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Giesel PF, Fischer P, Schweikhard L. A multi-reflection time-of-flight setup for the study of atomic clusters produced by magnetron sputtering. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:023201. [PMID: 38341722 DOI: 10.1063/5.0183864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The Greifswald multi-reflection time-of-flight setup has been extended with a magnetron sputtering gas aggregation source for the production of atomic cluster ions with sizes ranging from a single to thousands of atoms. This source, combined with a newly added quadrupole mass filter and a linear Paul trap, opens up the possibility of many new atomic-cluster studies not feasible with the setup before. The new components and their interfacing with the previous setup are described, and benchmarking as well as the first experimental results are presented. The capability of the system to handle singly charged ions with masses of several ten thousand atomic mass units is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Giesel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Paul Fischer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lutz Schweikhard
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Jankowski A, Fischer P, Hansen K, Schweikhard L. Delayed photodissociation of the tin cluster Sn 22. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1105-1112. [PMID: 38098439 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Millisecond-delayed photodissociation of gas-phase Sn22- clusters stored in a Penning trap is investigated as a function of excitation energy. Sn15- is the only significant charged fragment, indicative of the break-off of neutral heptamers. Fits of the time-resolved fragmentation require a distribution of decay constants, caused by the finite width of the internal energy distribution of the cluster ensemble prior to photoexcitation. A lower limit for the dissociation energy for the loss of Sn7 is determined to be 2.1(1) eV, a factor of two above literature quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jankowski
- Institute for Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 6, 17498 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Paul Fischer
- Institute for Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 6, 17498 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Klavs Hansen
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lutz Schweikhard
- Institute for Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 6, 17498 Greifswald, Germany.
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Raspe K, Müller M, Iwe N, Wolf RN, Oelßner P, Martinez F, Schweikhard L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. A versatile setup for studying size and charge-state selected polyanionic nanoparticles. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:043301. [PMID: 35489944 DOI: 10.1063/5.0085187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using the example of metal clusters, an experimental setup and procedure is presented, which allows for the generation of size and charge-state selected polyanions from monoanions in a molecular beam. As a characteristic feature of this modular setup, the further charging process via sequential electron attachment within a three-state digital trap takes place after mass-selection. In contrast to other approaches, the rf-based concept permits access to heavy particles. The procedure is highly flexible with respect to the preparation process and potentially suitable for a wide variety of anionic species. By adjusting the storage conditions, i.e., the radio frequency, to the change in the mass-to-charge ratio, we succeeded in producing clusters in highly negative charge states, i.e., Ag800 7-. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated by experiments extracting electronic and optical properties of polyanionic metal clusters by analyzing the corresponding photoelectron spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - R N Wolf
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Oelßner
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Iwe N, Raspe K, Müller M, Martinez F, Schweikhard L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Size and charge-state dependence of detachment energies of polyanionic silver clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:164303. [PMID: 34717355 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic properties of silver clusters (N up to 800) charged by attachment of up to z = 7 excess electrons are investigated. As an essential preparation step, the technique of in-trap electron attachment to size-selected monoanions within a linear Paul trap is applied. By taking advantage of tunable laser pulses, the photoelectron spectra allow us to evaluate details of the electronic structure of polyanionic metal clusters, giving a multidimensional dataset. The subsequent analysis based on the liquid drop model provides information about the atomic structure and the bulk work function at a hitherto unknown quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Martinez F, Iwe N, Müller M, Raspe K, Schweikhard L, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Cresting the Coulomb Barrier of Polyanionic Metal Clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:133001. [PMID: 33861113 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Combining photoelectron spectroscopy with tunable laser pulse excitation allows us to characterize the Coulomb barrier potential of multiply negatively charged silver clusters. The spectra of mass- and charge-selected polyanionic systems, with z=2-5 excess electrons, show a characteristic dependence on the excitation energy, which emphasizes the role of electron tunneling through the barrier. By evaluating experimental data from an 800-atom system, the electron yield is parametrized with respect to tunneling near the photoemission threshold. This analysis results in the first experimentally based potential energy functions of polyanionic metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Ferrari P, Janssens E, Lievens P, Hansen K. Radiative cooling of size-selected gas phase clusters. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2019.1678929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ferrari
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Lievens
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klavs Hansen
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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