1
|
Lin T, Gu SS, Xu YQ, Jiang SL, Ye SK, Wang BC, Li HO, Guo GC, Zou CL, Hu X, Cao G, Guo GP. Collective Microwave Response for Multiple Gate-Defined Double Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4176-4182. [PMID: 37133858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We fabricate and characterize a hybrid quantum device that consists of five gate-defined double quantum dots (DQDs) and a high-impedance NbTiN transmission resonator. The controllable interactions between DQDs and the resonator are spectroscopically explored by measuring the microwave transmission through the resonator in the detuning parameter space. Utilizing the high tunability of the system parameters and the high cooperativity (Ctotal > 17.6) interaction between the qubit ensemble and the resonator, we tune the charge-photon coupling and observe the collective microwave response changing from linear to nonlinear. Our results present the maximum number of DQDs coupled to a resonator and manifest a potential platform for scaling up qubits and studying collective quantum effects in semiconductor-superconductor hybrid cavity quantum electrodynamics systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lin
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Si-Si Gu
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Xu
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shun-Li Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shu-Kun Ye
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bao-Chuan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hai-Ou Li
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xuedong Hu
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-1500, United States of America
| | - Gang Cao
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
- Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tormo-Queralt R, Møller CB, Czaplewski DA, Gruber G, Cagetti M, Forstner S, Urgell-Ollé N, Sanchez-Naranjo JA, Samanta C, Miller CS, Bachtold A. Novel Nanotube Multiquantum Dot Devices. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8541-8549. [PMID: 36287197 PMCID: PMC9650726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Addressable quantum states well isolated from the environment are of considerable interest for quantum information science and technology. Carbon nanotubes are an appealing system, since a perfect crystal can be grown without any missing atoms and its cylindrical structure prevents ill-defined atomic arrangement at the surface. Here, we develop a reliable process to fabricate compact multielectrode circuits that can sustain the harsh conditions of the nanotube growth. Nanotubes are suspended over multiple gate electrodes, which are themselves structured over narrow dielectric ridges to reduce the effect of the charge fluctuators of the substrate. We measure high-quality double- and triple-quantum dot charge stability diagrams. Transport measurements through the triple-quantum dot indicate long-range tunneling of single electrons between the left and right quantum dots. This work paves the way to the realization of a new generation of condensed-matter devices in an ultraclean environment, including spin qubits, mechanical qubits, and quantum simulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Tormo-Queralt
- ICFO - Institut De Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C B Møller
- ICFO - Institut De Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D A Czaplewski
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - G Gruber
- ICFO - Institut De Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Cagetti
- ICFO - Institut De Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Forstner
- ICFO - Institut De Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Urgell-Ollé
- ICFO - Institut De Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Sanchez-Naranjo
- ICFO - Institut De Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Samanta
- ICFO - Institut De Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C S Miller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - A Bachtold
- ICFO - Institut De Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cochrane L, Lundberg T, Ibberson DJ, Ibberson LA, Hutin L, Bertrand B, Stelmashenko N, Robinson JWA, Vinet M, Seshia AA, Gonzalez-Zalba MF. Parametric Amplifiers Based on Quantum Dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:197701. [PMID: 35622052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.197701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) approaching quantum-limited noise performance have been instrumental in enabling high fidelity readout of superconducting qubits and, recently, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). We propose that the quantum capacitance arising in electronic two-level systems (the dual of Josephson inductance) can provide an alternative dissipationless nonlinear element for parametric amplification. We experimentally demonstrate phase-sensitive parametric amplification using a QD-reservoir electron transition in a CMOS nanowire split-gate transistor embedded in a 1.8 GHz superconducting lumped-element microwave cavity, achieving parametric gains of -3 to +3 dB, limited by Sisyphus dissipation. Using a semiclassical model, we find an optimized design within current technological capabilities could achieve gains and bandwidths comparable to JPAs, while providing complementary specifications with respect to integration in semiconductor platforms or operation at higher magnetic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Cochrane
- Nanoscience Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, United Kingdom
- Quantum Motion Technologies, Windsor House, Cornwall Road, Harrogate HG1 2PW, United Kingdom
| | - Theodor Lundberg
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David J Ibberson
- Quantum Motion Technologies, Windsor House, Cornwall Road, Harrogate HG1 2PW, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa A Ibberson
- Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Hutin
- CEA/LETI-MINATEC, CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Nadia Stelmashenko
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Jason W A Robinson
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Maud Vinet
- CEA/LETI-MINATEC, CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ashwin A Seshia
- Nanoscience Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barker D, Scandi M, Lehmann S, Thelander C, Dick KA, Perarnau-Llobet M, Maisi VF. Experimental Verification of the Work Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation for Information-to-Work Conversion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:040602. [PMID: 35148140 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study experimentally work fluctuations in a Szilard engine that extracts work from information encoded as the occupancy of an electron level in a semiconductor quantum dot. We show that as the average work extracted per bit of information increases toward the Landauer limit k_{B}Tln2, the work fluctuations decrease in accordance with the work fluctuation-dissipation relation. We compare the results to a protocol without measurement and feedback and show that when no information is used, the work output and fluctuations vanish simultaneously, contrasting the information-to-energy conversion case where increasing amount of work is produced with decreasing fluctuations. Our study highlights the importance of fluctuations in the design of information-to-work conversion processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Barker
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matteo Scandi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Sebastian Lehmann
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes Thelander
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kimberly A Dick
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ville F Maisi
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang B, Lin T, Li H, Gu S, Chen M, Guo G, Jiang H, Hu X, Cao G, Guo G. Correlated spectrum of distant semiconductor qubits coupled by microwave photons. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:332-338. [PMID: 36654412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We develop a new spectroscopic method to quickly and intuitively characterize the coupling of two microwave-photon-coupled semiconductor qubits via a high-impedance resonator. Highly distinctive and unique geometric patterns are revealed as we tune the qubit tunnel couplings relative to the frequency of the mediating photons. These patterns are in excellent agreement with a simulation using the Tavis-Cummings model, and allow us to readily identify different parameter regimes for both qubits in the detuning space. This method could potentially be an important component in the overall spectroscopic toolbox for quickly characterizing certain collective properties of multiple cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) coupled qubits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baochuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ting Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haiou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Sisi Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mingbo Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guangcan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hongwen Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xuedong Hu
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260-1500, USA
| | - Gang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guoping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited, Hefei 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghirri A, Cornia S, Affronte M. Microwave Photon Detectors Based on Semiconducting Double Quantum Dots. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20144010. [PMID: 32707648 PMCID: PMC7412044 DOI: 10.3390/s20144010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Detectors of microwave photons find applications in different fields ranging from security to cosmology. Due to the intrinsic difficulties related to the detection of vanishingly small energy quanta ℏ ω , significant portions of the microwave electromagnetic spectrum are still uncovered by suitable techniques. No prevailing technology has clearly emerged yet, although different solutions have been tested in different contexts. Here, we focus on semiconductor quantum dots, which feature wide tunability by external gate voltages and scalability for large architectures. We discuss possible pathways for the development of microwave photon detectors based on photon-assisted tunneling in semiconducting double quantum dot circuits. In particular, we consider implementations based on either broadband transmission lines or resonant cavities, and we discuss how developments in charge sensing techniques and hybrid architectures may be beneficial for the development of efficient photon detectors in the microwave range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ghirri
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuele Cornia
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Affronte
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Coherent microwave-photon-mediated coupling between a semiconductor and a superconducting qubit. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3011. [PMID: 31285437 PMCID: PMC6614454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor qubits rely on the control of charge and spin degrees of freedom of electrons or holes confined in quantum dots. They constitute a promising approach to quantum information processing, complementary to superconducting qubits. Here, we demonstrate coherent coupling between a superconducting transmon qubit and a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubit mediated by virtual microwave photon excitations in a tunable high-impedance SQUID array resonator acting as a quantum bus. The transmon-charge qubit coherent coupling rate (~21 MHz) exceeds the linewidth of both the transmon (~0.8 MHz) and the DQD charge qubit (~2.7 MHz). By tuning the qubits into resonance for a controlled amount of time, we observe coherent oscillations between the constituents of this hybrid quantum system. These results enable a new class of experiments exploring the use of two-qubit interactions mediated by microwave photons to create entangled states between semiconductor and superconducting qubits. Hybrid quantum devices combine different platforms with the prospect of exploiting the advantages of each. Scarlino et al. demonstrate strong, coherent coupling between a semiconductor qubit and a superconducting qubit by using a high-impedance superconducting resonator as a quantum bus.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Li HO, Cao G, Xiao M, Guo GC, Guo GP. Semiconductor quantum computation. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:32-54. [PMID: 34691830 PMCID: PMC8291422 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductors, a significant type of material in the information era, are becoming more and more powerful in the field of quantum information. In recent decades, semiconductor quantum computation was investigated thoroughly across the world and developed with a dramatically fast speed. The research varied from initialization, control and readout of qubits, to the architecture of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we first introduce the basic ideas for quantum computing, and then discuss the developments of single- and two-qubit gate control in semiconductors. Up to now, the qubit initialization, control and readout can be realized with relatively high fidelity and a programmable two-qubit quantum processor has even been demonstrated. However, to further improve the qubit quality and scale it up, there are still some challenges to resolve such as the improvement of the readout method, material development and scalable designs. We discuss these issues and introduce the forefronts of progress. Finally, considering the positive trend of the research on semiconductor quantum devices and recent theoretical work on the applications of quantum computation, we anticipate that semiconductor quantum computation may develop fast and will have a huge impact on our lives in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hai-Ou Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|