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Duca L, Mizukami N, Perego E, Inguscio M, Sias C. Orientational Melting in a Mesoscopic System of Charged Particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:083602. [PMID: 37683173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
A mesoscopic system of a few particles can undergo changes of configuration that resemble phase transitions but with a nonuniversal behavior. A notable example is orientational melting, in which localized particles with long-range repulsive interactions forming a two-dimensional crystal become delocalized in common closed trajectories. Here we report the observation of orientational melting occurring in a two-dimensional crystal of up to 15 ions. We measure density-density correlations to quantitatively characterize the occurrence of melting, and use a Monte Carlo simulation to extract the angular kinetic energy of the ions. By adding a pinning impurity, we demonstrate the nonuniversality of orientational melting and create novel configurations in which localized and delocalized particles coexist. Our system realizes an experimental testbed for studying changes of configurations in two-dimensional mesoscopic systems, and our results pave the way for the study of quantum phenomena in ensembles of delocalized ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Duca
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Naoto Mizukami
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Elia Perego
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Massimo Inguscio
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Sias
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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2
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Liu ZF, Chen C, Xu JM, Cheng ZM, Ren ZC, Dong BW, Lou YC, Yang YX, Xue ST, Liu ZH, Zhu WZ, Wang XL, Wang HT. Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference between Two Hyperentangled Photons Enables Observation of Symmetric and Antisymmetric Particle Exchange Phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:263602. [PMID: 36608177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.263602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a fundamental quantum effect with no classical counterpart. The existing research on two-photon interference was mainly limited in one degree of freedom (DOF); hence, it is still a challenge to realize quantum interference in multiple DOFs. Here, we demonstrate HOM interference between two hyperentangled photons in two DOFs of polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) for all 16 hyperentangled Bell states. We observe hyperentangled two-photon interference with a bunching effect for ten symmetric states (nine boson-boson states and one fermion-fermion state) and an antibunching effect for six antisymmetric states (three boson-fermion states and three fermion-boson states). More interestingly, expanding the Hilbert space by introducing an extra DOF for two photons enables one to transfer the unmeasurable external phase in the initial DOF to a measurable internal phase in the expanded two DOFs. We directly measured the symmetric exchange phases being 0.012±0.002, 0.025±0.002, and 0.027±0.002 in radian for the three boson states in OAM and the antisymmetric exchange phase being 0.991π±0.002 in radian for the other fermion state, as theoretical predictions. Our Letter may not only pave the way for more wide applications of quantum interference, but also develop new technologies by expanding Hilbert space in more DOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jia-Min Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Mo Cheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bo-Wen Dong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan-Chao Lou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shu-Tian Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui-Tian Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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3
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Giri MK, Mondal S, Das BP, Mishra T. Signatures of Nontrivial Pairing in the Quantum Walk of Two-Component Bosons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:050601. [PMID: 35960573 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nearest neighbor bosons possessing only on-site interactions do not form on-site bound pairs in their quantum walk due to fermionization. We obtain signatures of nontrivial on-site pairing in the quantum walk of strongly interacting two component bosons in a one dimensional lattice. By considering an initial state with particles from different components located at the nearest-neighbor sites in the central region of the lattice, we show that in the dynamical evolution of the system, competing intra- and intercomponent on-site repulsion leads to the formation of on-site intercomponent bound states. We find that when the total number of particles is three, an intercomponent pair is favored in the limit of equal intra- and intercomponent interaction strengths. However, when two bosons from each species are considered, intercomponent pairs and trimer are favored depending on the ratios of the intra- and intercomponent interactions. In both cases, we find that the quantum walks exhibit a reentrant behavior as a function of intercomponent interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Kanti Giri
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - Suman Mondal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - B P Das
- Centre for Quantum Engineering Research and Education, TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 70091, India
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-1-2-1-H86, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tapan Mishra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati-781039, India
- Centre for Quantum Engineering Research and Education, TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 70091, India
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
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4
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Giri MK, Mondal S, Das BP, Mishra T. Two component quantum walk in one-dimensional lattice with hopping imbalance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22056. [PMID: 34764349 PMCID: PMC8585883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the two-component quantum walk in one-dimensional lattice. We show that the inter-component interaction strength together with the hopping imbalance between the components exhibit distinct features in the quantum walk for different initial states. When the walkers are initially on the same site, both the slow and fast particles perform independent particle quantum walks when the interaction between them is weak. However, stronger inter-particle interactions result in quantum walks by the repulsively bound pair formed between the two particles. For different initial states when the walkers are on different sites initially, the quantum walk performed by the slow particle is almost independent of that of the fast particle, which exhibits reflected and transmitted components across the particle with large hopping strength for weak interactions. Beyond a critical value of the interaction strength, the wave function of the fast particle ceases to penetrate through the slow particle signalling a spatial phase separation. However, when the two particles are initially at the two opposite edges of the lattice, then the interaction facilitates the complete reflection of both of them from each other. We analyze the above mentioned features by examining various physical quantities such as the on-site density evolution, two-particle correlation functions and transmission coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Kanti Giri
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Suman Mondal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Bhanu Pratap Das
- Centre for Quantum Engineering Research and Education, TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 70091, India. .,Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-1-2-1-H86 Ookayama Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Tapan Mishra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, India. .,Centre for Quantum Engineering Research and Education, TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 70091, India.
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Yuan WH, Liu HL, Wei WZ, Ma ZY, Hao P, Deng Z, Deng K, Zhang J, Lu ZH. A simple method for in situ measurement of vacuum window birefringence. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:113001. [PMID: 31779433 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple method to measure the degrees of circular polarization (DoCP) of laser light inside a vacuum chamber and the birefringence of a vacuum window by detecting the fluorescence emitted by Doppler cooled ions in an ion trap. Imperfect laser polarization will cause ions to be pumped to the dark state which will decrease the fluorescence rates of the ions. With a simulation based on the rate equations of the relevant energy levels of 25Mg+ ions, we find that the fluorescence rate is sensitive to the DoCP of the laser. Based on the simulation result, we present a new method to optimize the DoCP of the laser inside the vacuum chamber by adjusting fast axis azimuthal angles of a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate outside the vacuum chamber. The laser light is optimized to be circularly polarized with an uncertainty of the DoCP of 7.8 × 10-5. With the obtained polarization information on both sides of the vacuum window and treating the vacuum window as an unknown wave plate, the phase delay and the fast axis azimuthal angle of the vacuum window can be determined in the form of Mueller matrix. The phase delay is determined to be 197.60(39)°, and the fast axis azimuthal angle is determined to be 104.00(5)°.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - W Z Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - P Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - K Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Z H Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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Urban E, Glikin N, Mouradian S, Krimmel K, Hemmerling B, Haeffner H. Coherent Control of the Rotational Degree of Freedom of a Two-Ion Coulomb Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:133202. [PMID: 31697556 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the preparation and coherent control of the angular momentum state of a two-ion crystal. The ions are prepared with an average angular momentum of 7850ℏ freely rotating at 100 kHz in a circularly symmetric potential, allowing us to address rotational sidebands. By coherently exciting these motional sidebands, we create superpositions of states separated by up to four angular momentum quanta. Ramsey experiments show the expected dephasing of the superposition which is dependent on the number of quanta separating the states. These results demonstrate coherent control of a collective motional state described as a quantum rotor in trapped ions. Moreover, our Letter offers an expansion of the utility of trapped ions for quantum simulation, interferometry, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Urban
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Neil Glikin
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sara Mouradian
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kai Krimmel
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
- QUANTUM, Institut fur Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Boerge Hemmerling
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Hartmut Haeffner
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Brünner T, Dufour G, Rodríguez A, Buchleitner A. Signatures of Indistinguishability in Bosonic Many-Body Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:210401. [PMID: 29883163 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of bosons in generic multimode systems, such as Bose-Hubbard models, are not only determined by interactions among the particles, but also by their mutual indistinguishability manifested in many-particle interference. We introduce a measure of indistinguishability for Fock states of bosons whose mutual distinguishability is controlled by an internal degree of freedom. We demonstrate how this measure emerges both in the noninteracting and interacting evolution of observables. In particular, we find an unambiguous relationship between our measure and the variance of single-particle observables in the noninteracting limit. A nonvanishing interaction leads to a hierarchy of interaction-induced interference processes, such that even the expectation value of single-particle observables is influenced by the degree of indistinguishability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brünner
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Dufour
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Rodríguez
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Buchleitner
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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