, we illustrate both features in a low-energy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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19
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Lehmann J, Donnelly C, Derlet PM, Heyderman LJ, Fiebig M. Poling of an artificial magneto-toroidal crystal. Nat Nanotechnol 2019; 14:141-144. [PMID: 30531991 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although ferromagnetism is known to be of enormous importance, the exploitation of materials with a compensated (for example, antiferromagnetic) arrangement of long-range ordered magnetic moments is still in its infancy. Antiferromagnetism is more robust against external perturbations, exhibits ultrafast responses of the spin system1 and is key to phenomena such as exchange bias2,3, magnetically induced ferroelectricity4 or certain magnetoresistance phenomena5. However, there is no conjugate field for the manipulation of antiferromagnetic order, hindering both its observation and direct manipulation. Only recently, direct poling of a particular antiferromagnet was achieved with spintronic approaches6. An interesting alternative to antiferromagnetism is ferrotoroidicity-a recently established fourth form of ferroic order7,8. This is defined as a vortex-like magnetic state with zero net magnetization, yet with a spontaneously occurring toroidal moment9. As a hallmark of ferroic order, there must be a conjugate field that can manipulate the order parameter. For ferrotoroidic materials, this is a toroidal field-a magnetic vortex field violating both space-inversion and time-reversal symmetry analogous to the toroidal moment10. However, the nature and generation of the toroidal field remain elusive for conventional crystalline systems. Here, we demonstrate the creation of an artificial crystal11,12 consisting of mesoscopic planar nanomagnets with a magneto-toroidal-ordered ground state. Effective toroidal fields of either sign are applied by scanning a magnetic tip over the crystal. Thus, we achieve local control over the orientation of the toroidal moment despite its zero net magnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Lehmann
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Ferroic Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Claire Donnelly
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Derlet
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Laura J Heyderman
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Fiebig
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Ferroic Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Abstract
Directional transport and propagation of quantum particle and current, such as electron, photon, spin, and phonon, are known to occur in the materials system with broken inversion symmetry, as exemplified by the diode in semiconductor p-n junction and the natural optical activity in chiral materials. Such a nonreciprocal response in the quantum materials of noncentrosymmetry occurs ubiquitously when the time-reversal symmetry is further broken by applying a magnetic field or with spontaneous magnetization, such as the magnetochiral effect and the nonreciprocal magnon transport or spin current in chiral magnets. In the nonlinear regime responding to the square of current and electric field, even a more variety of nonreciprocal phenomena can show up, including the photocurrent of topological origin and the unidirectional magnetoresistance in polar/chiral semiconductors. Microscopically, these nonreciprocal responses in the quantum materials are frequently encoded by the quantum Berry phase, the toroidal moment, and the magnetoelectric monopole, thus cultivating the fertile ground of the functional topological materials. Here, we review the basic mechanisms and emergent phenomena and functions of the nonreciprocal responses in the noncentrosymmetric quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Naoto Nagaosa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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21
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Iguchi Y, Nii Y, Onose Y. Magnetoelectrical control of nonreciprocal microwave response in a multiferroic helimagnet. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15252. [PMID: 28480887 PMCID: PMC5424162 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of physical properties by external fields is essential in many contemporary technologies. For example, conductance can be controlled by a gate electric field in a field effect transistor, which is a main component of integrated circuits. Optical phenomena induced by an electric field such as electroluminescence and electrochromism are useful for display and other technologies. Control of microwave propagation is also important for future wireless communication technology. Microwave properties in solids are dominated mostly by magnetic excitations, which cannot be easily controlled by an electric field. One solution to this problem is to use magnetically induced ferroelectrics (multiferroics). Here we show that microwave nonreciprocity, that is, different refractive indices for microwaves propagating in opposite directions, could be reversed by an external electric field in a multiferroic helimagnet Ba2Mg2Fe12O22. This approach offers an avenue for the electrical control of microwave properties. Control of microwave propagation is important for future communication technology. Here, Iguchi et al. report the reversal of microwave nonreciprocity by an external electric field in a multiferroic helimagnet Ba2Mg2Fe12O22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Iguchi
- Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Y Nii
- Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Y Onose
- Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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