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Schmidt M, Irsig R, Duca D, Peltz C, Passig J, Zimmermann R. Laser-Pulse-Length Effects in Ultrafast Laser Desorption. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18776-18782. [PMID: 38086534 PMCID: PMC10753527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Shortening the laser pulse length opens up new opportunities for laser desorption (LD) of molecules, with benefits for mass spectrometry (MS) sampling and ionization. The capability to ablate any material without the need for an absorbing matrix and the decrease of thermal damage and molecular fragmentation has promoted various applications with very different parameters and postionization techniques. However, the key issues of the optimum laser pulse length and intensity to achieve efficient and gentle desorption of molecules for postionization in MS are not resolved, although these parameters determine the costs and complexity of the required laser system. Here, we address this research gap with a systematic study on the effect of the pulse length on the LD of molecules. Keeping all other optical and ionization parameters constant, we directly compared the pulses in the femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond range with respect to LD-induced fragmentation and desorption efficiency. To represent real-world applications, we investigated the LD of over-the-counter medicaments naproxen and ibuprofen directly from tablets as well as the LD of retene and ship emission aerosols from a quartz filter. With our study design, we excluded interfering effects on fragmentation and LD efficiency from, for example, collisional cooling or postionization by performing the experiments in vacuum with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization as the postionization technique. Regarding LD-induced fragmentation, we already found benefits for the picosecond pulses. However, the efficiency of LD was found to continuously increase with decreasing pulse length, pointing to the application potential of ultrashort pulses in trace analytics. Because many interfering effects beyond the LD pulse length could be excluded in the experiment, our results may be directly transferable to the LD applied in other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schmidt
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics (CMA) Cooperation Group, Helmholtz Centre Munich, 81379 Munich, Germany
- Department
Life, Light & Matter, University of
Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Irsig
- Department
Life, Light & Matter, University of
Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Photonion
GmbH, 19061 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Dumitru Duca
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics (CMA) Cooperation Group, Helmholtz Centre Munich, 81379 Munich, Germany
- Department
Life, Light & Matter, University of
Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Peltz
- Institute
for Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Passig
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics (CMA) Cooperation Group, Helmholtz Centre Munich, 81379 Munich, Germany
- Department
Life, Light & Matter, University of
Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics (CMA) Cooperation Group, Helmholtz Centre Munich, 81379 Munich, Germany
- Department
Life, Light & Matter, University of
Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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2
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Ding X, Liu K, Shi Z. LASER DESORPTION/ABLATION POSTIONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:566-605. [PMID: 32770707 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lasers have long been used in the field of mass spectrometric analysis for characterization of condensed matter. However, emission of neutrals upon laser irradiation surpasses the number of ions. Typically, only one in about one million analytes ejected by laser desorption/ablation is ionized, which has fueled the quest for postionization methods enabling ionization of desorbed neutrals to enhance mass spectrometric detection schemes. The development of postionization techniques can be an endeavor that integrates multiple disciplines involving photon energy transfer, electrochemistry, gas discharge, etc. The combination of lasers of different parameters and diverse ion sources has made laser desorption/ablation postionization (LD/API) a growing and lively research community, including two-step laser mass spectrometry, laser ablation atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry, and those coupled to ambient mass spectrometry. These hyphenated techniques have shown potentials in bioanalytical applications, with major inroads to be made in simultaneous location and quantification of pharmaceuticals, toxins, and metabolites in complex biomatrixes. This review is intended to provide a timely comprehensive view of the broadening bioanalytical applications of disparate LD/API techniques. We also have attempted to discuss these applications according to the classifications based on the postionization methods and to encapsulate the latest achievements in the field of LD/API by highlighting some of the very best reports in the 21st century. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Zhenyan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
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3
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Schwermann C, Linden S, Doltsinis NL, Zacharias H. On-Surface Chemistry Induced by Long-Lived Excitons: (NO) 2 Dissociation on C 60. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5490-5496. [PMID: 32584044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state excitonic excitations play an increasingly important role in optoelectronic and light harvesting processes due to their ubiquitous presence in dipolar two-dimensional materials. Here we show that long-lived solid-state excitons induce chemical reactions in adsorbed molecules and thus convert light into chemical energy. For the model system (NO)2 dimer adsorbed on ordered c(4×4) C60 films, time-of-flight measurements following UV laser excitation reveal a slow and a fast dissociative desorption channel, which are assigned to intersystem crossing and internal conversion, respectively, by time-dependent density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwermann
- Institute of Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Steffen Linden
- Institute of Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute of Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Institute of Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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4
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Corson ER, Kas R, Kostecki R, Urban JJ, Smith WA, McCloskey BD, Kortlever R. In Situ ATR-SEIRAS of Carbon Dioxide Reduction at a Plasmonic Silver Cathode. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11750-11762. [PMID: 32469508 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Illumination of a voltage-biased plasmonic Ag cathode during CO2 reduction results in a suppression of the H2 evolution reaction while enhancing CO2 reduction. This effect has been shown to be photonic rather than thermal, but the exact plasmonic mechanism is unknown. Here, we conduct an in situ ATR-SEIRAS (attenuated total reflectance-surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy) study of a sputtered thin film Ag cathode on a Ge ATR crystal in CO2-saturated 0.1 M KHCO3 over a range of potentials under both dark and illuminated (365 nm, 125 mW cm-2) conditions to elucidate the nature of this plasmonic enhancement. We find that the onset potential of CO2 reduction to adsorbed CO on the Ag surface is -0.25 VRHE and is identical in the light and the dark. As the production of gaseous CO is detected in the light near this onset potential but is not observed in the dark until -0.5 VRHE, we conclude that the light must be assisting the desorption of CO from the surface. Furthermore, the HCO3- wavenumber and peak area increase immediately upon illumination, precluding a thermal effect. We propose that the enhanced local electric field that results from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is strengthening the HCO3- bond, further increasing the local pH. This would account for the decrease in H2 formation and increase the CO2 reduction products in the light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Corson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Recep Kas
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wilson A Smith
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bryan D McCloskey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ruud Kortlever
- Department of Process & Energy, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime & Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
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5
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Christopher P, Moskovits M. Hot Charge Carrier Transmission from Plasmonic Nanostructures. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2017; 68:379-398. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052516-044948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Christopher
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Martin Moskovits
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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6
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Hong SY, Xu P, Camillone NR, White MG, Camillone N. Adlayer structure dependent ultrafast desorption dynamics in carbon monoxide adsorbed on Pd (111). J Chem Phys 2017; 145:014704. [PMID: 27394118 DOI: 10.1063/1.4954408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report our ultrafast photoinduced desorption investigation of the coverage dependence of substrate-adsorbate energy transfer in carbon monoxide adlayers on the (111) surface of palladium. As the CO coverage is increased, the adsorption site population shifts from all threefold hollows (up to 0.33 ML), to bridge and near bridge (>0.5 to 0.6 ML) and finally to mixed threefold hollow plus top site (at saturation at 0.75 ML). We show that between 0.24 and 0.75 ML this progression of binding site motifs is accompanied by two remarkable features in the ultrafast photoinduced desorption of the adsorbates: (i) the desorption probability increases roughly two orders magnitude, and (ii) the adsorbate-substrate energy transfer rate observed in two-pulse correlation experiments varies nonmonotonically, having a minimum at intermediate coverages. Simulations using a phenomenological model to describe the adsorbate-substrate energy transfer in terms of frictional coupling indicate that these features are consistent with an adsorption-site dependent electron-mediated energy coupling strength, ηel, that decreases with binding site in the order: three-fold hollow > bridge and near bridge > top site. This weakening of ηel largely counterbalances the decrease in the desorption activation energy that accompanies this progression of adsorption site motifs, moderating what would otherwise be a rise of several orders of magnitude in the desorption probability. Within this framework, the observed energy transfer rate enhancement at saturation coverage is due to interadsorbate energy transfer from the copopulation of molecules bound in three-fold hollows to their top-site neighbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Young Hong
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Nina R Camillone
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Michael G White
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Nicholas Camillone
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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7
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Inoue KI, Watanabe K, Sugimoto T, Matsumoto Y, Yasuike T. Disentangling Multidimensional Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Adsorbates: CO Desorption from Cu(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:186101. [PMID: 27834990 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.186101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hot carriers at metal surfaces can drive nonthermal reactions of adsorbates. Characterizing nonequilibrium statistics among various degrees of freedom in an ultrafast time scale is crucial to understand and develop hot carrier-driven chemistry. Here we demonstrate multidimensional vibrational dynamics of carbon monoxide (CO) on Cu(100) along hot-carrier induced desorption studied by using time-resolved vibrational sum-frequency generation with phase-sensitive detection. Instantaneous frequency and amplitude of the CO internal stretching mode are tracked with a subpicosecond time resolution that is shorter than the vibrational dephasing time. These experimental results in combination with numerical analysis based on Langevin simulations enable us to extract nonequilibrium distributions of external vibrational modes of desorbing molecules. Superstatistical distributions are generated with mode-dependent frictional couplings in a few hundred femtoseconds after hot-electron excitation, and energy flow from hot electrons and intermode anharmonic coupling play crucial roles in the subsequent evolution of the non-Boltzman distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yasuike
- Department of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba 261-8586, Japan
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8
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Butorac J, Wilson EL, Fielding HH, Brown WA, Minns RS. A RAIRS, TPD and femtosecond laser-induced desorption study of CO, NO and coadsorbed CO + NO on Pd(111). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13722a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe novel RAIRS, TPD and LID studies of CO, NO and coadsorbed CO and NO on Pd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma L. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | | | - Wendy A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Division of Chemistry
| | - Russell S. Minns
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Chemistry
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9
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Linic S, Aslam U, Boerigter C, Morabito M. Photochemical transformations on plasmonic metal nanoparticles. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:567-76. [PMID: 25990912 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 723] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The strong interaction of electromagnetic fields with plasmonic nanomaterials offers opportunities in various technologies that take advantage of photophysical processes amplified by this light-matter interaction. Recently, it has been shown that in addition to photophysical processes, optically excited plasmonic nanoparticles can also activate chemical transformations directly on their surfaces. This potentially offers a number of opportunities in the field of selective chemical synthesis. In this Review we summarize recent progress in the field of photochemical catalysis on plasmonic metallic nanostructures. We discuss the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the observed chemical activity, and the issues that must be better understood to see progress in the field of plasmon-mediated photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suljo Linic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Umar Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Calvin Boerigter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Morabito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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10
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Öström H, Öberg H, Xin H, LaRue J, Beye M, Dell’Angela M, Gladh J, Ng ML, Sellberg JA, Kaya S, Mercurio G, Nordlund D, Hantschmann M, Hieke F, Kühn D, Schlotter WF, Dakovski GL, Turner JJ, Minitti MP, Mitra A, Moeller SP, Föhlisch A, Wolf M, Wurth W, Persson M, Nørskov JK, Abild-Pedersen F, Ogasawara H, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. Probing the transition state region in catalytic CO oxidation on Ru. Science 2015; 347:978-82. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1261747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Newns DM, Heinz TF, Misewich JA. Desorption by Femtosecond Laser Pulses: An Electron-Hole Effect? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1143/ptp.106.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Gadzuk JW. The road to hot electron photochemistry at surfaces: A personal recollection. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:091703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4746800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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13
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Menzel D. Electronically induced surface reactions: Evolution, concepts, and perspectives. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:091702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4746799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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14
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Inoue KI, Watanabe K, Matsumoto Y. Instantaneous vibrational frequencies of diffusing and desorbing adsorbates: CO/Pt(111). J Chem Phys 2012; 137:024704. [PMID: 22803555 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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15
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Nuernberger P, Wolpert D, Weiss H, Gerber G. Initiation and control of catalytic surface reactions with shaped femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:1185-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Shenvi N, Tully JC. Nonadiabatic dynamics at metal surfaces: Independent electron surface hopping with phonon and electron thermostats. Faraday Discuss 2012; 157:325-35; discussion 375-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Freund HJ, Meijer G, Scheffler M, Schlögl R, Wolf M. CO Oxidation as a Prototypical Reaction for Heterogeneous Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10064-94. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Freund HJ, Meijer G, Scheffler M, Schlögl R, Wolf M. Die CO-Oxidation als Modellreaktion für heterogene Prozesse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Siemer B, Hoger T, Rutkowski M, Düsterer S, Zacharias H. XUV free-electron laser desorption of NO from graphite (0001). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7356-61. [PMID: 21591715 DOI: 10.1021/jp2011793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report results of femtosecond laser induced desorption of NO from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite using XUV photon energies of hν = 38 eV and hν = 57 eV. Femtosecond pulses with a pulse energy of up to 40 μJ and about 30 fs duration generated at FLASH are applied. The desorbed molecules are detected with rovibrational state selectivity by (1 + 1) REMPI in the A(2)Σ(+) ← X(2)Π γ-bands around λ = 226 nm. A nonlinear desorption yield of neutral NO is observed with an exponent of m = 1.4 ± 0.2. At a fluence of about 4 mJ/cm(2) a desorption cross section of σ(1) = (1.1 ± 0.4) × 10(-17) cm(2) is observed, accompanied with a lower one of σ(2) = (2.6 ± 0.3) × 10(-19) cm(2) observable at higher total fluence. A nonthermal rovibrational population distribution is observed with an average rotational energy of <E(rot)> = 38.6 meV (311 cm(-1)), a vibrational energy of <E(vib)> = 136 meV (1097 cm(-1)) and an electronic energy of <E(el)> = 3.9 meV (31 cm(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Siemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm Klemm Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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20
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Watanabe K, Matsumoto Y, Yasuike T, Nobusada K. Adsorbate-Localized versus Substrate-Mediated Excitation Mechanisms for Generation of Coherent Cs–Cu Stretching Vibration at Cu(111). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9528-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp112307k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yasuike
- Institute for Molecular Science and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Nobusada
- Institute for Molecular Science and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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21
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Christopher P, Xin H, Linic S. Visible-light-enhanced catalytic oxidation reactions on plasmonic silver nanostructures. Nat Chem 2011; 3:467-72. [PMID: 21602862 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 970] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis plays a critical role in chemical conversion, energy production and pollution mitigation. High activation barriers associated with rate-limiting elementary steps require most commercial heterogeneous catalytic reactions to be run at relatively high temperatures, which compromises energy efficiency and the long-term stability of the catalyst. Here we show that plasmonic nanostructures of silver can concurrently use low-intensity visible light (on the order of solar intensity) and thermal energy to drive catalytic oxidation reactions--such as ethylene epoxidation, CO oxidation, and NH₃ oxidation--at lower temperatures than their conventional counterparts that use only thermal stimulus. Based on kinetic isotope experiments and density functional calculations, we postulate that excited plasmons on the silver surface act to populate O₂ antibonding orbitals and so form a transient negative-ion state, which thereby facilitates the rate-limiting O₂-dissociation reaction. The results could assist the design of catalytic processes that are more energy efficient and robust than current processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Christopher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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22
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Olsen T, Schiotz J. Quantum corrected Langevin dynamics for adsorbates on metal surfaces interacting with hot electrons. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:034115. [PMID: 20649316 DOI: 10.1063/1.3457947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the importance of including quantized initial conditions in Langevin dynamics for adsorbates interacting with a thermal reservoir of electrons. For quadratic potentials the time evolution is exactly described by a classical Langevin equation and it is shown how to rigorously obtain quantum mechanical probabilities from the classical phase space distributions resulting from the dynamics. At short time scales, classical and quasiclassical initial conditions lead to wrong results and only correctly quantized initial conditions give a close agreement with an inherently quantum mechanical master equation approach. With CO on Cu(100) as an example, we demonstrate the effect for a system with ab initio frictional tensor and potential energy surfaces and show that quantizing the initial conditions can have a large impact on both the desorption probability and the distribution of molecular vibrational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Danish National Research Foundation's Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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23
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Abstract
Ultrafast lasers are versatile tools used in many scientific areas, from welding to eye surgery. They are also used to coherently manipulate light-matter interactions such as chemical reactions, but so far control experiments have concentrated on cleavage or rearrangement of existing molecular bonds. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of several molecular species starting from small reactant molecules in laser-induced catalytic surface reactions, and even the increase of the relative reaction efficiency by feedback-optimized laser pulses. We show that the control mechanism is nontrivial and sensitive to the relative proportion of the reactants. The control experiments open up a pathway towards photocatalysis and are relevant for research in physics, chemistry, and biology where light-induced bond formation is important.
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Olsen T, Schiøtz J. Origin of power laws for reactions at metal surfaces mediated by hot electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:238301. [PMID: 20366180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.238301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of experiments have established that certain chemical reactions at metal surfaces can be driven by multiple hot-electron-mediated excitations of adsorbates. A high transient density of hot electrons is obtained by means of femtosecond laser pulses and a characteristic feature of such experiments is the emergence of a power law dependence of the reaction yield on the laser fluence Y approximately F(n). We propose a model of multiple inelastic scattering by hot electrons which reproduces this power law and the observed exponents of several experiments. All parameters are calculated within density functional theory and the delta self-consistent field method. With a simplifying assumption, the power law becomes exact and we obtain a simple physical interpretation of the exponent n, which represents the number of adsorbate vibrational states participating in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Danish National Research Foundation's Center of Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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25
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Brady JJ, Judge EJ, Levis RJ. Mass spectrometry of intact neutral macromolecules using intense non-resonant femtosecond laser vaporization with electrospray post-ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3151-3157. [PMID: 19714710 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intact, nonvolatile, biological macromolecules can be transferred directly from the solid state into the gas phase, in ambient air, for subsequent mass spectral analysis using non-resonant femtosecond (fs) laser desorption combined with electrospray ionization (ESI). Mass spectral measurements for neat samples, including a dipeptide, protoporphyrin IX and vitamin B12 adsorbed on a glass insulating surface, were obtained using an 800 nm, 70 fs laser with an intensity of 10(13) W cm(-2). No appreciable signal was detected when atmospheric matrix-assisted or neat (matrix-free) fs laser desorption was performed without ESI, indicating neutral desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Brady
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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26
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Wang Z, Cahill DG, Carter JA, Koh YK, Lagutchev A, Seong NH, Dlott DD. Ultrafast dynamics of heat flow across molecules. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Szymanski P, Harris AL, Camillone N. Temperature-dependent femtosecond photoinduced desorption in CO/Pd(111). J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12524-33. [PMID: 17975899 DOI: 10.1021/jp075923w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The desorption of CO from a Pd(111) surface following absorption of 120 fs pulses of 780 nm light occurs on two distinct and well-separated time scales. Two-pulse correlation measurements show a fast subpicosecond decay followed by a slower, approximately 40 ps decay. Simulations based on the two-temperature model of electron and phonon heat baths within the substrate, and an empirical friction model to treat coupling to the adsorbate, support the assignment of the desorption mechanism as an electron-mediated process. The photodesorption yield and overall width of the temporal response exhibit a marked dependence on the initial surface temperature in the 100-375 K range despite the much higher transient electronic temperatures (approximately 7000 K) achieved. The observed temperature dependences can be attributed directly to variations in the initial temperature within the frictional coupling picture. Simulations of this extended data set imply that the activation barrier to photoinduced desorption is equal in magnitude to that derived from thermal desorption experiments for this system within the limits of a one-dimensional Arrhenius desorption model. The simulations also imply that the slower decay is not the result of phonon-driven desorption. Though we cannot unambiguously determine the strength of the adsorbate-phonon coupling, our results suggest that its role is to moderate the degree of the adsorbate excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Szymanski
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
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28
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Garduño-Mejía J, Higlett MP, Meech SR. Modelling the influence of nonthermal electron dynamics in thin and ultrathin gold films. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Buchachenko AL. Chemistry on the border of two centuries — achievements and prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1999v068n02abeh000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Szymanski P, Harris AL, Camillone N. Adsorption-state-dependent subpicosecond photoinduced desorption dynamics. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:214709. [PMID: 17567215 DOI: 10.1063/1.2735594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond laser excitation has been used to initiate desorption of molecular oxygen from the (111) surface of Pd and to study the adsorption-state dependence of the substrate-adsorbate coupling. The relative populations of the two chemical states, peroxo (O2(2-)) and superoxo (O2-), were varied by changing the total coverage. Two-pulse correlation measurements exhibit a dominant 400 fs response and a slower 10 ps decay that are relatively independent of the initial O2 coverage. In contrast, the photodesorption yield and the nonlinearity of the fluence dependence show a systematic coverage dependence. The coverage-independent subpicosecond response indicates that the photoinduced desorption from the two states is driven primarily by the same electron-mediated mechanism, while the coverage dependence of the yield indicates that the desorption efficiency from the superoxo state is greater than that from the peroxo state. These results are discussed in the context of the electron-phonon two-temperature model with an empirical adsorbate-electron frictional coupling that depends on both the electronic temperature and the activation energy for desorption. With a coupling strength that decreases as the activation energy decreases, the trends with varying coverage, absorbed fluence, and time delay can all be reproduced. The model is consistent with a transition from a resonantly enhanced (diabatic) regime to an adiabatic regime as the system relaxes, accounting for the biexponential correlation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Szymanski
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000
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31
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Frischkorn C, Wolf M. Femtochemistry at metal surfaces: nonadiabatic reaction dynamics. Chem Rev 2007; 106:4207-33. [PMID: 17031984 DOI: 10.1021/cr050161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Frischkorn
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Mehlhorn M, Gawronski H, Nedelmann L, Grujic A, Morgenstern K. An instrument to investigate femtochemistry on metal surfaces in real space. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:033905. [PMID: 17411193 DOI: 10.1063/1.2432244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A newly established combination of a femtosecond laser with a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope is described, which facilitates one to analyze femtochemistry on metal surfaces in real space. The combined instrument enables focusing the laser to some tens of micrometers and guiding it reproducibly into the tunneling gap with the aid of in situ movable mirrors. Furthermore, a method to determine the focus size on the sample is presented. The focus size is used to calculate the electron and phonon temperatures at the surface. Despite the additional noise introduced by laser operation the vertical resolution of the microscope lies below 1 pm. The potential of the instrument is demonstrated on para-chloronitrobenzene clusters adsorbed on Au(111). Single chloronitrobenzene molecules diffuse upon femtosecond laser irradiation; some smaller clusters rotate by multiples of 30 degrees ; clusters of less compact form rearrange to close-packed clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mehlhorn
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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33
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Saalfrank P. Quantum Dynamical Approach to Ultrafast Molecular Desorption from Surfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4116-59. [PMID: 17031982 DOI: 10.1021/cr0501691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Saalfrank
- Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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34
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Osgood R. Photoreaction Dynamics of Molecular Adsorbates on Semiconductor and Oxide Surfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4379-401. [PMID: 17031991 DOI: 10.1021/cr050175x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Osgood
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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35
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Menzel D. Electronically induced surface chemistry: localised bond breakingversus delocalisation. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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36
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Stépán K, Güdde J, Höfer U. Time-resolved measurement of surface diffusion induced by femtosecond laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:236103. [PMID: 16090486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.236103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion of atomic oxygen on a vicinal Pt111 surface induced by femtosecond laser pulses has been studied using optical second-harmonic generation as a sensitive in situ probe of the step coverage. Time-resolved studies of the hopping rate for step-terrace diffusion with a two-pulse correlation scheme reveal a time constant of 1.5 ps for the energy transfer from the electronic excitation of the substrate to the frustrated translations of the adsorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stépán
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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37
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Bartels L, Wang F, Möller D, Knoesel E, Heinz TF. Real-Space Observation of Molecular Motion Induced by Femtosecond Laser Pulses. Science 2004; 305:648-51. [PMID: 15218095 DOI: 10.1126/science.1099770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser irradiation is used to excite adsorbed CO molecules on a Cu110 surface; the ensuing motion of individual molecules across the surface is characterized on a site-to-site basis by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. Adsorbate motion both along and perpendicular to the rows of the Cu110 surface occurs readily, in marked contrast to the behavior seen for equilibrium diffusion processes. The experimental findings for the probability and direction of the molecular motion can be understood as a manifestation of strong coupling between the adsorbates' lateral degrees of freedom and the substrate electronic excitation produced by the femtosecond laser radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Bartels
- Pierce Hall, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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38
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Watanabe K, Takagi N, Matsumoto Y. Direct time-domain observation of ultrafast dephasing in adsorbate-substrate vibration under the influence of a hot electron bath: Cs adatoms on Pt(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:057401. [PMID: 14995340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.057401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The stretching vibration of Cs adsorbed on Pt(111) is excited coherently by resonant stimulated Raman excitation and its time evolution is probed by fs time-resolved second harmonic generation as a function of pump laser fluence I. As I increases, a fast dephasing component with the lifetime of tau=0.7 ps grows, being superimposed on a slow one with tau=1.9 ps. The fast component is a manifestation of pure dephasing caused by elastic and inelastic scattering of hot electrons at adsorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Watanabe
- Department of Photoscience, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
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39
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Pascual JI, Lorente N, Song Z, Conrad H, Rust HP. Selectivity in vibrationally mediated single-molecule chemistry. Nature 2003; 423:525-8. [PMID: 12774118 DOI: 10.1038/nature01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2002] [Accepted: 04/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The selective excitation of molecular vibrations provides a means to directly influence the speed and outcome of chemical reactions. Such mode-selective chemistry has traditionally used laser pulses to prepare reactants in specific vibrational states to enhance reactivity or modify the distribution of product species. Inelastic tunnelling electrons may also excite molecular vibrations and have been used to that effect on adsorbed molecules, to cleave individual chemical bonds and induce molecular motion or dissociation. Here we demonstrate that inelastic tunnelling electrons can be tuned to induce selectively either the translation or desorption of individual ammonia molecules on a Cu(100) surface. We are able to select a particular reaction pathway by adjusting the electronic tunnelling current and energy during the reaction induction such that we activate either the stretching vibration of ammonia or the inversion of its pyramidal structure. Our results illustrate the ability of the scanning tunnelling microscope to probe single-molecule events in the limit of very low yield and very low power irradiation, which should allow the investigation of reaction pathways not readily amenable to study by more conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Pascual
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14194 Berlin, Germany.
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40
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Andrianov I, Saalfrank P. Performance of higher order Monte Carlo wave packet methods for surface science problems: A test for photoinduced desorption. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Kim Y, Komeda T, Kawai M. Single-molecule reaction and characterization by vibrational excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:126104. [PMID: 12225106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.126104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Controlled chemical reaction of single trans-2-butene molecules on the Pd(110) surface was realized by dosing tunneling electrons from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope at 4.7 K. The reaction product was identified as a 1,3-butadiene molecule by inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy. Threshold voltage for the reaction is approximately 365 mV, which coincides with the vibrational excitation of the C-H stretching mode. The reaction was ascertained to be caused by C-H bond dissociation by multiple vibrational excitations of the C-H stretching mode via inelastic electron tunneling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousoo Kim
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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42
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Nest M, Saalfrank P. Open-system density matrix description of femtosecond laser desorption of electronically and vibrationally relaxing adsorbates: Single- and two-pulse scenarios. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1462608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Cai L, Xiao X, Loy MMT. Desorption of polyatomic molecules from the Pt(111) surface by femtosecond laser radiation. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1413989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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44
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Hess WP, Joly AG, Gerrity DP, Beck KM, Sushko PV, Shluger AL. Selective laser desorption of ionic surfaces: Resonant surface excitation of KBr. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1410907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Abstract
Theoretical aspects of dynamical processes at metal surfaces are reviewed. Experimental challenges to theory are presented and progress toward meeting these challenges is appraised. Topics include adsorbate vibrational energy flow, inelastic molecule-surface scattering, adsorption, transient mobility, dissociation, desorption, photochemistry, and electron-induced chemistry at metal surfaces. Experimental examples cited illustrate the richness of dynamical phenomena to be understood and the necessity of developing multidimensional, beyond Born-Oppenheimer, formulations of adsorbate dynamics. Classical mechanical and quantum mechanical treatments of dynamics are contrasted. The importance of including phonon and electron-hole pair dissipation in theories of adsorbate dynamics is emphasized, and strategies for doing this in classical and quantum treatments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Tully
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
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46
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Funk S, Bonn M, Denzler DN, Hess C, Wolf M, Ertl G. Desorption of CO from Ru(001) induced by near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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47
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Arnolds H, Rehbein C, Roberts G, Levis RJ, King DA. Femtosecond Near-Infrared Laser Desorption of Multilayer Benzene on Pt{111}: A Molecular Newton's Cradle? J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993688e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Arnolds
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Christian Rehbein
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Gareth Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Robert J. Levis
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - David A. King
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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48
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Chang YM, Xu L, Tom HW. Coherent phonon spectroscopy of GaAs surfaces using time-resolved second-harmonic generation. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Saalfrank P, Boendgen G, Finger K, Pesce L. Photodesorption of NO from a metal surface: quantum dynamical implications of a two-mode model. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Gadzuk J. Hot-electron femtochemistry at surfaces: on the role of multiple electron processes in desorption. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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