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Magic wavelength for a rovibrational transition in molecular hydrogen. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14529. [PMID: 36008440 PMCID: PMC9411631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen, among other simple calculable atomic and molecular systems, possesses a huge advantage of having a set of ultralong living rovibrational states that make it well suited for studying fundamental physics. Further experimental progress will require trapping cold H2 samples. However, due to the large energy of the first electronic excitation, the conventional approach to finding a magic wavelength does not work for H2. We find a rovibrational transition for which the AC Stark shift is largely compensated by the interplay between the isotropic and anisotropic components of polarizability. The residual AC Stark shift can be completely eliminated by tuning the trapping laser to a specific “magic wavelength” at which the weak quadrupole polarizability cancels the residual dipole polarizability.
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Henson BM, Ross JA, Thomas KF, Kuhn CN, Shin DK, Hodgman SS, Zhang YH, Tang LY, Drake GWF, Bondy AT, Truscott AG, Baldwin KGH. Measurement of a helium tune-out frequency: an independent test of quantum electrodynamics. Science 2022; 376:199-203. [PMID: 35389780 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite quantum electrodynamics (QED) being one of the most stringently tested theories underpinning modern physics, recent precision atomic spectroscopy measurements have uncovered several small discrepancies between experiment and theory. One particularly powerful experimental observable that tests QED independently of traditional energy level measurements is the "tune-out" frequency, where the dynamic polarizability vanishes and the atom does not interact with applied laser light. In this work, we measure the tune-out frequency for the 23S1 state of helium between transitions to the 23P and 33P manifolds and compare it with new theoretical QED calculations. The experimentally determined value of 725,736,700(260) megahertz differs from theory [725,736,252(9) megahertz] by 1.7 times the measurement uncertainty and resolves both the QED contributions and retardation corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Henson
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - J A Ross
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - K F Thomas
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - C N Kuhn
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - D K Shin
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - S S Hodgman
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - G W F Drake
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - A T Bondy
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - A G Truscott
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - K G H Baldwin
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Abstract
The redefined vacuum approach, which is frequently employed in the many-body perturbation theory, proved to be a powerful tool for formula derivation. Here, we elaborate this approach within the bound-state QED perturbation theory. In addition to general formulation, we consider the particular example of a single particle (electron or vacancy) excitation with respect to the redefined vacuum. Starting with simple one-electron QED diagrams, we deduce first- and second-order many-electron contributions: screened self-energy, screened vacuum polarization, one-photon exchange, and two-photon exchange. The redefined vacuum approach provides a straightforward and streamlined derivation and facilitates its application to any electronic configuration. Moreover, based on the gauge invariance of the one-electron diagrams, we can identify various gauge-invariant subsets within derived many-electron QED contributions.
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Qi XQ, Zhang PP, Yan ZC, Drake GWF, Zhong ZX, Shi TY, Chen SL, Huang Y, Guan H, Gao KL. Precision Calculation of Hyperfine Structure and the Zemach Radii of ^{6,7}Li^{+} Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:183002. [PMID: 33196244 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.183002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hyperfine structures of the 2^{3}S_{1} states of the ^{6}Li^{+} and ^{7}Li^{+} ions are investigated theoretically to extract the Zemach radii of the ^{6}Li and ^{7}Li nuclei by comparing with precision measurements. The obtained Zemach radii are larger than the previous values of Puchalski and Pachucki [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 243001 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.111.243001] and disagree with them by about 1.5 and 2.2 standard deviations for ^{6}Li and ^{7}Li, respectively. Furthermore, our Zemach radius of ^{6}Li differs significantly from the nuclear physics value, derived from the nuclear charge and magnetic radii [Phys. Rev. A 78, 012513 (2008)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.78.012513] by more than 6σ, indicating an anomalous nuclear structure for ^{6}Li. The conclusion that the Zemach radius of ^{7}Li is about 40% larger than that of ^{6}Li is confirmed. The obtained Zemach radii are used to calculate the hyperfine splittings of the 2^{3}P_{J} states of ^{6,7}Li^{+}, where an order of magnitude improvement over the previous theory has been achieved for ^{7}Li^{+}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Zong-Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - G W F Drake
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Zhen-Xiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ting-Yun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shao-Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ke-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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