1
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Curcio A, Cianchi A, Costa G, Del Dotto A, Demurtas F, Ferrario M, Frías MDR, Galletti M, Pérez-Hernández JA, Gatti G. Reconstruction of lateral coherence and 2D emittance in plasma betatron X-ray sources. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1719. [PMID: 38243043 PMCID: PMC10799011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray sources have a strong social impact, being implemented for biomedical research, material and environmental sciences. Nowadays, compact and accessible sources are made using lasers. We report evidence of nontrivial spectral-angular correlations in a laser-driven betatron X-ray source. Furthermore, by angularly-resolved spectral measurements, we detect the signature of spatial phase modulations by the electron trajectories. This allows the lateral coherence function to be retrieved, leading to the evaluation of the coherence area of the source, determining its brightness. Finally, the proposed methodology allows the unprecedented reconstruction of the size of the X-ray source and the electron beam emittance in the two main emission planes in a single shot. This information will be of fundamental interest for user applications of new radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Cianchi
- Department of Physics, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- INFN-Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- NAST Centre, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Costa
- INFN-LNF, via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Dolores Rodríguez Frías
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Edificio M5, Parque Científico, C/ Adaja 8, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
- Dpto. Física y Matemáticas, Universidad de Alcalá, Plaza de San Diego, s/n Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Galletti
- Department of Physics, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- INFN-Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- NAST Centre, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - José Antonio Pérez-Hernández
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Edificio M5, Parque Científico, C/ Adaja 8, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Gatti
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Edificio M5, Parque Científico, C/ Adaja 8, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
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2
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Ong JF, Berceanu AC, Grigoriadis A, Andrianaki G, Dimitriou V, Tatarakis M, Papadogiannis NA, Benis EP. Non-linear QED approach for betatron radiation in a laser wakefield accelerator. Sci Rep 2024; 14:605. [PMID: 38182609 PMCID: PMC10770394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Laser plasma-based accelerators provide an excellent source of collimated, bright, and adequately coherent betatron-type x-ray pulses with potential applications in science and industry. So far the laser plasma-based betatron radiation has been described within the concept of classical Liénard-Wiechert potentials incorporated in particle-in-cell simulations, a computing power-demanding approach, especially for the case of multi-petawatt lasers. In this work, we describe the laser plasma-based generation of betatron radiation at the most fundamental level of quantum mechanics. In our approach, photon emission from the relativistic electrons in the plasma bubble is described within a nonlinear quantum electrodynamics (QED) framework. The reported QED-based betatron radiation results are in excellent agreement with similar results using Liénard-Wiechert potentials, as well as in very good agreement with betatron radiation measurements, obtained with multi-10-TW lasers interacting with He and multielectron N[Formula: see text] gas targets. Furthermore, our QED approach results in a dramatic reduction of the computational runtime demands, making it a favorable tool for designing betatron radiation experiments, especially in multi-petawatt laser facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ong
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), 30 Reactorului Street, 077125, Bucharest-Măgurele, RO, Romania.
| | - A C Berceanu
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), 30 Reactorului Street, 077125, Bucharest-Măgurele, RO, Romania
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100, Rethimno, Crete, Greece
| | - A Grigoriadis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100, Rethimno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - G Andrianaki
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100, Rethimno, Crete, Greece
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece
| | - V Dimitriou
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100, Rethimno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100, Rethimnon, Greece
| | - M Tatarakis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100, Rethimno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133, Chania, Greece
| | - N A Papadogiannis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100, Rethimno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100, Rethimnon, Greece
| | - E P Benis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100, Rethimno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
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3
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Rakowski R, Zhang P, Jensen K, Kettle B, Kawamoto T, Banerjee S, Fruhling C, Golovin G, Haden D, Robinson MS, Umstadter D, Shadwick BA, Fuchs M. Transverse oscillating bubble enhanced laser-driven betatron X-ray radiation generation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10855. [PMID: 35760934 PMCID: PMC9237036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast high-brightness X-ray pulses have proven invaluable for a broad range of research. Such pulses are typically generated via synchrotron emission from relativistic electron bunches using large-scale facilities. Recently, significantly more compact X-ray sources based on laser-wakefield accelerated (LWFA) electron beams have been demonstrated. In particular, laser-driven sources, where the radiation is generated by transverse oscillations of electrons within the plasma accelerator structure (so-called betatron oscillations) can generate highly-brilliant ultrashort X-ray pulses using a comparably simple setup. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a method to markedly enhance the parameters of LWFA-driven betatron X-ray emission in a proof-of-principle experiment. We show a significant increase in the number of generated photons by specifically manipulating the amplitude of the betatron oscillations by using our novel Transverse Oscillating Bubble Enhanced Betatron Radiation scheme. We realize this through an orchestrated evolution of the temporal laser pulse shape and the accelerating plasma structure. This leads to controlled off-axis injection of electrons that perform large-amplitude collective transverse betatron oscillations, resulting in increased radiation emission. Our concept holds the promise for a method to optimize the X-ray parameters for specific applications, such as time-resolved investigations with spatial and temporal atomic resolution or advanced high-resolution imaging modalities, and the generation of X-ray beams with even higher peak and average brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Rakowski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Kyle Jensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Brendan Kettle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Tim Kawamoto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Sudeep Banerjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Colton Fruhling
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Grigory Golovin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Daniel Haden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Matthew S Robinson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Donald Umstadter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - B A Shadwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Matthias Fuchs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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4
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Sedaghat M, Amouye Foumani A, Niknam AR. Controlling the characteristics of injected and accelerated electron bunch in corrugated plasma channel by temporally asymmetric laser pulses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8115. [PMID: 35581299 PMCID: PMC9114400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerators, the accelerating electric field is orders of magnitude stronger than in conventional radio-frequency particle accelerators, but the dephasing between the ultrarelativistic electron bunch and the wakefield traveling at the group velocity of the laser pulse puts a limit on the energy gain. Quasi-phase-matching, enabled by corrugated plasma channels, is a technique for overcoming the dephasing limitation. The attainable energy and the final properties of accelerated electron beams are of utmost importance in laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA). In this work, using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, the effect of the driving pulse duration on the performance of quasi-phase-matched laser wakefield acceleration (QPM-LWFA) is investigated. It is observed that for a pulse duration around half the plasma period, the maximum energy gain of the beam electrons finds its peak value. However, the results show that for a pulse of that duration the collimation of the bunch is much worse, compared to the case where the pulse duration is twice as long. Furthermore, the dynamics of the laser pulse and the evolution of the quality of the externally-injected electron bunch are studied for a symmetric pulse with sine-squared temporal profile, a positive skew pulse (i.e., one with sharp rise and slow fall), and a negative skew pulse (i.e., one with a slow rise and sharp fall). The results indicate that for a laser pulse with an appropriate pulse length compared with the plasma wavelength, the wakefield amplitude can be greatly enhanced by using a positive skew pulse, which leads to higher energy gain. Initially, this results from the stronger ponderomotive force associated with a fast rise time. Later, due to the distinct evolution of the three pulses with different initial profiles, the wakefield excited by the positive skew pulse becomes even stronger. In our simulations, the maximum energy gain for the asymmetric laser pulse with a fast rise time is almost two times larger than for the temporally symmetric laser pulse. Nevertheless, stronger focusing and defocusing fields are generated as well if a positive skew pulse is applied, which degrade the collimation of the bunch. These results should be taken into account in the design of miniature particle accelerators based on QPM-LWFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sedaghat
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Amouye Foumani
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - A R Niknam
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Lobok MG, Andriyash IA, Vais OE, Malka V, Bychenkov VY. Bright synchrotron radiation from relativistic self-trapping of a short laser pulse in near-critical density plasma. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:L053201. [PMID: 34942843 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.l053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In a dense gas plasma a short laser pulse propagates in a relativistic self-trapping mode, which enables the effective conversion of laser energy to the accelerated electrons. This regime sustains effective loading which maximizes the total charge of the accelerating electrons, that provides a large amount of betatron radiation. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate how such a regime triggers x-ray generation with 0.1-1 MeV photon energies, low divergence, and high brightness. It is shown that a 135-TW laser can be used to produce 3×10^{10} photons of >10 keV energy and a 1.2-PW laser makes it possible generating about 10^{12} photons in the same energy range. The laser-to-gamma energy conversion efficiency is up to 10^{-4} for the high-energy photons, ∼100 keV, while the conversion efficiency to the entire keV-range x rays is estimated to be a few tenths of a percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Lobok
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - I A Andriyash
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, UMR7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - O E Vais
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - V Malka
- Department of Physics and Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - V Yu Bychenkov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
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6
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Lu Y, Zhang GB, Zhao J, Hu YT, Zhang H, Li DA, Li QN, Cao Y, Wu YB, Yin Y, Shao FQ, Yu TP. Ultra-brilliant GeV betatronlike radiation from energetic electrons oscillating in frequency-downshifted laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:8926-8940. [PMID: 33820333 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies with high collimation via laser wakefield acceleration in the bubble regime and emit bright betatron radiation in a table-top size. However, the radiation brightness is usually limited to the third-generation synchrotron radiation facilities operating at similar photon energies. Using a two-stage plasma configuration, we propose a novel scheme for generating betatronlike radiation with an extremely high brilliance. In this scheme, the relativistic electrons inside the bubble injected from the first stage can catch up with the frequency-downshifted laser pulse formed in the second stage. The laser red shift originates from the phase modulation, together with the group velocity dispersion, which enables more energy to be transfered from the laser pulse to γ-photons, giving rise to ultra-brilliant betatronlike radiation. Multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations indicate that the radiated γ-photons have the cut-off energy of GeV and a peak brilliance of 1026 photons s-1 mm-2 mrad-2 per 0.1%BW at 1 MeV, which may have diverse applications in various fields.
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7
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Sampath A, Davoine X, Corde S, Gremillet L, Gilljohann M, Sangal M, Keitel CH, Ariniello R, Cary J, Ekerfelt H, Emma C, Fiuza F, Fujii H, Hogan M, Joshi C, Knetsch A, Kononenko O, Lee V, Litos M, Marsh K, Nie Z, O'Shea B, Peterson JR, Claveria PSM, Storey D, Wu Y, Xu X, Zhang C, Tamburini M. Extremely Dense Gamma-Ray Pulses in Electron Beam-Multifoil Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:064801. [PMID: 33635713 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.064801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sources of high-energy photons have important applications in almost all areas of research. However, the photon flux and intensity of existing sources is strongly limited for photon energies above a few hundred keV. Here we show that a high-current ultrarelativistic electron beam interacting with multiple submicrometer-thick conducting foils can undergo strong self-focusing accompanied by efficient emission of gamma-ray synchrotron photons. Physically, self-focusing and high-energy photon emission originate from the beam interaction with the near-field transition radiation accompanying the beam-foil collision. This near field radiation is of amplitude comparable with the beam self-field, and can be strong enough that a single emitted photon can carry away a significant fraction of the emitting electron energy. After beam collision with multiple foils, femtosecond collimated electron and photon beams with number density exceeding that of a solid are obtained. The relative simplicity, unique properties, and high efficiency of this gamma-ray source open up new opportunities for both applied and fundamental research including laserless investigations of strong-field QED processes with a single electron beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sampath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xavier Davoine
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - Sébastien Corde
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Laurent Gremillet
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - Max Gilljohann
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Maitreyi Sangal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Ariniello
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - John Cary
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Henrik Ekerfelt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Claudio Emma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Frederico Fiuza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Hiroki Fujii
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Mark Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Knetsch
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Olena Kononenko
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Valentina Lee
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Mike Litos
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Kenneth Marsh
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Zan Nie
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Brendan O'Shea
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Ryan Peterson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford University, Physics Department, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Pablo San Miguel Claveria
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Doug Storey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Yipeng Wu
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Xinlu Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Tamburini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Labate L, Palla D, Panetta D, Avella F, Baffigi F, Brandi F, Di Martino F, Fulgentini L, Giulietti A, Köster P, Terzani D, Tomassini P, Traino C, Gizzi LA. Toward an effective use of laser-driven very high energy electrons for radiotherapy: Feasibility assessment of multi-field and intensity modulation irradiation schemes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17307. [PMID: 33057078 PMCID: PMC7560873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy with very high energy electrons has been investigated for a couple of decades as an effective approach to improve dose distribution compared to conventional photon-based radiotherapy, with the recent intriguing potential of high dose-rate irradiation. Its practical application to treatment has been hindered by the lack of hospital-scale accelerators. High-gradient laser-plasma accelerators (LPA) have been proposed as a possible platform, but no experiments so far have explored the feasibility of a clinical use of this concept. We show the results of an experimental study aimed at assessing dose deposition for deep seated tumours using advanced irradiation schemes with an existing LPA source. Measurements show control of localized dose deposition and modulation, suitable to target a volume at depths in the range from 5 to 10 cm with mm resolution. The dose delivered to the target was up to 1.6 Gy, delivered with few hundreds of shots, limited by secondary components of the LPA accelerator. Measurements suggest that therapeutic doses within localized volumes can already be obtained with existing LPA technology, calling for dedicated pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Labate
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniele Palla
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Avella
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Baffigi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fernando Brandi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Martino
- Unità Operativa di Fisica Sanitaria, Azienza Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fulgentini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Giulietti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Petra Köster
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Terzani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LBL, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Tomassini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Traino
- Unità Operativa di Fisica Sanitaria, Azienza Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonida A Gizzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy.
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9
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Tomkus V, Girdauskas V, Dudutis J, Gečys P, Stankevič V, Račiukaitis G, Gallardo González I, Guénot D, Svensson JB, Persson A, Lundh O. Laser wakefield accelerated electron beams and betatron radiation from multijet gas targets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16807. [PMID: 33033319 PMCID: PMC7545103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser Plasma Wakefield Accelerated (LWFA) electron beams and efficiency of betatron X-ray sources is studied using laser micromachined supersonic gas jet nozzle arrays. Separate sections of the target are used for the injection, acceleration and enhancement of electron oscillation. In this report, we present the results of LWFA and X-ray generation using dynamic gas density grid built by shock-waves of colliding jets. The experiment was done with the 40 TW, 35 fs laser at the Lund Laser Centre. Electron energies of 30–150 MeV and 1.0 × 108–5.5 × 108 photons per shot of betatron radiation have been measured. The implementation of the betatron source with separate regions of LWFA and plasma density grid raised the efficiency of X-ray generation and increased the number of photons per shot by a factor of 2–3 relative to a single-jet gas target source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidmantas Tomkus
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 02300, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Valdas Girdauskas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 02300, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Vytautas Magnus University, 44248, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Dudutis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Gečys
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | - Diego Guénot
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Persson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Horný V, Krůs M, Yan W, Fülöp T. Attosecond betatron radiation pulse train. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15074. [PMID: 32934289 PMCID: PMC7493897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity X-ray sources are essential diagnostic tools for science, technology and medicine. Such X-ray sources can be produced in laser-plasma accelerators, where electrons emit short-wavelength radiation due to their betatron oscillations in the plasma wake of a laser pulse. Contemporary available betatron radiation X-ray sources can deliver a collimated X-ray pulse of duration on the order of several femtoseconds from a source size of the order of several micrometres. In this paper we demonstrate, through particle-in-cell simulations, that the temporal resolution of such a source can be enhanced by an order of magnitude by a spatial modulation of the emitting relativistic electron bunch. The modulation is achieved by the interaction of the that electron bunch with a co-propagating laser beam which results in the generation of a train of equidistant sub-femtosecond X-ray pulses. The distance between the single pulses of a train is tuned by the wavelength of the modulation laser pulse. The modelled experimental setup is achievable with current technologies. Potential applications include stroboscopic sampling of ultrafast fundamental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Horný
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00, Praha 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Krůs
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00, Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Wenchao Yan
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, ELI BEAMLINES, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21, Praha 8, Czech Republic.,Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tünde Fülöp
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Li YF, Chen YY, Wang WM, Hu HS. Production of Highly Polarized Positron Beams via Helicity Transfer from Polarized Electrons in a Strong Laser Field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:044802. [PMID: 32794799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.044802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The production of a highly polarized positron beam via nonlinear Breit-Wheeler processes during the interaction of an ultraintense circularly polarized laser pulse with a longitudinally spin-polarized ultrarelativistic electron beam is investigated theoretically. A new Monte Carlo method employing fully spin-resolved quantum probabilities is developed under the local constant field approximation to include three-dimensional polarization effects in strong laser fields. The produced positrons are longitudinally polarized through polarization transferred from the polarized electrons by the medium of high-energy photons. The polarization transfer efficiency can approach 100% for the energetic positrons moving at smaller deflection angles. This method simplifies the postselection procedure to generate high-quality positron beams in further applications. In a feasible scenario, a highly polarized (40%-65%), intense (10^{5}-10^{6}/bunch), collimated (5-70 mrad) positron beam can be obtained in a femtosecond timescale. The longitudinally polarized positron sources are desirable for applications in high-energy physics and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yue-Yue Chen
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua-Si Hu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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12
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Zhu XL, Chen M, Weng SM, Yu TP, Wang WM, He F, Sheng ZM, McKenna P, Jaroszynski DA, Zhang J. Extremely brilliant GeV γ-rays from a two-stage laser-plasma accelerator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz7240. [PMID: 32523994 PMCID: PMC7259925 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in laser-wakefield accelerators have led to compact ultrashort X/γ-ray sources that can deliver peak brilliance comparable with conventional synchrotron sources. Such sources normally have low efficiencies and are limited to 107-8 photons/shot in the keV to MeV range. We present a novel scheme to efficiently produce collimated ultrabright γ-ray beams with photon energies tunable up to GeV by focusing a multi-petawatt laser pulse into a two-stage wakefield accelerator. This high-intensity laser enables efficient generation of a multi-GeV electron beam with a high density and tens-nC charge in the first stage. Subsequently, both the laser and electron beams enter into a higher-density plasma region in the second stage. Numerical simulations demonstrate that more than 1012 γ-ray photons/shot are produced with energy conversion efficiency above 10% for photons above 1 MeV, and the peak brilliance is above 1026 photons s-1 mm-2 mrad-2 per 0.1% bandwidth at 1 MeV. This offers new opportunities for both fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Long Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Su-Ming Weng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tong-Pu Yu
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Paul McKenna
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Dino A. Jaroszynski
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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13
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Martinez de la Ossa A, Assmann RW, Bussmann M, Corde S, Couperus Cabadağ JP, Debus A, Döpp A, Ferran Pousa A, Gilljohann MF, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Irman A, Karsch S, Kononenko O, Kurz T, Osterhoff J, Pausch R, Schöbel S, Schramm U. Hybrid LWFA-PWFA staging as a beam energy and brightness transformer: conceptual design and simulations. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180175. [PMID: 31230579 PMCID: PMC6602909 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a conceptual design for a hybrid laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (LWFA) to beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA). In this set-up, the output beams from an LWFA stage are used as input beams of a new PWFA stage. In the PWFA stage, a new witness beam of largely increased quality can be produced and accelerated to higher energies. The feasibility and the potential of this concept is shown through exemplary particle-in-cell simulations. In addition, preliminary simulation results for a proof-of-concept experiment in Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (Germany) are shown. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. W. Assmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | | | - A. Debus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Döpp
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Ferran Pousa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. F. Gilljohann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T. Heinemann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - B. Hidding
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - A. Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Karsch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - O. Kononenko
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - T. Kurz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Schöbel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - U. Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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14
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Abstract
Fundamental similarities and differences between laser-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and particle-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) are discussed. The complementary features enable the conception and development of novel hybrid plasma accelerators, which allow previously not accessible compact solutions for high quality electron bunch generation and arising applications. Very high energy gains can be realized by electron beam drivers even in single stages because PWFA is practically dephasing-free and not diffraction-limited. These electron driver beams for PWFA in turn can be produced in compact LWFA stages. In various hybrid approaches, these PWFA systems can be spiked with ionizing laser pulses to realize tunable and high-quality electron sources via optical density downramp injection (also known as plasma torch) or plasma photocathodes (also known as Trojan Horse) and via wakefield-induced injection (also known as WII). These hybrids can act as beam energy, brightness and quality transformers, and partially have built-in stabilizing features. They thus offer compact pathways towards beams with unprecedented emittance and brightness, which may have transformative impact for light sources and photon science applications. Furthermore, they allow the study of PWFA-specific challenges in compact setups in addition to large linac-based facilities, such as fundamental beam–plasma interaction physics, to develop novel diagnostics, and to develop contributions such as ultralow emittance test beams or other building blocks and schemes which support future plasma-based collider concepts.
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15
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Tomkus V, Girdauskas V, Dudutis J, Gečys P, Stankevič V, Račiukaitis G. High-density gas capillary nozzles manufactured by hybrid 3D laser machining technique from fused silica. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:27965-27977. [PMID: 30469853 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.027965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this report, an efficient hybrid laser technique, nanosecond laser rear-side processing and femtosecond laser-assisted selective etching (FLSE) for the manufacturing of high-density gas capillary targets, is demonstrated. Cylindrical capillary nozzles for laser betatron X-ray sources were numerically simulated, manufactured from fused silica by 3D laser inscription and characterized using interferometry and gas density reconstruction. The dependence of gas concentration profiles on the wall roughness of cylindrical channels is presented.
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