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Aiello S, Albert A, Alhebsi AR, Alshamsi M, Alves Garre S, Ambrosone A, Ameli F, Andre M, Anghinolfi M, Aphecetche L, Ardid M, Ardid S, Argüelles C, Atmani H, Aublin J, Badaracco F, Bailly-Salins L, Bardačová Z, Baret B, Bariego-Quintana A, Becherini Y, Bendahman M, Benfenati Gualandi F, Benhassi M, Bennani M, Benoit DM, Berbee E, Bertin V, Biagi S, Boettcher M, Bonanno D, Bouasla AB, Boumaaza J, Bouta M, Bouwhuis M, Bozza C, Bozza RM, Brânzaş H, Bretaudeau F, Breuhaus M, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Bruno R, Buis E, Buompane R, Buson S, Busto J, Caiffi B, Calvo D, Capone A, Carenini F, Carretero V, Cartraud T, Castaldi P, Cecchini V, Celli S, Cerisy L, Chabab M, Chen A, Cherubini S, Chiarusi T, Circella M, Cocimano R, Coelho JAB, Coleiro A, Colonges S, Condorelli A, Coniglione R, Coyle P, Creusot A, Cuttone G, D’Amico A, Dallier R, De Benedittis A, De Martino B, De Wasseige G, Decoene V, Del Rosso I, Di Mauro LS, Di Palma I, Diaz AF, Diego-Tortosa D, Distefano C, Domi A, Donzaud C, Dornic D, Drakopoulou E, Drouhin D, Ducoin JG, Dvornický R, Eberl T, Eckerová E, Eddymaoui A, van Eeden T, Eff M, van Eijk D, El Bojaddaini I, El Hedri S, Ellajosyula V, Enzenhöfer A, et alAiello S, Albert A, Alhebsi AR, Alshamsi M, Alves Garre S, Ambrosone A, Ameli F, Andre M, Anghinolfi M, Aphecetche L, Ardid M, Ardid S, Argüelles C, Atmani H, Aublin J, Badaracco F, Bailly-Salins L, Bardačová Z, Baret B, Bariego-Quintana A, Becherini Y, Bendahman M, Benfenati Gualandi F, Benhassi M, Bennani M, Benoit DM, Berbee E, Bertin V, Biagi S, Boettcher M, Bonanno D, Bouasla AB, Boumaaza J, Bouta M, Bouwhuis M, Bozza C, Bozza RM, Brânzaş H, Bretaudeau F, Breuhaus M, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Bruno R, Buis E, Buompane R, Buson S, Busto J, Caiffi B, Calvo D, Capone A, Carenini F, Carretero V, Cartraud T, Castaldi P, Cecchini V, Celli S, Cerisy L, Chabab M, Chen A, Cherubini S, Chiarusi T, Circella M, Cocimano R, Coelho JAB, Coleiro A, Colonges S, Condorelli A, Coniglione R, Coyle P, Creusot A, Cuttone G, D’Amico A, Dallier R, De Benedittis A, De Martino B, De Wasseige G, Decoene V, Del Rosso I, Di Mauro LS, Di Palma I, Diaz AF, Diego-Tortosa D, Distefano C, Domi A, Donzaud C, Dornic D, Drakopoulou E, Drouhin D, Ducoin JG, Dvornický R, Eberl T, Eckerová E, Eddymaoui A, van Eeden T, Eff M, van Eijk D, El Bojaddaini I, El Hedri S, Ellajosyula V, Enzenhöfer A, Ferrara G, Filipović MD, Filippini F, Franciotti D, Fusco LA, Gagliardini S, Gal T, García Méndez J, Garcia Soto A, Gatius Oliver C, Geißelbrecht N, Genton E, Ghaddari H, Gialanella L, Gibson BK, Giorgio E, Goos I, Goswami P, Gozzini SR, Gracia R, Graf K, Guidi C, Guillon B, Gutiérrez M, Haack C, van Haren H, Heijboer A, Hennig L, Henry S, Hernández-Rey JJ, Idrissi Ibnsalih W, Ilioni A, Illuminati G, Joly D, de Jong M, de Jong P, Jung BJ, Kalaczyński P, Kalekin O, Kamp N, Katz UF, Kistauri G, Kopper C, Kouchner A, Kovalev YY, Kueviakoe V, Kulikovskiy V, Kvatadze R, Labalme M, Lahmann R, Lamoureux M, Lancelin S, Larosa G, Lastoria C, Lazar J, Lazo A, Le Stum S, Lehaut G, Lemaitre V, Leonora E, Lessing N, Levi G, Lincetto M, Lindsey Clark M, Longhitano F, Lumb N, Magnani F, Majumdar J, Malerba L, Mamedov F, Manfreda A, Marconi M, Margiotta A, Marinelli A, Markou C, Martin L, Marzaioli F, Mastrodicasa M, Mastroianni S, Mauro J, Miele G, Migliozzi P, Migneco E, Mitsou ML, Mollo CM, Mongelli M, Morales-Gallegos L, Moussa A, Mozun Mateo I, Muller R, Musone MR, Musumeci M, Navas S, Nayerhoda A, Nicolau CA, Nkosi B, Fearraigh BÓ, Oliviero V, Orlando A, Oukacha E, Paesani D, Palacios González J, Papalashvili G, Paries C, Parisi V, Pastor Gomez EJ, Pastore C, Păun AM, Păvălaş GE, Peña Martínez S, Perrin-Terrin M, Pestel V, Pestes R, Pfeiffer L, Piattelli P, Plavin A, Poirè C, Popa V, Pradier T, Prado J, Pulvirenti S, Quiroz-Rangel CA, Randazzo N, Razzaque S, Rea IC, Real D, Riccobene G, Robinson J, Romanov A, Ros E, Šaina A, Salesa Greus F, Samtleben DFE, Sánchez Losa A, Sanfilippo S, Sanguineti M, Santonocito D, Sapienza P, Schmelling J, Schnabel J, Schumann J, Schutte HM, Seneca J, Sennan N, Sevle P, Sgura I, Shanidze R, Sharma A, Shitov Y, Šimkovic F, Simonelli A, Sinopoulou A, Spisso B, Spurio M, Stavropoulos D, Štekl I, Taiuti M, Tayalati Y, Thiersen H, Thoudam S, Tosta e Melo I, Trocmé B, Tsourapis V, Tudorache A, Tzamariudaki E, Ukleja A, Vacheret A, Valsecchi V, Van Elewyck V, Vannoye G, Vasileiadis G, Vazquez de Sola F, Verilhac C, Veutro A, Viola S, Vivolo D, van Vliet A, Wen AY, de Wolf E, Lhenry-Yvon I, Zavatarelli S, Zegarelli A, Zito D, Zornoza JD, Zúñiga J, Zywucka N. Observation of an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino with KM3NeT. Nature 2025; 638:376-382. [PMID: 39939793 PMCID: PMC11821517 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08543-1] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/14/2025]
Abstract
The detection of cosmic neutrinos with energies above a teraelectronvolt (TeV) offers a unique exploration into astrophysical phenomena1-3. Electrically neutral and interacting only by means of the weak interaction, neutrinos are not deflected by magnetic fields and are rarely absorbed by interstellar matter: their direction indicates that their cosmic origin might be from the farthest reaches of the Universe. High-energy neutrinos can be produced when ultra-relativistic cosmic-ray protons or nuclei interact with other matter or photons, and their observation could be a signature of these processes. Here we report an exceptionally high-energy event observed by KM3NeT, the deep-sea neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea4, which we associate with a cosmic neutrino detection. We detect a muon with an estimated energy of 12 0 - 60 + 110 petaelectronvolts (PeV). In light of its enormous energy and near-horizontal direction, the muon most probably originated from the interaction of a neutrino of even higher energy in the vicinity of the detector. The cosmic neutrino energy spectrum measured up to now5-7 falls steeply with energy. However, the energy of this event is much larger than that of any neutrino detected so far. This suggests that the neutrino may have originated in a different cosmic accelerator than the lower-energy neutrinos, or this may be the first detection of a cosmogenic neutrino8, resulting from the interactions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with background photons in the Universe.
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