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Lee SH, Jin HJ, Song HS, Hong S, Park TH. Bioelectronic nose with high sensitivity and selectivity using chemically functionalized carbon nanotube combined with human olfactory receptor. J Biotechnol 2011; 157:467-72. [PMID: 21945089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (swCNTs) hold great promise for use as molecular wires because they exhibit high electrical conductivity and chemical stability. However, constructing swCNT-based transducer devices requires controlled strategies for assembling biomolecules on swCNTs. In this study, we proposed a chemically modified swCNT. The swCNT was functionalized with 1,5-diaminonaphthalene via π-stacking, for reliable attachment of the human olfactory receptor 2AG1 (hOR2AG1). The human olfactory receptor was then anchored. We investigated the use of this functionalized CNT in the fabrication of a highly sensitive and selective bioelectronic nose. For the bioelectronic nose, the swCNT-field effect transistor (FET) platform was composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated regions to prevent non-specific absorption and chemically modified swCNTs regions containing hOR2AG1, which can bind to the specific odorant. This approach allowed us to create well-defined micron-scale patterns of hOR2AG1 on the swCNTs. Our bioelectronic nose displayed ultrahigh sensitivity down to concentrations as low as 1fM due to the enhanced hOR2AG1-odorant interaction through the tight binding of hOR2AG1 on the chemically modified swCNTs. In addition, the approach described here may provide an alternative route for multiplexed detection of diverse odorants and to improve the sensitivity of sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Lee BY, Sung MG, Lee J, Baik KY, Kwon YK, Lee MS, Hong S. Universal parameters for carbon nanotube network-based sensors: can nanotube sensors be reproducible? ACS NANO 2011; 5:4373-4379. [PMID: 21615164 DOI: 10.1021/nn103056s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) network-based sensors have been often considered unsuitable for practical applications due to their unpredictable characteristics. Herein, we report the study of universal parameters which can be used to characterize CNT network-based sensors and make their response predictable. A theoretical model is proposed to explain these parameters, and sensing experiments for mercury (Hg(2+)) and ammonium (NH(4)(+)) ions using CNT network-based sensors were performed to confirm the validity of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Yang Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Lee BY, Seo SM, Lee DJ, Lee M, Lee J, Cheon JH, Cho E, Lee H, Chung IY, Park YJ, Kim S, Hong S. Biosensor system-on-a-chip including CMOS-based signal processing circuits and 64 carbon nanotube-based sensors for the detection of a neurotransmitter. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:894-898. [PMID: 20300676 DOI: 10.1039/b916975j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We developed a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based biosensor system-on-a-chip (SoC) for the detection of a neurotransmitter. Here, 64 CNT-based sensors were integrated with silicon-based signal processing circuits in a single chip, which was made possible by combining several technological breakthroughs such as efficient signal processing, uniform CNT networks, and biocompatible functionalization of CNT-based sensors. The chip was utilized to detect glutamate, a neurotransmitter, where ammonia, a byproduct of the enzymatic reaction of glutamate and glutamate oxidase on CNT-based sensors, modulated the conductance signals to the CNT-based sensors. This is a major technological advancement in the integration of CNT-based sensors with microelectronics, and this chip can be readily integrated with larger scale lab-on-a-chip (LoC) systems for various applications such as LoC systems for neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Yang Lee
- Nano-Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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Lee M, Lee J, Kim TH, Lee H, Lee BY, Park J, Jhon YM, Seong MJ, Hong S. 100 nm scale low-noise sensors based on aligned carbon nanotube networks: overcoming the fundamental limitation of network-based sensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:055504. [PMID: 20032552 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/5/055504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks have been considered impractical due to several fundamental limitations such as a poor sensitivity and small signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, we present a strategy to overcome these fundamental problems and build highly-sensitive low-noise nanoscale sensors simply by controlling the structure of the SWNT networks. In this strategy, we prepared nanoscale width channels based on aligned SWNT networks using a directed assembly strategy. Significantly, the aligned network-based sensors with narrower channels exhibited even better signal-to-noise ratio than those with wider channels, which is opposite to conventional random network-based sensors. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated 100 nm scale low-noise sensors to detect mercury ions with the detection limit of approximately 1 pM, which is superior to any state-of-the-art portable detection system and is below the allowable limit of mercury ions in drinking water set by most government environmental protection agencies. This is the first demonstration of 100 nm scale low-noise sensors based on SWNT networks. Considering the increased interests in high-density sensor arrays for healthcare and environmental protection, our strategy should have a significant impact on various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minbaek Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Shilim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Janssen HK, Stenull O. Distribution functions in percolation problems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:011128. [PMID: 19257022 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.011128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Percolation clusters are random fractals whose geometrical and transport properties can be characterized with the help of probability distribution functions. Using renormalized field theory, we determine the asymptotic form of various such distribution functions in the limits where certain scaling variables become small or large. Our study includes the pair-connection probability, the distributions of the fractal masses of the backbone, the red bonds, and the shortest, the longest, and the average self-avoiding walk between any two points on a cluster, as well as the distribution of the total resistance in the random resistor network. Our analysis draws solely on general, structural features of the underlying diagrammatic perturbation theory, and hence our main results are valid to arbitrary loop order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Karl Janssen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Lee UY, Heo K, Bak JH, Cho SU, Moon S, Park YD, Hong S. Scalable assembly method of vertically-suspended and stretched carbon nanotube network devices for nanoscale electro-mechanical sensing components. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:4483-4487. [PMID: 19367853 DOI: 10.1021/nl802434s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, vertically suspended and stretched carbon nanotube network junctions were fabricated in large quantity via the directed assembly strategy using only conventional microfabrication facilities. In this process, surface molecular patterns on the side-wall of the Al structures were utilized to guide the assembly and alignment of carbon nanotubes in the solution. We also performed extensive experimental (electrical and mechanical) analysis and theoretical simulation about the vertically suspended single-walled carbon nanotube network junctions. The junctions exhibited semiconductor-like conductance behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrated gas sensing and electromechanical sensing using these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ung Yang Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Program in Nano-Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Janssen HK, Stenull O. Corrections to scaling in random resistor networks and diluted continuous spin models near the percolation threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:026118. [PMID: 14995531 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.026118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigate corrections to scaling induced by irrelevant operators in randomly diluted systems near the percolation threshold. The specific systems that we consider are the random resistor network and a class of continuous spin systems, such as the x-y model. We focus on a family of least irrelevant operators and determine the corrections to scaling that originate from this family. Our field theoretic analysis carefully takes into account that irrelevant operators mix under renormalization. It turns out that long standing results on corrections to scaling are respectively incorrect (random resistor networks) or incomplete (continuous spin systems).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Karl Janssen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Kolek A, Kusy A. Critical exponents for conductance and 1/f noise in discrete-lattice percolation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/21/16/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Stenull O, Janssen HK, Oerding K. Critical exponents for diluted resistor networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1999; 59:4919-30. [PMID: 11969444 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.59.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/1998] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
An approach by Stephen [Phys. Rev. B 17, 4444 (1978)] is used to investigate the critical properties of randomly diluted resistor networks near the percolation threshold by means of renormalized field theory. We reformulate an existing field theory by Harris and Lubensky [Phys. Rev. B 35, 6964 (1987)]. By a decomposition of the principal Feynman diagrams, we obtain diagrams which again can be interpreted as resistor networks. This interpretation provides for an alternative way of evaluating the Feynman diagrams for random resistor networks. We calculate the resistance crossover exponent phi up to second order in epsilon=6-d, where d is the spatial dimension. Our result phi=1+epsilon/42+4epsilon(2)/3087 verifies a previous calculation by Lubensky and Wang, which itself was based on the Potts-model formulation of the random resistor network.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Stenull
- Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Wiseman S, Domany E. Lack of self-averaging in critical disordered systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 52:3469-3484. [PMID: 9963823 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Choi MS, Kim WS, Lee SI. Conductivity distribution of resistor-capacitor composites. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:15348-15351. [PMID: 10010651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.15348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Noh TW, Song PH, Lee SI, Harris DC, Gaines JR, Garland JC. Far-infrared studies of two-dimensional random metal-insulator composites. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:4212-4221. [PMID: 10004152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Yagil Y, Yosefin M, Bergman DJ, Deutscher G, Gadenne P. Scaling theory for the optical properties of semicontinuous metal films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:11342-11352. [PMID: 9996871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Harris AB, Meir Y, Aharony A. Resistance distributions of the random resistor network near the percolation threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:4610-4618. [PMID: 9994288 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.4610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Harris AB, Aharony A. Phase diagrams for the randomly diluted resistor network and XY model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:7230-7238. [PMID: 9991110 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.7230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fourcade B, Breton P, Tremblay A. Multifractals and critical phenomena in percolating networks: Fixed point, gap scaling, and universality. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:8925-8928. [PMID: 9942748 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.8925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Lemieux M, Tremblay A. Densities of states, projected densities of states, and transfer-matrix methods from a unified point of view. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:1463-1474. [PMID: 9942977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Harris AB, Lubensky TC. Randomly diluted xy and resistor networks near the percolation threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 35:6964-6986. [PMID: 9940956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.6964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Blumenfeld R, Meir Y, Aharony A, Harris AB. Resistance fluctuations in randomly diluted networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 35:3524-3535. [PMID: 9941856 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.3524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Lubensky TC, Tremblay A. epsilon expansion for transport exponents of continuum percolating systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1986; 34:3408-3417. [PMID: 9940080 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.34.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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21
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Lubensky TC, Wang J. Percolation conductivity exponent t to second order in epsilon =6-d. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1986; 33:4998-5009. [PMID: 9938970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.33.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Rammal R, Tannous C, Breton P, Tremblay A. Flicker (1/f) noise in percolation networks: A new hierarchy of exponents. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1985; 54:1718-1721. [PMID: 10031116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.54.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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