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Katagiri K, Pikuz T, Fang L, Albertazzi B, Egashira S, Inubushi Y, Kamimura G, Kodama R, Koenig M, Kozioziemski B, Masaoka G, Miyanishi K, Nakamura H, Ota M, Rigon G, Sakawa Y, Sano T, Schoofs F, Smith ZJ, Sueda K, Togashi T, Vinci T, Wang Y, Yabashi M, Yabuuchi T, Dresselhaus-Marais LE, Ozaki N. Transonic dislocation propagation in diamond. Science 2023; 382:69-72. [PMID: 37796999 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh5563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The motion of line defects (dislocations) has been studied for more than 60 years, but the maximum speed at which they can move is unresolved. Recent models and atomistic simulations predict the existence of a limiting velocity of dislocation motion between the transonic and subsonic ranges at which the self-energy of dislocation diverges, though they do not deny the possibility of the transonic dislocations. We used femtosecond x-ray radiography to track ultrafast dislocation motion in shock-compressed single-crystal diamond. By visualizing stacking faults extending faster than the slowest sound wave speed of diamond, we show the evidence of partial dislocations at their leading edge moving transonically. Understanding the upper limit of dislocation mobility in crystals is essential to accurately model, predict, and control the mechanical properties of materials under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Katagiri
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tatiana Pikuz
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research in Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lichao Fang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bruno Albertazzi
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Shunsuke Egashira
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inubushi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Genki Kamimura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research in Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michel Koenig
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | | | - Gooru Masaoka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Ota
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gabriel Rigon
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Youichi Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Frank Schoofs
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
| | - Zoe J Smith
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Tadashi Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tommaso Vinci
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yabuuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Leora E Dresselhaus-Marais
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Norimasa Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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Shi J, Liang Z, Wang J, Pan S, Ding C, Wang Y, Wang HT, Xing D, Sun J. Double-Shock Compression Pathways from Diamond to BC8 Carbon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:146101. [PMID: 37862650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.146101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon is one of the most important elements for both industrial applications and fundamental research, including life, physics, chemistry, materials, and even planetary science. Although theoretical predictions on the transition from diamond to the BC8 (Ia3[over ¯]) carbon were made more than thirty years ago, after tremendous experimental efforts, direct evidence for the existence of BC8 carbon is still lacking. In this study, a machine learning potential was developed for high-pressure carbon fitted from first-principles calculations, which exhibited great capabilities in modeling the melting and Hugoniot line. Using the molecular dynamics based on this machine learning potential, we designed a thermodynamic pathway that is achievable for the double shock compression experiment to obtain the elusive BC8 carbon. Diamond was compressed up to 584 GPa after the first shock at 20.5 km/s. Subsequently, in the second shock compression at 24.8 or 25.0 km/s, diamond was compressed to a supercooled liquid and then solidified to BC8 in around 1 ns. Furthermore, the critical nucleus size and nucleation rate of BC8 were calculated, which are crucial for nano-second x-ray diffraction measurements to observe BC8 carbon during shock compressions. The key to obtaining BC8 carbon lies in the formation of liquid at a sufficient supercooling. Our work provides a feasible pathway by which the long-sought BC8 phase of carbon can be reached in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixing Liang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuning Pan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Tian Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingyu Xing
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
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Lee SK, Yi Y, Kim YH, Kim HI, Chow P, Xiao Y, Eng P, Shen G. Imaging of the electronic bonding of diamond at pressures up to 2 million atmospheres. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4159. [PMID: 37205753 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diamond shows unprecedented hardness. Because hardness is a measure of resistance of chemical bonds in a material to external indentation, the electronic bonding nature of diamond beyond several million atmospheres is key to understanding the origin of hardness. However, probing the electronic structures of diamond at such extreme pressure has not been experimentally possible. The measurements on the inelastic x-ray scattering spectra for diamond up to 2 million atmospheres provide data on the evolution of its electronic structures under compression. The mapping of the observed electronic density of states allows us to obtain a two-dimensional image of the bonding transitions of diamond undergoing deformation. The spectral change near edge onset is minor beyond a million atmospheres, while its electronic structure displays marked pressure-induced electron delocalization. Such electronic responses indicate that diamond's external rigidity is supported by its ability to reconcile internal stress, providing insights into the origins of hardness in materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoosoo Yi
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyo-Im Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Paul Chow
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - Yuming Xiao
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - Peter Eng
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guoyin Shen
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
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Ottoway CF, Rehn DA, Saumon D, Starrett CE. Effect of ionic disorder on the principal shock Hugoniot. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:055208. [PMID: 34942703 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.055208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effect of ionic disorder on the principal Hugoniot is investigated using multiple scattering theory to very high pressure (Gbar). Calculations using molecular dynamics to simulate ionic disorder are compared to those with a fixed crystal lattice, for both carbon and aluminum. For the range of conditions considered here we find that ionic disorder has a relatively minor influence. It is most important at the onset of shell ionization and we find that, at higher pressures, the subtle effect of the ionic environment is overwhelmed by the larger number of ionized electrons with higher thermal energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal F Ottoway
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Daniel A Rehn
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Didier Saumon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C E Starrett
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Wang Y, Shi F, Gasc J, Ohfuji H, Wen B, Yu T, Officer T, Nishiyama N, Shinmei T, Irifune T. Plastic Deformation and Strengthening Mechanisms of Nanopolycrystalline Diamond. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8283-8294. [PMID: 33929826 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bulk nanopolycrystalline diamond (NPD) samples were deformed plastically within the diamond stability field up to 14 GPa and above 1473 K. Macroscopic differential stress Δσ was determined on the basis of the distortion of the 111 Debye ring using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Up to ∼5(2)% strain, Debye ring distortion can be satisfactorily described by lattice strain theories as an ellipse. Beyond ∼5(2)% strain, lattice spacing d111 along the Δσ direction becomes saturated and remains constant with further deformation. Transmission electron microscopy on as-synthesized NPD shows well-bonded grain boundaries with no free dislocations within the grains. Deformed samples also contain very few free dislocations, while density of {111} twins increases with plastic strain. Individual grains display complex contrast, exhibiting increasing misorientation with deformation according electron diffraction. Thus, NPD does not deform by dislocation slip, which is the dominated mechanism in conventional polycrystalline diamond composites (PCDCs, grain size >1 μm). The nonelliptical Debye ring distortion is modeled by nucleating 12⟨110⟩ dislocations or their dissociated 16⟨112⟩ partials gliding in the {111} planes to produce deformation twinning. With increasing strain up to ∼5(2)%, strength increases rapidly to ∼20(1) GPa, where d111 reaches saturation. Strength beyond the saturation shows a weak dependence on strain, reaching ∼22(1) GPa at >10% strain. Overall, the strength is ∼2-3 times that of conventional PCDCs. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations and lattice rotation theory, we conclude that the rapid rise of strength with strain is due to defect-source strengthening, whereas further deformation is dominated by nanotwinning and lattice rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Wang
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Feng Shi
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Julien Gasc
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Hiroaki Ohfuji
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Bin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Tony Yu
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Timothy Officer
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Norimasa Nishiyama
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Toru Shinmei
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Irifune
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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