1
|
Huang TS, Lunts P, Hafezi M. Nonbosonic Moiré Excitons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:186202. [PMID: 38759194 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.186202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Optical excitations in moiré transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers lead to the creation of excitons, as electron-hole bound states, that are generically considered within a Bose-Hubbard framework. Here, we demonstrate that these composite particles obey an angular momentum commutation relation that is generally nonbosonic. This emergent spin description of excitons indicates a limitation to their occupancy on each site, which is substantial in the weak electron-hole binding regime. The effective exciton theory is accordingly a spin Hamiltonian, which further becomes a Hubbard model of emergent bosons subject to an occupancy constraint after a Holstein-Primakoff transformation. We apply our theory to three commonly studied bilayers (MoSe_{2}/WSe_{2}, WSe_{2}/WS_{2}, and WSe_{2}/MoS_{2}) and show that in the relevant parameter regimes their allowed occupancies never exceed three excitons. Our systematic theory provides guidelines for future research on the many-body physics of moiré excitons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Sheng Huang
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Peter Lunts
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baßler NS, Aiello A, Schmidt KP, Genes C, Reitz M. Metasurface-Based Hybrid Optical Cavities for Chiral Sensing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:043602. [PMID: 38335329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.043602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Quantum metasurfaces, i.e., two-dimensional subwavelength arrays of quantum emitters, can be employed as mirrors towards the design of hybrid cavities, where the optical response is given by the interplay of a cavity-confined field and the surface modes supported by the arrays. We show that stacked layers of quantum metasurfaces with orthogonal dipole orientation can serve as helicity-preserving cavities. These structures exhibit ultranarrow resonances and can enhance the intensity of the incoming field by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously preserving the handedness of the field circulating inside the resonator, as opposed to conventional cavities. The rapid phase shift in the cavity transmission around the resonance can be exploited for the sensitive detection of chiral scatterers passing through the cavity. We discuss possible applications of these resonators as sensors for the discrimination of chiral molecules. Our approach describes a new way of chiral sensing via the measurement of particle-induced phase shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico S Baßler
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Aiello
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai P Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudiu Genes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Reitz
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scheil V, Holzinger R, Moreno-Cardoner M, Ritsch H. Optical Properties of Concentric Nanorings of Quantum Emitters. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13050851. [PMID: 36903728 PMCID: PMC10005549 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A ring of sub-wavelength spaced dipole-coupled quantum emitters features extraordinary optical properties when compared to a one-dimensional chain or a random collection of emitters. One finds the emergence of extremely subradiant collective eigenmodes similar to an optical resonator, which features strong 3D sub-wavelength field confinement near the ring. Motivated by structures commonly appearing in natural light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), we extend these studies to stacked multi-ring geometries. We predict that using double rings allows us to engineer significantly darker and better confined collective excitations over a broader energy band compared to the single-ring case. These enhance weak field absorption and low-loss excitation energy transport. For the specific geometry of the three rings appearing in the natural LH2 light-harvesting antenna, we show that the coupling between the lower double-ring structure and the higher energy blue-shifted single ring is very close to a critical value for the actual size of the molecule. This creates collective excitations with contributions from all three rings, which is a vital ingredient for efficient and fast coherent inter-ring transport. This geometry thus should also prove useful for the design of sub-wavelength weak field antennae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Scheil
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphael Holzinger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Moreno-Cardoner
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baßler NS, Reitz M, Schmidt KP, Genes C. Linear optical elements based on cooperative subwavelength emitter arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:6003-6026. [PMID: 36823868 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe applications of two-dimensional subwavelength quantum emitter arrays as efficient optical elements in the linear regime. For normally incident light, the cooperative optical response, stemming from emitter-emitter dipole exchanges, allows the control of the array's transmission, its resonance frequency, and bandwidth. Operations on fully polarized incident light, such as generic linear and circular polarizers as well as phase retarders can be engineered and described in terms of Jones matrices. Our analytical approach and accompanying numerical simulations identify optimal regimes for such operations and reveal the importance of adjusting the array geometry and of the careful tuning of the external magnetic fields amplitude and direction.
Collapse
|
5
|
Holzinger R, Gutiérrez-Jáuregui R, Hönigl-Decrinis T, Kirchmair G, Asenjo-Garcia A, Ritsch H. Control of Localized Single- and Many-Body Dark States in Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:253601. [PMID: 36608230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subradiant states in a finite chain of two-level quantum emitters coupled to a one-dimensional reservoir are a resource for superior photon storage and their controlled release. As one can maximally store one energy quantum per emitter, storing multiple excitations requires delocalized states, which typically exhibit fermionic correlations and antisymmetric wave functions, thus making them hard to access experimentally. Here we identify a new class of quasilocalized dark states with up to half of the qubits excited, which only appear for lattice constants of an integer multiple of the wavelength. These states allow for a high-fidelity preparation and minimally invasive readout in state-of-the-art setups. In particular, we suggest an experimental implementation using a coplanar waveguide coupled to superconducting transmon qubits on a chip. With minimal free space and intrinsic losses, virtually perfect dark states can be achieved for a low number of qubits featuring fast preparation and precise manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Holzinger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Innsbruck University, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - T Hönigl-Decrinis
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Kirchmair
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - H Ritsch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Innsbruck University, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Experimental Realization of Reconfigurable Photonic Lattices in Coherent Rydberg Atomic Vapors. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9060422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated the formation of a one-dimensional electromagnetically induced optical lattice in coherently prepared three-level 85Rb Rydberg atomic vapors with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The one-dimensional photonic lattice was optically induced by a coupling field with a spatially periodical intensity distribution deriving from the interference of two strong Gaussian beams from the same laser source (~480 nm). Under the Rydberg-EIT condition, the incident weak probe beam can feel a tunable spatially modulated susceptibility, which is verified by the controllable discrete diffraction pattern observed at the output plane of the vapor cell. This investigation not only opens the door for experimentally introducing the strong interaction between Rydberg atoms to govern the beam dynamics in photonic lattices based on atomic coherence but also provides an easily accessible periodic environment for exploring Rydberg-atom physics and related applications.
Collapse
|