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Jones ACL, Greaves RG, Codding CL, Selim FA. Development of a pulsed, variable-energy positron beam for atomic scale defect studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:043903. [PMID: 35489933 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Positron annihilation spectroscopy provides a sensitive means of non-destructive characterization of materials, capable of probing single atom vacancies in solids with 10-7 sensitivity. We detail here the development of a magnetically guided, variable energy, pulsed positron beam designed to conduct depth-dependent defect studies in metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics, which will be the first of its kind in the United States. The design of the target stage provides capabilities for measurements during in situ annealing up to 800 °C and incorporates a new approach to minimize the background due to energetic backscattered positrons. The developed beam at Bowling Green State University provides a powerful tool for characterization of thin films, devices, and ion irradiated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C L Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43402, USA
| | - R G Greaves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, 92507, USA
| | - C L Codding
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43402, USA
| | - F A Selim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43402, USA
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Study on surface structure of plasma-treated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer by slow positron beam. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Zubiaga A, Tuomisto F, Puska MJ. Pick-Off Annihilation of Positronium in Matter Using Full Correlation Single Particle Potentials: Solid He. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:1747-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zubiaga
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto Espoo, Finland
| | - F. Tuomisto
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto Espoo, Finland
| | - M. J. Puska
- COMP
Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto Espoo, Finland
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Molek CD, Michael Lindsay C, Fajardo ME. A combined matrix isolation spectroscopy and cryosolid positron moderation apparatus. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:035106. [PMID: 23556851 DOI: 10.1063/1.4795555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe the design, construction, and operation of a novel apparatus for investigating efficiency improvements in thin-film cryogenic solid positron moderators. We report results from solid neon, argon, krypton, and xenon positron moderators which illustrate the capabilities and limitations of our apparatus. We integrate a matrix isolation spectroscopy diagnostic within a reflection-geometry positron moderation system. We report the optical thickness, impurity content, and impurity trapping site structures within our moderators determined from infrared absorption spectra. We use a retarding potential analyzer to modulate the flow of slow positrons, and report positron currents vs. retarding potential for the different moderators. We identify vacuum ultraviolet emissions from irradiated Ne moderators as the source of spurious signals in our channel electron multiplier slow positron detection channel. Our design is also unusual in that it employs a sealed radioactive Na-22 positron source which can be translated relative to, and isolated from, the cryogenic moderator deposition substrate. This allows us to separate the influences on moderator efficiency of surface contamination by residual gases from those of accumulated radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Molek
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Ordnance Division, Energetic Materials Branch, AFRL∕RWME, 2306 Perimeter Road, Eglin AFB, Florida 32542-5910, USA
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Iakubov IT, Pogosov VV. Positron states in noble liquids: Affinity, effective mass, and mobility. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:13362-13368. [PMID: 9983080 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jorgensen LV, Merrison JP, Deutch BI, Charlton M, Jones GO. Positron dynamics in surface-charged solid argon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:12402-12407. [PMID: 9980382 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Massoumi GR, Lennard WN, Schultz PJ, Walker AB, Jensen KO. Electron and positron backscattering in the medium-energy range. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:11007-11018. [PMID: 10005233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Puska MJ, Nieminen RM. Positron and electron energy levels in rare-gas solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:1278-1283. [PMID: 10003765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gullikson EM, Mills AP. Positron spectroscopy of solid N2. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:7695-7698. [PMID: 9994927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kong Y, Lynn KG. Transport model of thermal and epithermal positrons in solids. I. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:6179-6184. [PMID: 9992861 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kong Y, Lynn KG. Transport model of thermal and epithermal positrons in solids. II. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:6185-6192. [PMID: 9992862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.6185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mayer R, Gramsch E, Weiss A. Comparison of energy distributions of positron- and electron-induced secondary electrons: Implications for slow positron emission mechanisms. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:11287-11290. [PMID: 9991695 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.11287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Tuomisaari M, Howell RH, McMullen T. Spectroscopy of positronium emission from alkali halides. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:2060-2069. [PMID: 9992081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gullikson EM, Mills AP. Electron emission due to positronium annihilation in solid Ar, Kr, and Xe. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:6121-6124. [PMID: 9949037 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.6121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gullikson EM, Henke BL. X-ray-induced secondary-electron emission from solid xenon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:1-9. [PMID: 9947114 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mayer R, Weiss A. Comparative study of secondary-electron emission from positron and electron bombardment of Ni, Si, and MgO. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:11927-11930. [PMID: 9946105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.11927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Rich A. Surface investigations using the positron reemission microscope. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 61:488-491. [PMID: 10039348 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Chen YC, Lynn KG, Nielsen B. Monitoring the surface oxidation process with an energy-tunable monoenergetic positron beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:3105-3108. [PMID: 9944893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Gullikson EM, Mills AP, McRae EG. Observation of intense two-beam positron diffraction and the precise determination of the positron band gap in rare-gas crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:588-591. [PMID: 9943626 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Harshman DR, Mills AP, Beveridge JL, Kendall KR, Morris GD, Senba M, Warren JB, Rupaal AS, Turner JH. Generation of slow positive muons from solid rare-gas moderators. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:8850-8853. [PMID: 9942727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.8850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Jensen KO, Nieminen RM. Noble-gas bubbles in metals: Molecular-dynamics simulations and positron states. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:8219-8232. [PMID: 9942631 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.8219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Huomo H, Vehanen A, Bentzon MD, Hautojärvi P. Positron diffusion in Mo: The role of epithermal positrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 35:8252-8255. [PMID: 9941166 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.8252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Sferlazzo P, Berko S, Canter KF. Time-of-flight spectroscopy of positronium emission from quartz and magnesium oxide. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 35:5315-5318. [PMID: 9940724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Lynn KG, Nielsen B. Comment on emission of band-gap-energy positrons from surfaces of LiF, NaF, and other ionic crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 58:81. [PMID: 10034295 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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