1
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Ivanov IA, Kim KT. Entanglement in photo-ionization process. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11378. [PMID: 38762557 PMCID: PMC11102464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a study of the entanglement between the quantized photon field and an atom arising in the photo-ionization process. Our approach is based on an ab initio solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) describing the quantum evolution of a bipartite system consisting of the atom and the quantized electromagnetic field. Using the solution of the TDSE, we calculate the reduced photon density matrix, which we subsequently use to compute entanglement entropy. We explain some properties of the entanglement entropy and propose an approximate formula for the entanglement entropy based on the analysis of the density matrix and its eigenvalues. We present the results of a comparative study of the entanglement in the photo-ionization process for various ionization regimes, including the tunneling and the multiphoton ionization regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Ivanov
- Institute for Basic Science, Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Kyung Taec Kim
- Institute for Basic Science, Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
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2
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Nandi S, Stenquist A, Papoulia A, Olofsson E, Badano L, Bertolino M, Busto D, Callegari C, Carlström S, Danailov MB, Demekhin PV, Di Fraia M, Eng-Johnsson P, Feifel R, Gallician G, Giannessi L, Gisselbrecht M, Manfredda M, Meyer M, Miron C, Peschel J, Plekan O, Prince KC, Squibb RJ, Zangrando M, Zapata F, Zhong S, Dahlström JM. Generation of entanglement using a short-wavelength seeded free-electron laser. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0668. [PMID: 38630815 PMCID: PMC11023495 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Quantum entanglement between the degrees of freedom encountered in the classical world is challenging to observe due to the surrounding environment. To elucidate this issue, we investigate the entanglement generated over ultrafast timescales in a bipartite quantum system comprising two massive particles: a free-moving photoelectron, which expands to a mesoscopic length scale, and a light-dressed atomic ion, which represents a hybrid state of light and matter. Although the photoelectron spectra are measured classically, the entanglement allows us to reveal information about the dressed-state dynamics of the ion and the femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses delivered by a seeded free-electron laser. The observed generation of entanglement is interpreted using the time-dependent von Neumann entropy. Our results unveil the potential for using short-wavelength coherent light pulses from free-electron lasers to generate entangled photoelectron and ion systems for studying spooky action at a distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Nandi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Axel Stenquist
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Edvin Olofsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Badano
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - David Busto
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Philipp V. Demekhin
- Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | | | | | - Raimund Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Catalin Miron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- ELI-NP, “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Mǎgurele, Romania
| | - Jasper Peschel
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C. Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Richard J. Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Felipe Zapata
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shiyang Zhong
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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3
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Fushitani M, Fujise H, Hishikawa A, You D, Saito S, Luo Y, Ueda K, Ibrahim H, Légaré F, Pratt ST, Eng-Johnsson P, Mauritsson J, Olofsson A, Peschel J, Simpson ER, Carpeggiani PA, Ertel D, Maroju PK, Moioli M, Sansone G, Shah R, Csizmadia T, Dumergue M, Nandiga Gopalakrishna H, Kühn S, Callegari C, Danailov M, Demidovich A, Raimondi L, Zangrando M, De Ninno G, Di Fraia M, Giannessi L, Plekan O, Rebernik Ribic P, Prince KC. Wave packet dynamics and control in excited states of molecular nitrogen. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:104203. [PMID: 38469909 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wave packet interferometry with vacuum ultraviolet light has been used to probe a complex region of the electronic spectrum of molecular nitrogen, N2. Wave packets of Rydberg and valence states were excited by using double pulses of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), free-electron-laser (FEL) light. These wave packets were composed of contributions from multiple electronic states with a moderate principal quantum number (n ∼ 4-9) and a range of vibrational and rotational quantum numbers. The phase relationship of the two FEL pulses varied in time, but as demonstrated previously, a shot-by-shot analysis allows the spectra to be sorted according to the phase between the two pulses. The wave packets were probed by angle-resolved photoionization using an infrared pulse with a variable delay after the pair of excitation pulses. The photoelectron branching fractions and angular distributions display oscillations that depend on both the time delays and the relative phases of the VUV pulses. The combination of frequency, time delay, and phase selection provides significant control over the ionization process and ultimately improves the ability to analyze and assign complex molecular spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hikaru Fujise
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shu Saito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- INRS, Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Bld. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Francois Légaré
- INRS, Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Bld. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Stephen T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Olofsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Dominik Ertel
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Praveen Kumar Maroju
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Moioli
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronak Shah
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mathieu Dumergue
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Sergei Kühn
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Zangrando
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Primoz Rebernik Ribic
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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4
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Kretschmar M, Svirplys E, Volkov M, Witting T, Nagy T, Vrakking MJJ, Schütte B. Compact realization of all-attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk9605. [PMID: 38381830 PMCID: PMC10881040 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk9605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The ability to perform attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAPS) is a longstanding goal in ultrafast science. While first pioneering experiments demonstrated the feasibility of APAPS, the low repetition rates (10 to 120 Hz) and the large footprints of existing setups have so far hindered the widespread exploitation of APAPS. Here, we demonstrate two-color APAPS using a commercial laser system at 1 kHz, straightforward post-compression in a hollow-core fiber, and a compact high-harmonic generation (HHG) setup. The latter enables the generation of intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses by using an out-of-focus HHG geometry and by exploiting a transient blueshift of the driving laser in the HHG medium. Near-isolated attosecond pulses are generated, as demonstrated by one-color and two-color XUV-pump XUV-probe experiments. Our concept allows selective pumping and probing on extremely short timescales in many laboratories and permits investigations of fundamental processes that are not accessible by other pump-probe techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mikhail Volkov
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Witting
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Schütte
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Leone SR. Profile of Pierre Agostini, Anne L' Huillier, and Ferenc Krausz: 2023 Nobel laureates in Physics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321587121. [PMID: 38252840 PMCID: PMC10835058 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321587121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
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6
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Morrigan L, Neville SP, Gregory M, Boguslavskiy AE, Forbes R, Wilkinson I, Lausten R, Stolow A, Schuurman MS, Hockett P, Makhija V. Ultrafast Molecular Frame Quantum Tomography. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:193001. [PMID: 38000424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
We develop and experimentally demonstrate a methodology for a full molecular frame quantum tomography (MFQT) of dynamical polyatomic systems. We exemplify this approach through the complete characterization of an electronically nonadiabatic wave packet in ammonia (NH_{3}). The method exploits both energy and time-domain spectroscopic data, and yields the lab frame density matrix (LFDM) for the system, the elements of which are populations and coherences. The LFDM fully characterizes electronic and nuclear dynamics in the molecular frame, yielding the time- and orientation-angle dependent expectation values of any relevant operator. For example, the time-dependent molecular frame electronic probability density may be constructed, yielding information on electronic dynamics in the molecular frame. In NH_{3}, we observe that electronic coherences are induced by nuclear dynamics which nonadiabatically drive electronic motions (charge migration) in the molecular frame. Here, the nuclear dynamics are rotational and it is nonadiabatic Coriolis coupling which drives the coherences. Interestingly, the nuclear-driven electronic coherence is preserved over longer timescales. In general, MFQT can help quantify entanglement between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom, and provide new routes to the study of ultrafast molecular dynamics, charge migration, quantum information processing, and optimal control schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Morrigan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401, USA
| | - Simon P Neville
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Margaret Gregory
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401, USA
| | - Andrey E Boguslavskiy
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Iain Wilkinson
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Institute for Electronic Structure Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rune Lausten
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- NRC-uOttawa Joint Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics (JCEP), Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Michael S Schuurman
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Paul Hockett
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Varun Makhija
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401, USA
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7
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He PL, Hatsagortsyan KZ, Keitel CH. Double-Slit Interference in the Ion Dynamics of Dissociative Photoionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:013201. [PMID: 37478442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The ion momentum distribution in the x-ray-induced dissociative photoionization of molecules is investigated, treating the ionization analytically under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and simulating numerically the ion motion via the Schrödinger equation. The ion-photoelectron entanglement transfers information of the electronic interference to the ion dynamics. As a consequence, the ion momentum distributions of dissociative molecular photoionization present Young's double-slit interference when the photoelectron emission angle is fixed. We demonstrate that double-slit interference signatures persist in the ion longitudinal momentum shift even when the information of the correlated photoelectron is lost, which is the case for heteronuclear molecules when an additional photoelectron recoil momentum arises due to the different ion masses. For the case of sequential double ionization, we show that double-slit interference in the ion dynamics can be utilized for coherent control of the molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun He
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Kobayashi Y, Leone SR. Characterizing coherences in chemical dynamics with attosecond time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:180901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0119942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherence can drive wave-like motion of electrons and nuclei in photoexcited systems, which can yield fast and efficient ways to exert materials’ functionalities beyond the thermodynamic limit. The search for coherent phenomena has been a central topic in chemical physics although their direct characterization is often elusive. Here, we highlight recent advances in time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy (tr-XAS) to investigate coherent phenomena, especially those that utilize the eminent light source of isolated attosecond pulses. The unparalleled time and state sensitivities of tr-XAS in tandem with the unique element specificity render the method suitable to study valence electronic dynamics in a wide variety of materials. The latest studies have demonstrated the capabilities of tr-XAS to characterize coupled electronic–structural coherence in small molecules and coherent light–matter interactions of core-excited excitons in solids. We address current opportunities and challenges in the exploration of coherent phenomena, with potential applications for energy- and bio-related systems, potential crossings, strongly driven solids, and quantum materials. With the ongoing developments in both theory and light sources, tr-XAS holds great promise for revealing the role of coherences in chemical dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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9
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Gregory M, Neville S, Schuurman M, Makhija V. A laboratory frame density matrix for ultrafast quantum molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:164301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0109607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cases, the ultrafast dynamics of resonantly excited molecules are considered and almost always computed in the molecular frame, while experiments are carried out in the laboratory frame. Here, we provide a formalism in terms of a lab frame density matrix, which connects quantum dynamics in the molecular frame to those in the laboratory frame, providing a transparent link between computation and measurement. The formalism reveals that in any such experiment, the molecular frame dynamics vary for molecules in different orientations and that certain coherences, which are potentially experimentally accessible, are rejected by the orientation-averaged reduced vibronic density matrix. Instead, molecular angular distribution moments are introduced as a more accurate representation of experimentally accessible information. Furthermore, the formalism provides a clear definition of a molecular frame quantum tomography and specifies the requirements to perform such a measurement enabling the experimental imaging of molecular frame vibronic dynamics. Successful completion of such a measurement fully characterizes the molecular frame quantum dynamics for a molecule at any orientation in the laboratory frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Gregory
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Mary Washington, 1301 College Avenue, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401, USA
| | - Simon Neville
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Michael Schuurman
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Varun Makhija
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Mary Washington, 1301 College Avenue, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401, USA
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10
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Ng RC, El Sachat A, Cespedes F, Poblet M, Madiot G, Jaramillo-Fernandez J, Florez O, Xiao P, Sledzinska M, Sotomayor-Torres CM, Chavez-Angel E. Excitation and detection of acoustic phonons in nanoscale systems. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13428-13451. [PMID: 36082529 PMCID: PMC9520674 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phonons play a key role in the physical properties of materials, and have long been a topic of study in physics. While the effects of phonons had historically been considered to be a hindrance, modern research has shown that phonons can be exploited due to their ability to couple to other excitations and consequently affect the thermal, dielectric, and electronic properties of solid state systems, greatly motivating the engineering of phononic structures. Advances in nanofabrication have allowed for structuring and phonon confinement even down to the nanoscale, drastically changing material properties. Despite developments in fabricating such nanoscale devices, the proper manipulation and characterization of phonons continues to be challenging. However, a fundamental understanding of these processes could enable the realization of key applications in diverse fields such as topological phononics, information technologies, sensing, and quantum electrodynamics, especially when integrated with existing electronic and photonic devices. Here, we highlight seven of the available methods for the excitation and detection of acoustic phonons and vibrations in solid materials, as well as advantages, disadvantages, and additional considerations related to their application. We then provide perspectives towards open challenges in nanophononics and how the additional understanding granted by these techniques could serve to enable the next generation of phononic technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Ng
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Francisco Cespedes
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Poblet
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Guilhem Madiot
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juliana Jaramillo-Fernandez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Omar Florez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peng Xiao
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Sledzinska
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Clivia M Sotomayor-Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emigdio Chavez-Angel
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Uhl D, Wituschek A, Michiels R, Trinter F, Jahnke T, Allaria E, Callegari C, Danailov M, Di Fraia M, Plekan O, Bangert U, Dulitz K, Landmesser F, Michelbach M, Simoncig A, Manfredda M, Spampinati S, Penco G, Squibb RJ, Feifel R, Laarmann T, Mudrich M, Prince KC, Cerullo G, Giannessi L, Stienkemeier F, Bruder L. Extreme Ultraviolet Wave Packet Interferometry of the Autoionizing HeNe Dimer. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8470-8476. [PMID: 36054027 PMCID: PMC9486932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond extreme ultraviolet wave packet interferometry (XUV-WPI) was applied to study resonant interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) in the HeNe dimer. The high demands on phase stability and sensitivity for vibronic XUV-WPI of molecular-beam targets are met using an XUV phase-cycling scheme. The detected quantum interferences exhibit vibronic dephasing and rephasing signatures along with an ultrafast decoherence assigned to the ICD process. A Fourier analysis reveals the molecular absorption spectrum with high resolution. The demonstrated experiment shows a promising route for the real-time analysis of ultrafast ICD processes with both high temporal and high spectral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Uhl
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wituschek
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Michiels
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut
für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Molecular
Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Jahnke
- Institut
für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Enrico Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miltcho Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ulrich Bangert
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Dulitz
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Landmesser
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Michelbach
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Simoncig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Manfredda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Spampinati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Richard James Squibb
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6 B, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Raimund Feifel
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6 B, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tim Laarmann
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg
Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Mudrich
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kevin C. Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR
and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico
di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori
Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Bruder
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Maxwell AS, Madsen LB, Lewenstein M. Entanglement of orbital angular momentum in non-sequential double ionization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4706. [PMID: 35948552 PMCID: PMC9365801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Entanglement has a capacity to enhance imaging procedures, but this remains unexplored for attosecond imaging. Here, we elucidate that possibility, addressing orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement in ultrafast processes. In the correlated process non-sequential double ionization (NSDI) we demonstrate robust photoelectron entanglement. In contrast to commonly considered continuous variables, the discrete OAM allows for a simpler interpretation, computation, and measurement of entanglement. The logarithmic negativity reveals that the entanglement is robust to incoherence and an entanglement witness minimizes the number of measurements to detect the entanglement, both quantities are related to OAM coherence terms. We quantify the entanglement for a range of targets and field parameters to find the most entangled photoelectron pairs. This methodology provides a general way to use OAM to quantify and measure entanglement, well-suited to attosecond processes, and can be exploited to enhance imaging capabilities through correlated measurements, or for generation of OAM-entangled electrons. In strong field ionization, entanglement between an electron and an ion has been discussed previously. Here the authors explore orbital angular momentum entanglement between the electrons released in non-sequential double ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Maxwell
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Lars Bojer Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Koll LM, Maikowski L, Drescher L, Vrakking MJJ, Witting T. Phase-locking of time-delayed attosecond XUV pulse pairs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7082-7095. [PMID: 35299479 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a setup for the generation of phase-locked attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse pairs. The attosecond pulse pairs are generated by high harmonic generation (HHG) driven by two phase-locked near-infrared (NIR) pulses that are produced using an actively stabilized Mach-Zehnder interferometer compatible with near-single cycle pulses. The attosecond XUV pulses can be delayed over a range of 400 fs with a sub-10-as delay jitter. We validate the precision and the accuracy of the setup by XUV optical interferometry and by retrieving the energies of Rydberg states of helium in an XUV pump-NIR probe photoelectron spectroscopy experiment.
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14
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Dowek D, Decleva P. Trends in angle-resolved molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24614-24654. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective article, main trends of angle-resolved molecular photoelectron spectroscopy in the laboratory up to the molecular frame, in different regimes of light-matter interactions, are highlighted with emphasis on foundations and most recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Dowek
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Piero Decleva
- CNR IOM and Dipartimento DSCF, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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