1
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McRoberts AJ, Bilitewski T, Haque M, Moessner R. Domain Wall Dynamics in Classical Spin Chains: Free Propagation, Subdiffusive Spreading, and Soliton Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:057202. [PMID: 38364166 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.057202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The nonequilibrium dynamics of domain wall initial states in a classical anisotropic Heisenberg chain exhibits a striking coexistence of apparently linear and nonlinear behaviors: the propagation and spreading of the domain wall can be captured quantitatively by linear, i.e., noninteracting, spin wave theory absent its usual justifications; while, simultaneously, for a wide range of easy-plane anisotropies, emission can take the place of stable solitons-a process and objects intrinsically associated with interactions and nonlinearities. The easy-axis domain wall only has transient dynamics, the isotropic one broadens diffusively, while the easy-plane one yields a pair of ballistically counterpropagating domain walls which, unusually, broaden subdiffusively, their width scaling as t^{1/3}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J McRoberts
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Bilitewski
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Masudul Haque
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roderich Moessner
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Sinha S, Ray S, Sinha S. Classical route to ergodicity and scarring in collective quantum systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:163001. [PMID: 38190726 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad1bf5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Ergodicity, a fundamental concept in statistical mechanics, is not yet a fully understood phenomena for closed quantum systems, particularly its connection with the underlying chaos. In this review, we consider a few examples of collective quantum systems to unveil the intricate relationship of ergodicity as well as its deviation due to quantum scarring phenomena with their classical counterpart. A comprehensive overview of classical and quantum chaos is provided, along with the tools essential for their detection. Furthermore, we survey recent theoretical and experimental advancements in the domain of ergodicity and its violations. This review aims to illuminate the classical perspective of quantum scarring phenomena in interacting quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Sayak Ray
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nußallee 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Subhasis Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
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3
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Ruidas S, Banerjee S. Semiclassical Limit of a Measurement-Induced Transition in Many-Body Chaos in Integrable and Nonintegrable Oscillator Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:030402. [PMID: 38307083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We discuss the dynamics of integrable and nonintegrable chains of coupled oscillators under continuous weak position measurements in the semiclassical limit. We show that, in this limit, the dynamics is described by a standard stochastic Langevin equation, and a measurement-induced transition appears as a noise- and dissipation-induced chaotic-to-nonchaotic transition akin to stochastic synchronization. In the nonintegrable chain of anharmonically coupled oscillators, we show that the temporal growth and the ballistic light-cone spread of a classical out-of-time correlator characterized by the Lyapunov exponent and the butterfly velocity are halted above a noise or below an interaction strength. The Lyapunov exponent and the butterfly velocity both act like order parameter, vanishing in the nonchaotic phase. In addition, the butterfly velocity exhibits a critical finite-size scaling. For the integrable model, we consider the classical Toda chain and show that the Lyapunov exponent changes nonmonotonically with the noise strength, vanishing at the zero noise limit and above a critical noise, with a maximum at an intermediate noise strength. The butterfly velocity in the Toda chain shows a singular behavior approaching the integrable limit of zero noise strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibaram Ruidas
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sumilan Banerjee
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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4
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Roy D, Huse DA, Kulkarni M. Out-of-time-ordered correlator in the one-dimensional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky and Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equations. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054112. [PMID: 38115452 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) has emerged as an interesting object in both classical and quantum systems for probing the spatial spread and temporal growth of initially local perturbations in spatially extended chaotic systems. Here, we study the (classical) OTOC and its "light cone" in the nonlinear Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation, using extensive numerical simulations. We also show that the linearized KS equation exhibits a qualitatively similar OTOC and light cone, which can be understood via a saddle-point analysis of the linearly unstable modes. Given the deep connection between the KS (deterministic) and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ, which is stochastic) equations, we also explore the OTOC in the KPZ equation. While our numerical results in the KS case are expected to hold in the continuum limit, for the KPZ case it is valid in a discretized version of the KPZ equation. More broadly, our work unravels the intrinsic interplay between noise/instability, nonlinearity, and dissipation in partial differential equations (deterministic or stochastic) through the lens of OTOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Roy
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560089, India
| | - David A Huse
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Manas Kulkarni
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560089, India
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5
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Deger A, Lazarides A, Roy S. Constrained Dynamics and Directed Percolation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:190601. [PMID: 36399733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.190601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In a recent work [A. Deger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 160601 (2022).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.129.160601] we have shown that kinetic constraints can completely arrest many-body chaos in the dynamics of a classical, deterministic, translationally invariant spin system with the strength of the constraint driving a dynamical phase transition. Using extensive numerical simulations and scaling analyses we demonstrate here that this constraint-induced phase transition lies in the directed percolation universality class in both one and two spatial dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Deger
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Achilleas Lazarides
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Sthitadhi Roy
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
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6
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Deger A, Roy S, Lazarides A. Arresting Classical Many-Body Chaos by Kinetic Constraints. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:160601. [PMID: 36306744 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.160601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of kinetic constraints on classical many-body chaos in a translationally invariant Heisenberg spin chain using a classical counterpart of the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC). The strength of the constraint drives a "dynamical phase transition" separating a delocalized phase, where the classical OTOC propagates ballistically, from a localized phase, where the OTOC does not propagate at all and the entire system freezes. This is unexpected given that all spin configurations are dynamically connected to each other. We show that localization arises due to the dynamical formation of frozen islands, contiguous segments of spins immobile due to the constraints, dominating over the melting of such islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Deger
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Sthitadhi Roy
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Achilleas Lazarides
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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7
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S BK, Huse DA, Kulkarni M. Spatiotemporal spread of perturbations in power-law models at low temperatures: Exact results for classical out-of-time-order correlators. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044117. [PMID: 34781511 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present exact results for the classical version of the out-of-time-order commutator (OTOC) for a family of power-law models consisting of N particles in one dimension and confined by an external harmonic potential. These particles are interacting via power-law interaction of the form ∝∑_{i,j=1(i≠j)}^{N}|x_{i}-x_{j}|^{-k}∀k>1 where x_{i} is the position of the ith particle. We present numerical results for the OTOC for finite N at low temperatures and short enough times so that the system is well approximated by the linearized dynamics around the many-body ground state. In the large-N limit, we compute the ground-state dispersion relation in the absence of external harmonic potential exactly and use it to arrive at analytical results for OTOC. We find excellent agreement between our analytical results and the numerics. We further obtain analytical results in the limit where only linear and leading nonlinear (in momentum) terms in the dispersion relation are included. The resulting OTOC is in agreement with numerics in the vicinity of the edge of the "light cone." We find remarkably distinct features in OTOC below and above k=3 in terms of going from non-Airy behavior (1<k<3) to an Airy universality class (k>3). We present certain additional rich features for the case k=2 that stem from the underlying integrability of the Calogero-Moser model. We present a field theory approach that also assists in understanding certain aspects of OTOC such as the sound speed. Our findings are a step forward towards a more general understanding of the spatiotemporal spread of perturbations in long-range interacting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Kiran S
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - David A Huse
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Manas Kulkarni
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
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8
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Chatterjee AK, Kulkarni M, Kundu A. Dynamical regimes of finite-temperature discrete nonlinear Schrödinger chain. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044136. [PMID: 34781584 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We show that the one-dimensional discrete nonlinear Schrödinger chain (DNLS) at finite temperature has three different dynamical regimes (ultralow-, low-, and high-temperature regimes). This has been established via (i) one-point macroscopic thermodynamic observables (temperature T, energy density ε, and the relationship between them), (ii) emergence and disappearance of an additional almost conserved quantity (total phase difference), and (iii) classical out-of-time-ordered correlators and related quantities (butterfly speed and Lyapunov exponents). The crossover temperatures T_{l-ul} (between low- and ultra-low-temperature regimes) and T_{h-l} (between the high- and low-temperature regimes) extracted from these three different approaches are consistent with each other. The analysis presented here is an important step forward toward the understanding of DNLS which is ubiquitous in many fields and has a nonseparable Hamiltonian form. Our work also shows that the different methods used here can serve as important tools to identify dynamical regimes in other interacting many-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Chatterjee
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - Manas Kulkarni
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - Anupam Kundu
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
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9
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Murugan SD, Kumar D, Bhattacharjee S, Ray SS. Many-Body Chaos in Thermalized Fluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:124501. [PMID: 34597108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.124501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Linking thermodynamic variables like temperature T and the measure of chaos, the Lyapunov exponents λ, is a question of fundamental importance in many-body systems. By using nonlinear fluid equations in one and three dimensions, we show that in thermalized flows λ∝sqrt[T], in agreement with results from frustrated spin systems. This suggests an underlying universality and provides evidence for recent conjectures on the thermal scaling of λ. We also reconcile seemingly disparate effects-equilibration on one hand and pushing systems out of equilibrium on the other-of many-body chaos by relating λ to T through the dynamical structures of the flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugan D Murugan
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - Dheeraj Kumar
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
- PMMH, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Subhro Bhattacharjee
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - Samriddhi Sankar Ray
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
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10
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Sinha S, Ray S, Sinha S. Fingerprint of chaos and quantum scars in kicked Dicke model: an out-of-time-order correlator study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:174005. [PMID: 33530075 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abe26b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the onset of chaos in a periodically kicked Dicke model (KDM), using the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) as a diagnostic tool, in both the oscillator and the spin subspaces. In the large spin limit, the classical Hamiltonian map is constructed, which allows us to investigate the corresponding phase space dynamics and to compute the Lyapunov exponent. We show that the growth rate of the OTOC for the canonically conjugate coordinates of the oscillator is able to capture the Lyapunov exponent in the chaotic regime. The onset of chaos is further investigated using the saturation value of the OTOC, that can serve as an alternate indicator of chaos in a generic interacting quantum system. This is also supported by a system independent effective random matrix model. We further identify the quantum scars in KDM and detect their dynamical signature by using the OTOC dynamics. The relevance of the present study in the context of ongoing cold atom experiments is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Sayak Ray
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Subhasis Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
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11
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Wang J, Benenti G, Casati G, Wang WG. Quantum chaos and the correspondence principle. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:L030201. [PMID: 33862813 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.l030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The correspondence principle is a cornerstone in the entire construction of quantum mechanics. This principle has been recently challenged by the observation of an early-time exponential increase of the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) in classically nonchaotic systems [E. B. Rozenbaum et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 014101 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.014101]. Here, we show that the correspondence principle is restored after a proper treatment of the singular points. Furthermore, our results show that the OTOC maintains its role as a diagnostic of chaotic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaozi Wang
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Giuliano Benenti
- Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Casati
- Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy.,International Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, CP 1613, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Wen-Ge Wang
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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12
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Kuwahara T, Saito K. Absence of Fast Scrambling in Thermodynamically Stable Long-Range Interacting Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:030604. [PMID: 33543944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) in systems with power-law decaying interactions such as R^{-α}, where R is the distance. In such systems, the fast scrambling of quantum information or the exponential growth of information propagation can potentially occur according to the decay rate α. In this regard, a crucial open challenge is to identify the optimal condition for α such that fast scrambling cannot occur. In this study, we disprove fast scrambling in generic long-range interacting systems with α>D (D: spatial dimension), where the total energy is extensive in terms of system size and the thermodynamic limit is well defined. We rigorously demonstrate that the OTOC shows a polynomial growth over time as long as α>D and the necessary scrambling time over a distance R is larger than t≳R^{[(2α-2D)/(2α-D+1)]}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Kuwahara
- Mathematical Science Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Theoretical & Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS) RIKEN 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiji Saito
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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13
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Chatterjee AK, Kundu A, Kulkarni M. Spatiotemporal spread of perturbations in a driven dissipative Duffing chain: An out-of-time-ordered correlator approach. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:052103. [PMID: 33327101 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.052103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) have been extensively used as a major tool for exploring quantum chaos, and recently there has been a classical analog. Studies have been limited to closed systems. In this work, we probe an open classical many-body system, more specifically, a spatially extended driven dissipative chain of coupled Duffing oscillators using the classical OTOC to investigate the spread and growth (decay) of an initially localized perturbation in the chain. Correspondingly, we find three distinct types of dynamical behavior: the sustained chaos, transient chaos, and nonchaotic region, as clearly exhibited by different geometrical shapes in the OTOC heat map. To quantify such differences, we look at instantaneous speed (IS), finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLEs), and velocity-dependent Lyapunov exponents (VDLEs) extracted from OTOCs. Introduction of these quantities turns out to be instrumental in diagnosing and demarcating different regimes of dynamical behavior. To gain control over open nonlinear systems, it is important to look at the variation of these quantities with respect to parameters. As we tune drive, dissipation, and coupling, FTLEs and IS exhibit transition between sustained chaos and nonchaotic regimes with intermediate transient chaos regimes and highly intermittent sustained chaos points. In the limit of zero nonlinearity, we present exact analytical results for the driven dissipative harmonic system, and we find that our analytical results can very well describe the nonchaotic regime as well as the late-time behavior in the transient regime of the Duffing chain. We believe that this analysis is an important step forward towards understanding nonlinear dynamics, chaos, and spatiotemporal spread of perturbations in many-particle open systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Chatterjee
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - Anupam Kundu
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - Manas Kulkarni
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
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14
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Kumar M, Kundu A, Kulkarni M, Huse DA, Dhar A. Transport, correlations, and chaos in a classical disordered anharmonic chain. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:022130. [PMID: 32942452 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.022130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We explore transport properties in a disordered nonlinear chain of classical harmonic oscillators, and thereby identify a regime exhibiting behavior analogous to that seen in quantum many-body-localized systems. Through extensive numerical simulations of this system connected at its ends to heat baths at different temperatures, we computed the heat current and the temperature profile in the nonequilibrium steady state as a function of system size N, disorder strength Δ, and temperature T. The conductivity κ_{N}, obtained for finite length (N), saturates to a value κ_{∞}>0 in the large N limit, for all values of disorder strength Δ and temperature T>0. We show evidence that for any Δ>0 the conductivity goes to zero faster than any power of T in the (T/Δ)→0 limit, and find that the form κ_{∞}∼e^{-B|ln(CΔ/T)|^{3}} fits our data. This form has earlier been suggested by a theory based on the dynamics of multioscillator chaotic islands. The finite-size effect can be κ_{N}<κ_{∞} due to boundary resistance when the bulk conductivity is high (the weak disorder case), or κ_{N}>κ_{∞} due to direct bath-to-bath coupling through bulk localized modes when the bulk is weakly conducting (the strong disorder case). We also present results on equilibrium dynamical correlation functions and on the role of chaos on transport properties. Finally, we explore the differences in the growth and propagation of chaos in the weak and strong chaos regimes by studying the classical version of the out-of-time-ordered commutator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India.,Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Anupam Kundu
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - Manas Kulkarni
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - David A Huse
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Abhishek Dhar
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
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15
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De Nardis J, Medenjak M, Karrasch C, Ilievski E. Universality Classes of Spin Transport in One-Dimensional Isotropic Magnets: The Onset of Logarithmic Anomalies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:210605. [PMID: 32530698 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.210605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a systematic study of finite-temperature spin transport in quantum and classical one-dimensional magnets with isotropic spin interactions, including both integrable and nonintegrable models. Employing a phenomenological framework based on a generalized Burgers' equation in a time-dependent stochastic environment, we identify four different universality classes of spin fluctuations. These comprise, aside from normal spin diffusion, three types of superdiffusive transport: the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class and two distinct types of anomalous diffusion with multiplicative logarithmic corrections. Our predictions are supported by extensive numerical simulations on various examples of quantum and classical chains. Contrary to common belief, we demonstrate that even nonintegrable spin chains can display a diverging spin diffusion constant at finite temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo De Nardis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Marko Medenjak
- Institut de Physique Théorique Philippe Meyer, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christoph Karrasch
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mathematische Physik, Mendelssohnstraße 3, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Enej Ilievski
- Faculty for Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Wurtz J, Polkovnikov A. Quantum diffusion in spin chains with phase space methods. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:052120. [PMID: 32575223 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.052120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Connecting short-time microscopic dynamics with long-time hydrodynamics in strongly correlated quantum systems is one of the outstanding questions. In particular, it is hard to determine various hydrodynamic coefficients such as the diffusion constant or viscosity starting from a microscopic model: exact quantum simulations are limited to either small system sizes or to short times, which are insufficient to reach asymptotic behavior and so various approximations must be applied. We show that these difficulties, at least for particular models, can be circumvented by using the cluster truncated Wigner approximation (CTWA), which maps quantum Hamiltonian dynamics into classical Hamiltonian dynamics in auxiliary high-dimensional phase space. We apply CTWA to XXZ next-nearest-neighbor spin-1/2 chains and XY spin ladders, and find behavior consisting of short-time spin relaxation which gradually crosses over to emergent diffusive behavior at long times. For a random initial state, we show that CTWA correctly reproduces the whole spin spectral function. Necessary in this construction is sampling from properly fluctuating initial conditions: the Dirac mean-field (variational) ansatz, which neglects such fluctuations, leads to incorrect predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wurtz
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anatoli Polkovnikov
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Bilitewski T, Bhattacharjee S, Moessner R. Temperature Dependence of the Butterfly Effect in a Classical Many-Body System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:250602. [PMID: 30608848 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.250602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the chaotic dynamics in a classical many-body system of interacting spins on the kagome lattice. We characterize many-body chaos via the butterfly effect as captured by an appropriate out-of-time-ordered commutator. Due to the emergence of a spin-liquid phase, the chaotic dynamics extends all the way to zero temperature. We thus determine the full temperature dependence of two complementary aspects of the butterfly effect: the Lyapunov exponent, μ, and the butterfly speed, v_{b}, and study their interrelations with usual measures of spin dynamics such as the spin-diffusion constant, D, and spin-autocorrelation time, τ. We find that they all exhibit power-law behavior at low temperature, consistent with scaling of the form D∼v_{b}^{2}/μ and τ^{-1}∼T. The vanishing of μ∼T^{0.48} is parametrically slower than that of the corresponding quantum bound, μ∼T, raising interesting questions regarding the semiclassical limit of such spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bilitewski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Subhro Bhattacharjee
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - Roderich Moessner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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