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De Nardis J, Gopalakrishnan S, Vasseur R. Nonlinear Fluctuating Hydrodynamics for Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Scaling in Isotropic Spin Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:197102. [PMID: 38000404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.197102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Finite temperature spin transport in integrable isotropic spin chains is known to be superdiffusive, with dynamical spin correlations that are conjectured to fall into the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. However, integrable spin chains have time-reversal and parity symmetries that are absent from the KPZ (Kardar-Parisi-Zhang) or stochastic Burgers equation, which force higher-order spin fluctuations to deviate from standard KPZ predictions. We put forward a nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamic theory consisting of two coupled stochastic modes: the local spin magnetization and its effective velocity. Our theory fully explains the emergence of anomalous spin dynamics in isotropic chains: it predicts KPZ scaling for the spin structure factor but with a symmetric, quasi-Gaussian, distribution of spin fluctuations. We substantiate our results using matrix-product states calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo De Nardis
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, CNRS UMR 8089, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95302 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Sarang Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Romain Vasseur
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Ghosal P, Lin Y. Lyapunov exponents of the SHE under general initial data. ANNALES DE L'INSTITUT HENRI POINCARÉ, PROBABILITÉS ET STATISTIQUES 2023. [DOI: 10.1214/22-aihp1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Promit Ghosal
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, U.S.A
| | - Yier Lin
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago, 5747 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
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Jin T, Martin DG. Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Physics and Phase Transition in a Classical Single Random Walker under Continuous Measurement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:260603. [PMID: 36608188 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.260603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We introduce and study a new model consisting of a single classical random walker undergoing continuous monitoring at rate γ on a discrete lattice. Although such a continuous measurement cannot affect physical observables, it has a nontrivial effect on the probability distribution of the random walker. At small γ, we show analytically that the time evolution of the latter can be mapped to the stochastic heat equation. In this limit, the width of the log-probability thus follows a Family-Vicsek scaling law, N^{α}f(t/N^{α/β}), with roughness and growth exponents corresponding to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class, i.e., α_{KPZ}^{1D}=1/2 and β_{KPZ}^{1D}=1/3, respectively. When γ is increased outside this regime, we find numerically in 1D a crossover from the KPZ class to a new universality class characterized by exponents α_{M}^{1D}≈1 and β_{M}^{1D}≈1.4. In 3D, varying γ beyond a critical value γ_{M}^{c} leads to a phase transition from a smooth phase that we identify as the Edwards-Wilkinson class to a new universality class with α_{M}^{3D}≈1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Jin
- DQMP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David G Martin
- Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, 933 East 56th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Fujimoto K, Hamazaki R, Kawaguchi Y. Impact of Dissipation on Universal Fluctuation Dynamics in Open Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:110403. [PMID: 36154403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent theoretical and experimental works have explored universal dynamics related to surface growth physics in isolated quantum systems. In this Letter, we theoretically elucidate that dissipation drastically alters universal particle-number-fluctuation dynamics associated with surface-roughness growth in one-dimensional free fermions and bosons. In a system under dephasing that causes loss of spatial coherence, we numerically find that a universality class of surface-roughness dynamics changes from the ballistic class to a class with the Edwards-Wilkinson scaling exponents and an unconventional scaling function. We provide the analytical derivation of the diffusion equation from the dephasing Lindblad equation via a renormalization-group technique and succeed in explaining the drastic change. Furthermore, we numerically find the same change of the universality class under a more nontrivial dissipation, i.e., symmetric incoherent hopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hamazaki
- Nonequilibrium Quantum Statistical Mechanics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN iTHEMS, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Fujimoto K, Hamazaki R, Kawaguchi Y. Dynamical Scaling of Surface Roughness and Entanglement Entropy in Disordered Fermion Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:090601. [PMID: 34506194 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.090601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Localization is one of the most fundamental interference phenomena caused by randomness, and its universal aspects have been extensively explored from the perspective of one-parameter scaling mainly for static properties. We numerically study dynamics of fermions on disordered one-dimensional potentials exhibiting localization and find dynamical one-parameter scaling for surface roughness, which represents particle-number fluctuations at a given length scale, and for entanglement entropy when the system is in delocalized phases. This dynamical scaling corresponds to the Family-Vicsek scaling originally developed in classical surface growth, and the associated scaling exponents depend on the type of disorder. Notably, we find that partially localized states in the delocalized phase of the random-dimer model lead to anomalous scaling, where destructive interference unique to quantum systems leads to exponents unknown for classical systems and clean systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujimoto
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hamazaki
- Nonequilibrium Quantum Statistical Mechanics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN iTHEMS, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Bernard D, Piroli L. Entanglement distribution in the quantum symmetric simple exclusion process. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:014146. [PMID: 34412369 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.014146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the probability distribution of entanglement in the quantum symmetric simple exclusion process, a model of fermions hopping with random Brownian amplitudes between neighboring sites. We consider a protocol where the system is initialized in a pure product state of M particles, and we focus on the late-time distribution of Rényi-q entropies for a subsystem of size ℓ. By means of a Coulomb gas approach from random matrix theory, we compute analytically the large-deviation function of the entropy in the thermodynamic limit. For q>1, we show that, depending on the value of the ratio ℓ/M, the entropy distribution displays either two or three distinct regimes, ranging from low to high entanglement. These are connected by points where the probability density features singularities in its third derivative, which can be understood in terms of a transition in the corresponding charge density of the Coulomb gas. Our analytic results are supported by numerical Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Bernard
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, ENS & PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Piroli
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
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Essler FHL, Piroli L. Integrability of one-dimensional Lindbladians from operator-space fragmentation. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:062210. [PMID: 33466089 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We introduce families of one-dimensional Lindblad equations describing open many-particle quantum systems that are exactly solvable in the following sense: (i) The space of operators splits into exponentially many (in system size) subspaces that are left invariant under the dissipative evolution; (ii) the time evolution of the density matrix on each invariant subspace is described by an integrable Hamiltonian. The prototypical example is the quantum version of the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) which we analyze in some detail. We show that in each invariant subspace the dynamics is described in terms of an integrable spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg chain with either open or twisted boundary conditions. We further demonstrate that Lindbladians featuring integrable operator-space fragmentation can be found in spin chains with arbitrary local physical dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian H L Essler
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Piroli
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
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