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Qiu G, Zhang P, Deng P, Chong SK, Tai L, Eckberg C, Wang KL. Mesoscopic Transport of Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in the Submicron Size Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:217704. [PMID: 35687463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.217704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect has been demonstrated in two-dimensional topological insulator systems incorporated with ferromagnetism. However, a comprehensive understanding of mesoscopic transport in submicron QAH devices has not yet been established. Here we fabricated miniaturized QAH devices with channel widths down to 600 nm, where the QAH features are still preserved. A backscattering channel is formed in narrow QAH devices through percolative hopping between 2D compressible puddles. Large resistance fluctuations are observed in narrow devices near the coercive field, which is associated with collective interference between intersecting paths along domain walls when the device geometry is smaller than the phase coherence length L_{ϕ}. Through measurement of size-dependent breakdown current, we confirmed that the chiral edge states are confined at the physical boundary with its width on the order of Fermi wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Peng Deng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Su Kong Chong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Lixuan Tai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Christopher Eckberg
- Fibertek Inc., Herndon, Virginia 20171, USA
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Playa Vista, California 90094, USA
| | - Kang L Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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2
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Singh J, Sinha S, Batra N, Joshi A. Applications of soluble, encapsulated and cross-linked peroxidases from Sapindus mukorossi for the removal of phenolic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2012; 33:349-358. [PMID: 22519121 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.572925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidases have been known to polymerize phenolic compounds and precipitate them from solution. Sapindus peroxidases (SPases) were extracted from the leaves of Sapindus mukorossi and precipitated with four volumes of chilled methanol. Soluble, encapsulated and cross-linked forms of enzymes were used for the removal of phenolic compounds (initial concentration 1.0 mM) in a stirred batch reactor. Calcium alginate beads were prepared using sodium alginate and calcium chloride at 1.5% and 5.0% (w/v), respectively. Sodium alginate and glutaraldehyde at 1.0% (w/v) and 0.8% (v/v), respectively, were optimized for cross-linking of SPases. The maximal removal of 2-chlorophenol was found in the buffers ofpH range 4-7 and at 30-60 degrees C in the presence of 1.2 mM H2O2 by soluble enzymes, but encapsulated and cross-linked enzymes worked well at pH 5 and at 50 degrees C in the presence of 0.8 mM H2O2. The optimized doses of soluble, encapsulated and cross-linked SPases were 1.2, 4.2 and 1.2 mg/mL, respectively, for the removal of phenolic compounds. Encapsulated and cross-linked enzymes showed a lower efficiency than soluble enzyme but can be reused in multiple cycles for the removal of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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3
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Goldman VJ, Su B. Resonant tunneling in the quantum Hall regime: measurement of fractional charge. Science 2010; 267:1010-2. [PMID: 17811442 DOI: 10.1126/science.267.5200.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In experiments on resonant tunneling through a "quantum antidot" (a potential hill) in the quantum Hall (QH) regime, periodic conductance peaks were observed as a function of both magnetic field and back gate voltage. A combination of the two periods constitutes a measurement of the charge of the tunneling particles and implies that charge deficiency on the antidot is quantized in units of the charge of quasi-particles of the surrounding QH condensate. The experimentally determined value of the electron charge e is 1.57 x 10(-19) coulomb = (0.98 +/- 0.03) e for the states v = 1 and v = 2 of the integer QH effect, and the quasi-particle charge is 5.20 x 10(-20) coulomb = (0.325 +/- 0.01)e for the state v = (1/3) of the fractional QH effect.
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Shopen E, Gefen Y, Meir Y. Quasiparticle tunneling through a barrier in the fractional quantum hall regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:136803. [PMID: 16197164 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.136803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling of fractionally charged quasiparticles (QPs) through a barrier is considered in the context of a multiply connected geometry. In this geometry global constraints do not prohibit such a tunneling process. The tunneling amplitude is evaluated and the crossover from mesoscopic QP-dominated to electron-dominated tunneling as the system's size is increased is found. The presence of disorder enhances both electron and QP-tunneling rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Shopen
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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5
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Csáthy GA, Tsui DC, Pfeiffer LN, West KW. Possible observation of phase coexistence of the nu=1/3 fractional quantum hall liquid and a solid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:256804. [PMID: 15245047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.256804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the magnetoresistance of a very low density and extremely high quality two-dimensional hole system. With increasing magnetic field applied perpendicularly to the sample we observe the sequence of insulating, nu=1/3 fractional quantum Hall liquid, and insulating phases. In both of the insulating phases in the vicinity of the nu=1/3 filling the magnetoresistance has an unexpected oscillatory behavior with the magnetic field. These oscillations are not of the Shubnikov-de Haas type and cannot be explained by spin effects. They are most likely the consequence of the formation of a new electronic phase which is intermediate between the correlated Hall liquid and a disorder pinned solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Csáthy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Melinte S, Berciu M, Zhou C, Tutuc E, Papadakis SJ, Harrison C, De Poortere EP, Wu M, Chaikin PM, Shayegan M, Bhatt RN, Register RA. Laterally modulated 2D electron system in the extreme quantum limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:036802. [PMID: 14753891 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.036802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on magnetotransport of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES), located 32 nm below the surface, with a surface superlattice gate structure of periodicity 39 nm imposing a periodic modulation of its potential. For low Landau level fillings nu, the diagonal resistivity displays a rich pattern of fluctuations, even though the disorder dominates over the periodic modulation. Theoretical arguments based on the combined effects of the long-wavelength, strong disorder and the short-wavelength, weak periodic modulation present in the 2DES qualitatively explain the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Melinte
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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7
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Peled E, Shahar D, Chen Y, Diez E, Sivco DL, Cho AY. Near-perfect correlation of the resistance components of mesoscopic samples at the quantum Hall regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:236802. [PMID: 14683205 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.236802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study the four-terminal resistance fluctuations of mesoscopic samples near the transition between the nu=2 and the nu=1 quantum Hall states. We observe near-perfect correlations between the fluctuations of the longitudinal and Hall components of the resistance. These correlated fluctuations appear in a magnetic-field range for which the two-terminal resistance of the samples is quantized. We discuss these findings in light of edge-state transport models of the quantum Hall effect. We also show that our results lead to an ambiguity in the determination of the width of quantum Hall transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peled
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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8
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Peled E, Shahar D, Chen Y, Sivco DL, Cho AY. Observation of a quantized hall resistivity in the presence of mesoscopic fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:246802. [PMID: 12857211 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.246802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of mesoscopic, two-dimensional electronic systems at high magnetic fields. Our samples, prepared from a low-mobility InGaAs/InAlAs wafer, exhibit reproducible, sample specific, resistance fluctuations. Focusing on the lowest Landau level, we find that, while the diagonal resistivity displays strong fluctuations, the Hall resistivity is free of fluctuations and remains quantized at its nu=1 value, h/e(2). This is true also in the insulating phase that terminates the quantum Hall series. These results extend the validity of the semicircle law of conductivity in the quantum Hall effect to the mesoscopic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peled
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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9
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Kane CL. Telegraph noise and fractional statistics in the quantum Hall effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:226802. [PMID: 12857331 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.226802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study theoretically nonequilibrium noise in the fractional quantum Hall regime for an Aharonov-Bohm ring with a third contact in the middle of the ring. Because of their fractional statistics the tunneling of Laughlin quasiparticles between the inner and outer edges of the ring changes the effective Aharonov-Bohm flux experienced by quasiparticles going around the ring, leading to a change in the conductance across the ring. A small current in the middle contact, therefore, gives rise to fluctuations in the current flowing across the ring which resemble random telegraph noise. We analyze this noise using the chiral Luttinger liquid model. At low frequencies the telegraph noise varies inversely with the tunneling current and can be much larger than the shot noise. We propose that combining the Aharonov-Bohm effect with a noise measurement provides a direct method for observing fractional statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kane
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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10
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Grayson M, Tsui DC, Pfeiffer LN, West KW, Chang AM. Resonant tunneling into a biased fractional quantum Hall edge. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:2645-2648. [PMID: 11290001 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We observe resonant tunneling into a voltage biased fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) edge, using atomically sharp tunnel barriers unique to cleaved-edge overgrown devices. The resonances demonstrate different tunnel couplings to the metallic lead and the FQHE edge. Weak coupling to the FQHE edge produces clear non-Fermi liquid behavior with a sixfold increase in resonance area under bias arising from the power law density of states at the FQHE edge. A simple device model uses the resonant tunneling formalism for chiral Luttinger liquids to successfully describe the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grayson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA.
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11
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12
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Cobden DH, Kogan E. Measurement of the conductance distribution function at a quantum Hall transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:R17316-R17319. [PMID: 9985946 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r17316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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13
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Lei M, Zhu N, Guo H. Quantum Hall effect in the presence of an antidot potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:16784-16792. [PMID: 9981084 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.16784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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14
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Eiles TM, Simmons JA, Sherwin ME, Klem JF. Magnetic focusing in parallel quantum point contacts. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:10756-10759. [PMID: 9980162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.10756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Mace DR, Barnes CH, Faini G, Mailly D, Simmons MY, Ford CJ, Pepper M. General picture of quantum Hall transitions in quantum antidots. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:R8672-R8675. [PMID: 9979923 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.r8672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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16
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Renn SR, Arovas DP. Nonlinear I(V) characteristics of Luttinger liquids and gated Hall bars. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:16832-16839. [PMID: 9978692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.16832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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17
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Méndez C, Simonin J. Proposed magnetoinductance measurements in the quantum-Hall-effect regime: Current distribution in edge channels. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:14737-14740. [PMID: 9978415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.14737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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18
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Dorozhkin SI, Haug RJ, Ploog K. Experimental determination of the quasiparticle charge and the energy gap in the fractional quantum Hall effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:14729-14732. [PMID: 9978413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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19
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Morgan A, Cobden DH, Pepper M, Jin G, Tang YS, Wilkinson CD. Resistance fluctuations in diffusive transport at high magnetic fields in narrrow Si transistors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:12187-12190. [PMID: 9975366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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20
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Main PC, Geim AK, Carmona HA, Brown CV, Foster TJ, Taboryski R, Lindelof PE. Resistance fluctuations in the quantum Hall regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:4450-4455. [PMID: 9976746 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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21
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Kirczenow G. Scattering models of conduction around an antidot in a magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:1649-1655. [PMID: 9976351 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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22
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Zyuzin AY. Superconductor-normal-metal-superconductor junction in a strong magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:323-329. [PMID: 9974546 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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23
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Méndez C, Simonin J. Transport theory in the fractional-quantum-Hall-effect regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:17199-17207. [PMID: 10010899 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.17199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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24
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Ford CJ, Simpson PJ, Zailer I, Mace DR, Yosefin M, Pepper M, Ritchie DA, Frost JE, Grimshaw MP, Jones GA. Charging and double-frequency Aharonov-Bohm effects in an open system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:17456-17459. [PMID: 10010934 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.17456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Fisher MP. Cooper-pair tunneling into a quantum Hall fluid. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:14550-14553. [PMID: 10010539 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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26
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Goldman VJ, Su B, Jain JK. Detection of composite fermions by magnetic focusing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:2065-2068. [PMID: 10055779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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27
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Kirczenow G, Sachrajda AS, Feng Y, Taylor RP, Henning L, Wang J, Zawadzki P, Coleridge PT. Artificial impurities in quantum wires: From classical to quantum behavior. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:2069-2072. [PMID: 10055780 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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28
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Katayama Y, Tsui DC, Shayegan M. Experimental study of sigma xx(T) for quasiparticle charge determination in the fractional quantum Hall effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:7400-7407. [PMID: 10009478 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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29
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Kane CL, Fisher MP. Nonequilibrium noise and fractional charge in the quantum Hall effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:724-727. [PMID: 10056507 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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30
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Liu D. Universal scaling of strong-field localization in an integer quantum Hall liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:2677-2690. [PMID: 10011101 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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31
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Pokrovsky VL, Pryadko LP. Quasi Fermi distribution and resonant tunneling of quasiparticles with fractional charges. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:124-127. [PMID: 10055582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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32
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Feng S, Zhang SC. Little-Parks and Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in fractional Hall regime: Manifestation of Chern-Simons gauge flux. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:3533-3536. [PMID: 10055001 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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33
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Jain JK, Kivelson SA, Thouless DJ. Proposed measurement of an effective flux quantum in the fractional quantum Hall effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:3003-3006. [PMID: 10054833 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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34
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Hwang SW, Tsui DC, Shayegan M. Experimental evidence for finite-width edge channels in integer and fractional quantum Hall effects. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:8161-8165. [PMID: 10007007 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.8161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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35
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Wen XG. Resonant tunneling in the fractional quantum Hall regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:2605-2608. [PMID: 10053605 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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36
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Gefen Y, Thouless DJ. Detection of fractional charge and quenching of the quantum Hall effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:10423-10436. [PMID: 10005153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.10423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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37
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Yi J, Canright GS. Spontaneous magnetization of anyons with long-range repulsion. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:273-278. [PMID: 10004442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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38
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Koch S, Haug RJ, Klitzing K, Ploog K. Experimental studies of the localization transition in the quantum Hall regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:1596-1602. [PMID: 10003805 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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39
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Alphenaar BW, Williamson JG, Beenakker CW, Foxon CT. Observation of excess conductance of a constricted electron gas in the fractional quantum Hall regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:3890-3893. [PMID: 10001991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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40
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Hwang SW, Simmons JA, Tsui DC, Shayegan M. Quantum interference in two independently tunable parallel point contacts. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:13497-13503. [PMID: 9999552 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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41
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Simmons JA, Hwang SW, Tsui DC, Wei HP, Engel LW, Shayegan M. Resistance fluctuations in the integral- and fractional-quantum-Hall-effect regimes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:12933-12944. [PMID: 9999475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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42
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Kinaret JM, Lee PA. Conductance of a disordered narrow wire in a strong magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:3847-3855. [PMID: 9997728 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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43
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Thouless DJ, Gefen Y. Fractional quantum Hall effect and multiple Aharonov-Bohm periods. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 66:806-809. [PMID: 10043905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Wu YS, Hatsugai Y, Kohmoto M. Gauge invariance of fractionally charged quasiparticles and hidden topological Zn symmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 66:659-662. [PMID: 10043866 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Kivelson S. Semiclassical theory of localized many-anyon states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1990; 65:3369-3372. [PMID: 10042854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Lee PA. Comment on "Resistance fluctuations in narrow AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures: Direct evidence of fractional charge in the fractional quantum Hall effect". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1990; 65:2206. [PMID: 10042481 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Turberfield AJ, Haynes SR, Wright PA, Ford RA, Clark RG, Ryan JF, Harris JJ, Foxon CT. Optical detection of the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects in GaAs. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1990; 65:637-640. [PMID: 10042974 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abstract
Recent research has uncovered a fascinating quantum liquid made up solely of electrons confined to a plane surface. Found only at temperatures near absolute zero and in extremely strong magnetic fields, this liquid can flow without friction. The excited states of this liquid consist of peculiar particle-like objects that carry an exact fraction of an electron charge. Called quasiparticles, these excitations can themselves condense into new liquid states. Each such liquid is characterized by a fractional quantum number that is directly observable in a simple electrical measurement. This article attempts to convey the qualitative essence of this still unfolding phenomenon, known as the fractional quantum Hall effect.
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Abstract
A standard notion of quantum mechanics is that all particles, elementary or composite, must fall into one of two fundamental categories: fermions or bosons. However, it has recently been discovered that there can be quantum particles which are neither fermions nor bosons. Such particles (anyons) can only occur in two spatial dimensions-yet this does not rule out their existence, for they are found as elementary excitations in confined, quasi-two-dimensional condensed-matter systems and may occur in other systems as well. An overview of the argument for the existence of anyons is presented, along with a discussion of their role in condensed-matter physics.
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