1
|
Prosandeev S, Paillard C, Bellaiche L. Crossover from Linear to Quadratic Electro-optic Behavior in BaTiO_{3} and (Ba, Sr)TiO_{3} Solid Solution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:196901. [PMID: 38804941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.196901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We derive a numerical method based on coupled density functional theory and effective Hamiltonian schemes to calculate the linear and quadratic electro-optic response of ferroelectrics at finite temperature and in different frequency ranges. By applying the developed method to BaTiO_{3}, we successfully resolve apparent discrepancies in the experimental literature that reported a linear or quadratic electro-optic response when visible or terahertz radiation was employed to measure the optical index, respectively. We further demonstrate that (and explain why), in the case of the Ba_{1-x}Sr_{x}TiO_{3} disordered solid solutions, structural phase transitions not only lead to larger linear electro-optic constants, as previously demonstrated in the literature, but also significantly enhance the quadratic electro-optic constants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Prosandeev
- Smart Functional Materials Center, Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Charles Paillard
- Smart Functional Materials Center, Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Laboratoire SPMS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Bellaiche
- Smart Functional Materials Center, Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ion V, Teodorescu V, Birjega R, Dinescu M, Mitterbauer C, Alexandrou I, Ghitiu I, Craciun F, Scarisoreanu ND. Lead-Free Perovskite Thin Films with Tailored Pockels-Kerr Effects for Photonics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38039-38048. [PMID: 37497599 PMCID: PMC10416211 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Pockels and Kerr effects are linear and nonlinear electro-optical effects, respectively, used in many applications. The modulation of the refractive index is employed in different photonic circuits. However, the greatest challenge is in photonic elements for quantum computing at room temperature. For this aim, materials with strong Pockels/Kerr effects and χ(2)/χ(3) nonlinear susceptibilities are necessary. Here, we demonstrate composition-modulated strong electro-optical response in epitaxial films of (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 perovskite titanate. These films are grown by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3. Depending on the ratios of Ca/Ba and Ti/Zr, films show high Pockels or Kerr optical nonlinearities. We relate the variable electro-optic response to the occurrence of nanopolar domains with different symmetries in a selected composition range. These findings open the route to easily implement nonlinear optical elements in integrated photonic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ion
- National
Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Valentin Teodorescu
- National
Institute of Materials Physics, 105 bis Atomistilor, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Birjega
- National
Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Maria Dinescu
- National
Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Christoph Mitterbauer
- Thermo
Fisher Scientific, Materials & Structural Analysis, De Schakel 2, Eindhoven 5651 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Alexandrou
- Thermo
Fisher Scientific, Materials & Structural Analysis, De Schakel 2, Eindhoven 5651 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Ioan Ghitiu
- National
Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor, Magurele 077125, Romania
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Bucharest, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Floriana Craciun
- CNR-ISM,
Istituto di Struttura della Materia,
Area della Ricerca di Roma-Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso
del Cavaliere 100, Rome I-00133, Italy
| | - Nicu D. Scarisoreanu
- National
Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor, Magurele 077125, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou H, He X, Wu W, Tong J, Wang J, Zuo Y, Wu Y, Zhang C, Hu Z. Hydrothermal growth of KTiOPO 4 crystal for electro-optical application. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:23. [PMID: 36635271 PMCID: PMC9837062 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
"New" electro-optical (EO) crystals are hard to find, "old" EO crystals are scarce and each has its own problems, and the demand for high-performance EO crystals by higher power, higher repetition rate, and narrower pulse width laser is realistic and urgent. The EO performance of KTP was recognized as soon as it was discovered, but after more than 40 years of development, the reports, and products of EO devices based on KTP are less than those of other EO crystals, even though KTP is now almost the cheapest nonlinear optical crystal material. In this paper, based on our understanding of the crystal structure of predecessors and ourselves, especially the understanding and practice of quasi-one-dimensional ionic conduction mechanism, we think that crystal growth is the most important reason that affects the controllability of crystal performance. Through a series of science and technology, we realize the growth of large-size crystals with high-optical uniformity, then reduce the absorption of KTP to a very low level, and grow crystals with resistance to electric damage and laser damage. On this basis, reducing the conductivity and improving the uniformity of optical, electrical, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties are emphasized. The extinction ratio, piezoelectric ringing effect, and thermal influence of the EO switch based on KTP crystal are tested, and some publicly available progress of using KTP EO devices in high-repetition rate laser is listed. Finally, we are looking forward to the development of KTP EO crystal for the laser system to EO generator for integrated optics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 300384, Tianjin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, China Nonferrous Metals (Guilin) Geology and Mining Co., Ltd, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoling He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, China Nonferrous Metals (Guilin) Geology and Mining Co., Ltd, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, China Nonferrous Metals (Guilin) Geology and Mining Co., Ltd, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Jingfang Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, China Nonferrous Metals (Guilin) Geology and Mining Co., Ltd, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, China Nonferrous Metals (Guilin) Geology and Mining Co., Ltd, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Yanbin Zuo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, China Nonferrous Metals (Guilin) Geology and Mining Co., Ltd, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 300384, Tianjin, China
| | - Changlong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, China Nonferrous Metals (Guilin) Geology and Mining Co., Ltd, 541004, Guilin, China.
| | - Zhanggui Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 300384, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|