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Ma TT, Liu YQ, Yu CS. Release of virtual photon and phonon pairs from qubit-plasmon-phonon ultrastrong coupling system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:30832-30846. [PMID: 37710617 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The most important difference between ultrastrong and non-ultrastrong coupling regimes is that the ground state contains excitations. We consider a qubit-plasmon-phonon ultrastrong coupling (USC) system with a three-level atom coupled to the photon and phonon via its upper two energy levels and show that spontaneous emission of the atom from its intermediate to its ground state produces photon and phonon pairs. It is shown that the current system can produce a strong photon/phonon stream and the atom-phonon coupling plays the active role, which ensures the experimental detection. The emission spectrum and various high-order correlation functions confirm the generation of the pairs of photons and phonons. Our study has important implications for future research on virtual photon and phonon pairs creation in the ground state of the USC regime.
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2
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Das SR, Majumder S, Sahu SK, Singhal U, Bera T, Singh V. Instabilities near Ultrastrong Coupling in a Microwave Optomechanical Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:067001. [PMID: 37625056 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.067001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
With artificially engineered systems, it is now possible to realize the coherent interaction rate, which can become comparable to the mode frequencies, a regime known as ultrastrong coupling (USC). We experimentally realize a cavity-electromechanical device using a superconducting waveguide cavity and a mechanical resonator. In the presence of a strong pump, the mechanical-polaritons splitting can nearly reach 81% of the mechanical frequency, overwhelming all the dissipation rates. Approaching the USC limit, the steady-state response becomes unstable. We systematically measure the boundary of the unstable response while varying the pump parameters. The unstable dynamics display rich phases, such as self-induced oscillations, period-doubling bifurcation, and period-tripling oscillations, ultimately leading to the chaotic behavior. The experimental results and their theoretical modeling suggest the importance of residual nonlinear interaction terms in the weak-dissipative regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ranjan Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Sourav Majumder
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Sahu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Ujjawal Singhal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Tanmoy Bera
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Vibhor Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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3
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Sánchez Arribas I, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Weig EM. Radiation Pressure Backaction on a Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomechanical Resonator. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6301-6307. [PMID: 37460106 PMCID: PMC10375595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a van der Waals material with excellent mechanical properties hosting quantum emitters and optically active spin defects, with several of them being sensitive to strain. Establishing optomechanical control of hBN will enable hybrid quantum devices that combine the spin degree of freedom with the cavity optomechanical toolbox. In this Letter, we report the first observation of radiation pressure backaction at telecom wavelengths with a hBN drum-head mechanical resonator. The thermomechanical motion of the resonator is coupled to the optical mode of a high finesse fiber-based Fabry-Pérot microcavity in a membrane-in-the-middle configuration. We are able to resolve the optical spring effect and optomechanical damping with a single photon coupling strength of g0/2π = 1200 Hz. Our results pave the way for tailoring the mechanical properties of hBN resonators with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez Arribas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Eva M Weig
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
- TUM Center for Quantum Engineering (ZQE), 85748 Garching, Germany
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4
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Kustura K, Gonzalez-Ballestero C, Sommer ADLR, Meyer N, Quidant R, Romero-Isart O. Mechanical Squeezing via Unstable Dynamics in a Microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:143601. [PMID: 35476467 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically show that strong mechanical quantum squeezing in a linear optomechanical system can be rapidly generated through the dynamical instability reached in the far red-detuned and ultrastrong coupling regime. We show that this mechanism, which harnesses unstable multimode quantum dynamics, is particularly suited to levitated optomechanics, and we argue for its feasibility for the case of a levitated nanoparticle coupled to a microcavity via coherent scattering. We predict that for submillimeter-sized cavities the particle motion, initially thermal and well above its ground state, becomes mechanically squeezed by tens of decibels on a microsecond timescale. Our results bring forth optical microcavities in the unresolved sideband regime as powerful mechanical squeezers for levitated nanoparticles, and hence as key tools for quantum-enhanced inertial and force sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kustura
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carlos Gonzalez-Ballestero
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrés de Los Ríos Sommer
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, 8083 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Meyer
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, 8083 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Quidant
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, 8083 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Romero-Isart
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Luschmann T, Schmidt P, Deppe F, Marx A, Sanchez A, Gross R, Huebl H. Mechanical frequency control in inductively coupled electromechanical systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1608. [PMID: 35102197 PMCID: PMC8803975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNano-electromechanical systems implement the opto-mechanical interaction combining electromagnetic circuits and mechanical elements. We investigate an inductively coupled nano-electromechanical system, where a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) realizes the coupling. We show that the resonance frequency of the mechanically compliant string embedded into the SQUID loop can be controlled in two different ways: (1) the bias magnetic flux applied perpendicular to the SQUID loop, (2) the magnitude of the in-plane bias magnetic field contributing to the nano-electromechanical coupling. These findings are quantitatively explained by the inductive interaction contributing to the effective spring constant of the mechanical resonator. In addition, we observe a residual field dependent shift of the mechanical resonance frequency, which we attribute to the finite flux pinning of vortices trapped in the magnetic field biased nanostring.
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6
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Zhou YH, Yin XL, Liao JQ. Quantum simulation of tunable and ultrastrong mixed-optomechanics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:28202-28216. [PMID: 34614957 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a reliable scheme to simulate tunable and ultrastrong mixed (first-order and quadratic optomechanical couplings coexisting) optomechanical interactions in a coupled two-mode bosonic system, in which the two modes are coupled by a cross-Kerr interaction and one of the two modes is driven through both the single- and two-excitation processes. We show that the mixed-optomechanical interactions can enter the single-photon strong-coupling and even ultrastrong-coupling regimes. The strengths of both the first-order and quadratic optomechanical couplings can be controlled on demand, and hence first-order, quadratic, and mixed optomechanical models can be realized. In particular, the thermal noise of the driven mode can be suppressed totally by introducing a proper squeezed vacuum bath. We also study how to generate the superposition of coherent squeezed state and vacuum state based on the simulated interactions. The quantum coherence effect in the generated states is characterized by calculating the Wigner function in both the closed- and open-system cases. This work will pave the way to the observation and application of ultrastrong optomechanical effects in quantum simulators.
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7
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Luo W, Gao N, Liu D. Multimode Nonlinear Coupling Induced by Internal Resonance in a Microcantilever Resonator. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1062-1067. [PMID: 33443433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coupled resonators represent a generic model for many physical systems. In this context, a microcantilever is a multimode resonator clamped at one end, and it finds extensive application in high-precision metrology and is expected to be of great potential use in emerging quantum technologies. Here, we explore the microcantilever as a flexible platform for realizing multimode nonlinear interactions. Multimode nonlinear coupling is achieved by (1:2) internal resonance (IR) and parametric excitation with efficient coherent energy transfer. Specifically, we demonstrate abundant tunable parametric behaviors via frequency and voltage sweeps; these behaviors include mode veering, degenerate four-wave mixing (D4WM) with satellite resonances, partial amplitude suppression, acoustic frequency comb (AFC) generation, mechanically induced transparency (MIT), and normal-mode splitting. The experiments depict a new scheme for manipulating multimode microresonators with IR and parametric excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Luo
- Institute of Novel Semiconductors, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Naikun Gao
- Institute of Novel Semiconductors, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Liu
- Institute of Novel Semiconductors, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250101, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhou JY, Zhou YH, Yin XL, Huang JF, Liao JQ. Quantum entanglement maintained by virtual excitations in an ultrastrongly-coupled-oscillator system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12557. [PMID: 32724074 PMCID: PMC7387496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the effect of quantum entanglement maintained by virtual excitations in an ultrastrongly-coupled harmonic-oscillator system. Here, the quantum entanglement is caused by the counterrotating interaction terms and hence it is maintained by the virtual excitations. We obtain the analytical expression for the ground state of the system and analyze the relationship between the average excitation numbers and the ground-state entanglement. We also study the entanglement dynamics between the two oscillators in both the closed- and open-system cases. In the latter case, the quantum master equation is microscopically derived in the normal-mode representation of the coupled-oscillator system. This work will open a route to the study of quantum information processing and quantum physics based on virtual excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zhou
- Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yue-Hui Zhou
- Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xian-Li Yin
- Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jin-Feng Huang
- Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China. .,Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Jie-Qiao Liao
- Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China. .,Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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9
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Zoepfl D, Juan ML, Schneider CMF, Kirchmair G. Single-Photon Cooling in Microwave Magnetomechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:023601. [PMID: 32701311 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.023601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cavity optomechanics, where photons are coupled to mechanical motion, provides the tools to control mechanical motion near the fundamental quantum limits. Reaching single-photon strong coupling would allow to prepare the mechanical resonator in non-Gaussian quantum states. Preparing massive mechanical resonators in such states is of particular interest for testing the boundaries of quantum mechanics. This goal remains however challenging due to the small optomechanical couplings usually achieved with massive devices. Here we demonstrate a novel approach where a mechanical resonator is magnetically coupled to a microwave cavity. We measure a single-photon coupling of g_{0}/2π∼3 kHz, an improvement of one order of magnitude over current microwave optomechanical systems. At this coupling we measure a large single-photon cooperativity with C_{0}≳10, an important step to reach single-photon strong coupling. Such a strong interaction allows us to cool the massive mechanical resonator to a third of its steady state phonon population with less than two photons in the microwave cavity. Beyond tests for quantum foundations, our approach is also well suited as a quantum sensor or a microwave to optical transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zoepfl
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M L Juan
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C M F Schneider
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Kirchmair
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Garbe L, Bina M, Keller A, Paris MGA, Felicetti S. Critical Quantum Metrology with a Finite-Component Quantum Phase Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:120504. [PMID: 32281838 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Physical systems close to a quantum phase transition exhibit a divergent susceptibility, suggesting that an arbitrarily high precision may be achieved by exploiting quantum critical systems as probes to estimate a physical parameter. However, such an improvement in sensitivity is counterbalanced by the closing of the energy gap, which implies a critical slowing down and an inevitable growth of the protocol duration. Here, we design different metrological protocols that exploit the superradiant phase transition of the quantum Rabi model, a finite-component system composed of a single two-level atom interacting with a single bosonic mode. We show that, in spite of the critical slowing down, critical quantum optical probes can achieve a quantum-enhanced time scaling of the sensitivity in frequency-estimation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Garbe
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques UMR 7162, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Bina
- Quantum Technology Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica Aldo Pontremoli, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Arne Keller
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques UMR 7162, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Matteo G A Paris
- Quantum Technology Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica Aldo Pontremoli, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Felicetti
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Lau HK, Clerk AA. Ground-State Cooling and High-Fidelity Quantum Transduction via Parametrically Driven Bad-Cavity Optomechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:103602. [PMID: 32216414 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optomechanical couplings involve both beam splitter and two-mode-squeezing types of interactions. While the former underlies the utility of many applications, the latter creates unwanted excitations and is usually detrimental. In this Letter, we propose a simple but powerful method based on cavity parametric driving to suppress the unwanted excitation that does not require working with a deeply sideband-resolved cavity. Our approach is based on a simple observation: as both the optomechanical two-mode-squeezing interaction and the cavity parametric drive induce squeezing transformations of the relevant photonic bath modes, they can be made to cancel one another. We illustrate how our method can cool a mechanical oscillator below the quantum backaction limit, and significantly suppress the output noise of a sideband-unresolved optomechanical transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Kwan Lau
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Aashish A Clerk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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12
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Felicetti S, Le Boité A. Universal Spectral Features of Ultrastrongly Coupled Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:040404. [PMID: 32058793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We identify universal properties of the low-energy subspace of a wide class of quantum optical models in the ultrastrong coupling limit, where the coupling strength dominates over all other energy scales in the system. We show that the symmetry of the light-matter interaction is at the origin of a twofold degeneracy in the spectrum. We prove analytically this result for bounded Hamiltonians and extend it to a class of models with unbounded operators. As a consequence, we show that the emergence of superradiant phases previously investigated in the context of critical phenomena, is a general property of the ultrastrong coupling limit. The set of models we consider encompasses different scenarios of possible interplay between critical behavior and superradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Felicetti
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-39049, Spain
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Le Boité
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
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