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Gaikwad C, Kowsari D, Brame C, Song X, Zhang H, Esposito M, Ranadive A, Cappelli G, Roch N, Levenson-Falk EM, Murch KW. Entanglement Assisted Probe of the Non-Markovian to Markovian Transition in Open Quantum System Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:200401. [PMID: 38829081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
We utilize a superconducting qubit processor to experimentally probe non-Markovian dynamics of an entangled qubit pair. We prepare an entangled state between two qubits and monitor the evolution of entanglement over time as one of the qubits interacts with a small quantum environment consisting of an auxiliary transmon qubit coupled to its readout cavity. We observe the collapse and revival of the entanglement as a signature of quantum memory effects in the environment. We then engineer the non-Markovianity of the environment by populating its readout cavity with thermal photons to show a transition from non-Markovian to Markovian dynamics, ultimately reaching a regime where the quantum Zeno effect creates a decoherence-free subspace that effectively stabilizes the entanglement between the qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria Kowsari
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Center for Quantum Information Science and Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Carson Brame
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Xingrui Song
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Haimeng Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information Science and Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Martina Esposito
- CNR-SPIN Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Arpit Ranadive
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giulio Cappelli
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Roch
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eli M Levenson-Falk
- Center for Quantum Information Science and Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Kater W Murch
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Head-Marsden K, Flick J, Ciccarino CJ, Narang P. Quantum Information and Algorithms for Correlated Quantum Matter. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3061-3120. [PMID: 33326218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries in quantum materials, which are characterized by the strongly quantum-mechanical nature of electrons and atoms, have revealed exotic properties that arise from correlations. It is the promise of quantum materials for quantum information science superimposed with the potential of new computational quantum algorithms to discover new quantum materials that inspires this Review. We anticipate that quantum materials to be discovered and developed in the next years will transform the areas of quantum information processing including communication, storage, and computing. Simultaneously, efforts toward developing new quantum algorithmic approaches for quantum simulation and advanced calculation methods for many-body quantum systems enable major advances toward functional quantum materials and their deployment. The advent of quantum computing brings new possibilities for eliminating the exponential complexity that has stymied simulation of correlated quantum systems on high-performance classical computers. Here, we review new algorithms and computational approaches to predict and understand the behavior of correlated quantum matter. The strongly interdisciplinary nature of the topics covered necessitates a common language to integrate ideas from these fields. We aim to provide this common language while weaving together fields across electronic structure theory, quantum electrodynamics, algorithm design, and open quantum systems. Our Review is timely in presenting the state-of-the-art in the field toward algorithms with nonexponential complexity for correlated quantum matter with applications in grand-challenge problems. Looking to the future, at the intersection of quantum information science and algorithms for correlated quantum matter, we envision seminal advances in predicting many-body quantum states and describing excitonic quantum matter and large-scale entangled states, a better understanding of high-temperature superconductivity, and quantifying open quantum system dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kade Head-Marsden
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Johannes Flick
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Christopher J Ciccarino
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Demonstration of non-Markovian process characterisation and control on a quantum processor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6301. [PMID: 33298929 PMCID: PMC7725842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the scale-up of quantum computers, the framework underpinning fault-tolerance generally relies on the strong assumption that environmental noise affecting qubit logic is uncorrelated (Markovian). However, as physical devices progress well into the complex multi-qubit regime, attention is turning to understanding the appearance and mitigation of correlated — or non-Markovian — noise, which poses a serious challenge to the progression of quantum technology. This error type has previously remained elusive to characterisation techniques. Here, we develop a framework for characterising non-Markovian dynamics in quantum systems and experimentally test it on multi-qubit superconducting quantum devices. Where noisy processes cannot be accounted for using standard Markovian techniques, our reconstruction predicts the behaviour of the devices with an infidelity of 10−3. Our results show this characterisation technique leads to superior quantum control and extension of coherence time by effective decoupling from the non-Markovian environment. This framework, validated by our results, is applicable to any controlled quantum device and offers a significant step towards optimal device operation and noise reduction. As quantum computing devices become more complex, they enter the realm of correlated noise, which is difficult to characterise and mitigate. Here, the authors demonstrate, over a range of superconducting devices, a method for non-Markovian dynamics characterisation based on the process tensor framework.
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Lu YN, Zhang YR, Liu GQ, Nori F, Fan H, Pan XY. Observing Information Backflow from Controllable Non-Markovian Multichannels in Diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:210502. [PMID: 32530656 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.210502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The unavoidable interaction of a quantum open system with its environment leads to the dissipation of quantum coherence and correlations, making its dynamical behavior a key role in many quantum technologies. In this Letter, we demonstrate the engineering of multiple dissipative channels by controlling the adjacent nuclear spins of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. With a controllable non-Markovian dynamics of this open system, we observe that the quantum Fisher information flows to and from the environment using different noisy channels. Our work contributes to the developments of both noisy quantum metrology and quantum open systems from the viewpoints of metrologically useful entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Lu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Ran Zhang
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Gang-Qin Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Heng Fan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin-Yu Pan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Beijing 100190, China
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Luchnikov IA, Vintskevich SV, Grigoriev DA, Filippov SN. Machine Learning Non-Markovian Quantum Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:140502. [PMID: 32338970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.140502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning methods have proved to be useful for the recognition of patterns in statistical data. The measurement outcomes are intrinsically random in quantum physics, however, they do have a pattern when the measurements are performed successively on an open quantum system. This pattern is due to the system-environment interaction and contains information about the relaxation rates as well as non-Markovian memory effects. Here we develop a method to extract the information about the unknown environment from a series of projective single-shot measurements on the system (without resorting to the process tomography). The method is based on embedding the non-Markovian system dynamics into a Markovian dynamics of the system and the effective reservoir of finite dimension. The generator of Markovian embedding is learned by the maximum likelihood estimation. We verify the method by comparing its prediction with an exactly solvable non-Markovian dynamics. The developed algorithm to learn unknown quantum environments enables one to efficiently control and manipulate quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Luchnikov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 121205, Russia
| | - S V Vintskevich
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - D A Grigoriev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - S N Filippov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- Valiev Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskii Prospekt 34, Moscow 117218, Russia
- Steklov Mathematical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina Street 8, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Luchnikov IA, Vintskevich SV, Ouerdane H, Filippov SN. Simulation Complexity of Open Quantum Dynamics: Connection with Tensor Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:160401. [PMID: 31075029 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.160401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty to simulate the dynamics of open quantum systems resides in their coupling to many-body reservoirs with exponentially large Hilbert space. Applying a tensor network approach in the time domain, we demonstrate that effective small reservoirs can be defined and used for modeling open quantum dynamics. The key element of our technique is the timeline reservoir network (TRN), which contains all the information on the reservoir's characteristics, in particular, the memory effects timescale. The TRN has a one-dimensional tensor network structure, which can be effectively approximated in full analogy with the matrix product approximation of spin-chain states. We derive the sufficient bond dimension in the approximated TRN with a reduced set of physical parameters: coupling strength, reservoir correlation time, minimal timescale, and the system's number of degrees of freedom interacting with the environment. The bond dimension can be viewed as a measure of the open dynamics complexity. Simulation is based on the semigroup dynamics of the system and effective reservoir of finite dimension. We provide an illustrative example showing the scope for new numerical and machine learning-based methods for open quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Luchnikov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 121205, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - S V Vintskevich
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 38, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - H Ouerdane
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 121205, Russia
| | - S N Filippov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- Valiev Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskii Pr. 34, Moscow 117218, Russia
- Steklov Mathematical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina St. 8, Moscow 119991, Russia
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