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Dietary Risk Factors and Eating Behaviors in Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810814. [PMID: 36142725 PMCID: PMC9504787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary risk factors play a fundamental role in the prevention and progression of atherosclerosis and PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease). The impact of nutrition, however, defined as the process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism and repair, remains undefined with regard to PAD. This article describes the interplay between nutrition and the development/progression of PAD. We reviewed 688 articles, including key articles, narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical studies. We analyzed the interaction between nutrition and PAD predictors, and subsequently created four descriptive tables to summarize the relationship between PAD, dietary risk factors and outcomes. We comprehensively reviewed the role of well-studied diets (Mediterranean, vegetarian/vegan, low-carbohydrate ketogenic and intermittent fasting diet) and prevalent eating behaviors (emotional and binge eating, night eating and sleeping disorders, anorexia, bulimia, skipping meals, home cooking and fast/ultra-processed food consumption) on the traditional risk factors of PAD. Moreover, we analyzed the interplay between PAD and nutritional status, nutrients, dietary patterns and eating habits. Dietary patterns and eating disorders affect the development and progression of PAD, as well as its disabling complications including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE). Nutrition and dietary risk factor modification are important targets to reduce the risk of PAD as well as the subsequent development of MACE and MALE.
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Intermittent Fasting in Cardiovascular Disorders-An Overview. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030673. [PMID: 30897855 PMCID: PMC6471315 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting is a form of time restricted eating (typically 16 h fasting and 8 h eating), which has gained popularity in recent years and shows promise as a possible new paradigm in the approach to weight loss and the reduction of inflammation, and has many potential long term health benefits. In this review, the authors will incorporate many aspects of fasting, mainly focusing on its effects on the cardiovascular system, involving atherosclerosis progression, benefits for diabetes mellitus type 2, lowering of blood pressure, and exploring other cardiovascular risk factors (such as lipid profile and inflammation).
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Bhutani S, Klempel MC, Berger RA, Varady KA. Improvements in coronary heart disease risk indicators by alternate-day fasting involve adipose tissue modulations. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:2152-9. [PMID: 20300080 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of alternate-day fasting (ADF) to modulate adipocyte parameters in a way that is protective against coronary heart disease (CHD) has yet to be tested. Accordingly, we examined the effects of ADF on adipokine profile, body composition, and CHD risk indicators in obese adults. Sixteen obese subjects (12 women/4 men) participated in a 10-week trial with three consecutive dietary intervention phases: (i) 2-week baseline control phase, (ii) 4-week ADF controlled feeding phase, and (iii) 4-week ADF self-selected feeding phase. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight and waist circumference were reduced (P < 0.05) by 5.7 ± 0.9 kg, and 4.0 ± 0.9 cm, respectively. Fat mass decreased (P < 0.05) by 5.4 ± 0.8 kg, whereas fat-free mass did not change. Plasma adiponectin was augmented (P < 0.05) by 30% from baseline. Leptin and resistin concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) by 21 and 23%, respectively, post treatment. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerol concentrations were 25% and 32% lower (P < 0.05), respectively, after 8 weeks of ADF. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), C-reactive protein, and homocysteine concentrations did not change. Decreases in LDL-C were related to increased adiponectin (r = -0.61, P = 0.01) and reduced waist circumference (r = 0.39, P = 0.04). Lower triacylglycerol concentrations were associated with augmented adiponectin (r = -0.39, P = 0.04) and reduced leptin concentrations (r = 0.45, P = 0.03) post-treatment. These findings suggest that adipose tissue parameters may play an important role in mediating the cardioprotective effects of ADF in obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Bhutani
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Sushkov OP. Energy-Averaged Parity Nonconserving Effect in Neutron Scattering from Heavy Nuclei. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:5024-5026. [PMID: 10062695 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Szymanski JJ, Snow WM, Bowman JD, Cain B, Crawford BE, Delheij PP, Hartman RD, Haseyama T, Keith CD, Knudson JN, Komives A, Leuschner M, Lowie LY, Masaike A, Matsuda Y, Mitchell GE, Penttilä SI, Postma H, Rich D, Roberson NR, Seestrom SJ, Sharapov EI, Stephenson SL, Yen YF, Yuan VW. Observation of a large parity nonconserving analyzing power in Xe. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1996; 53:R2576-R2580. [PMID: 9971310 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.r2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Postma H, Gunsing F, Corvi F. Improved analysis of parity violation at neutron p-wave resonances of 238U based on resonance spin assignments. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1996; 53:R558-R562. [PMID: 9971039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.r558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bowman JD, Lowie LY, Mitchell GE, Sharapov EI, Yen YF. Analysis of parity violation in neutron resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1996; 53:285-296. [PMID: 9970938 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Flambaum VV, Vorov OK. Effects of T- and P-odd weak nucleon interaction in nuclei: Renormalizations due to residual strong interaction, matrix elements between compound states and their correlations with P-violating matrix elements. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 51:2914-2922. [PMID: 9970392 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Auerbach N, Bowman JD, Spevak V. Nearby Doorway States, Parity Doublets, and Parity Mixing in Compound Nuclear States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:2638-2641. [PMID: 10057980 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Flambaum VV, Vorov OK. Induced parity nonconserving interaction and enhancement of two-nucleon parity nonconserving forces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 51:1521-1527. [PMID: 9970205 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Johnson MB, Bowman JD. Microscopic, model-space approach to parity nonconservation in compound nuclei. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 51:999-1013. [PMID: 9970142 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Flambaum VV, Gribakin GF. Random-sign observables nonvanishing upon averaging: Enhancement of weak perturbations and parity nonconservation in compound nuclei. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 50:3122-3134. [PMID: 9970015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Davis ED. Constraint on time-reversal tests in fully chaotic nuclear systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 50:2236-2239. [PMID: 9969905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Auerbach N, Spevak V. Theory of parity violation in compound nuclear states: One particle aspects. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 50:1456-1470. [PMID: 9969807 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Szymanski JJ, Bowman JD, Leuschner M, Brown BA, Girit IC. Is there large weak mixing in heavy nuclei? PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 49:3297-3300. [PMID: 9969610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Frankle CM, Bowman JD, Crawford BE, Delheij PP, Gould CR, Haase DG, Knudson JN, Mitchell GE, Patterson SS, Penttilä SI, Popov YP, Roberson NR, Seestrom SJ, Sharapov EI, Yen YF, Yoo SH, Yuan VW, Zhu X. Neutron resonance spectroscopy of 113In and 115In. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1993; 48:1601-1608. [PMID: 9969001 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bowman JD, Delheij PP, Frankle CM, Gould CR, Haase DG, Knudson JN, Mitchell GE, Penttilä S, Postma H, Roberson NR, Seestrom SJ, Szymanski JJ, Yeh JJ, Yoo SH, Yuan VW, Zhu X. Experimental limit on parity violation in nonresonant neutron-nucleus scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1993; 48:1116-1119. [PMID: 9968943 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Conzett HE. Null tests of time-reversal invariance. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1993; 48:423-428. [PMID: 9968836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Flambaum VV, Vorov OK. Matrix elements between nuclear compound states and dynamical enhancement of the weak interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:4051-4054. [PMID: 10054034 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Carlson BV, Hussein MS. Perturbative treatment of parity nonconservation in neutron-nucleus scattering within the optical model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1993; 47:376-386. [PMID: 9968446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.47.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Auerbach N, Bowman JD. Doorway state approximation and sign correlations in parity nonconservation in compound neutron resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 46:2582-2586. [PMID: 9968388 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Frankle CM, Bowman JD, Bush JE, Delheij PP, Gould CR, Haase DG, Knudson JN, Mitchell GE, Penttilä S, Postma H, Roberson NR, Seestrom SJ, Szymanski JJ, Yuan VW, Zhu X. Parity nonconservation for the 0.88-eV neutron resonance in 81Br. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 46:1542-1545. [PMID: 9968265 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Koonin SE, Johnson CW, Vogel P. Optical model description of parity-nonconserving neutron resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:1163-1166. [PMID: 10047143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Frankle CM, Bowman JD, Bush JE, Delheij PP, Gould CR, Haase DG, Knudson JN, Mitchell GE, Penttilä S, Postma H, Roberson NR, Seestrom SJ, Szymanski JJ, Yoo SH, Yuan VW, Zhu X. Parity nonconservation for neutron resonances in 232Th. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 46:778-787. [PMID: 9968176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Zhu X, Bowman JD, Bowman CD, Bush JE, Delheij PP, Frankle CM, Gould CR, Haase DG, Knudson JN, Mitchell GE, Penttilä S, Postma H, Roberson NR, Seestrom SJ, Szymanski JJ, Yuan VW. Parity nonconservation for neutron resonances in 238U. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 46:768-777. [PMID: 9968175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Müller A, Harney HL. Parity violation in neutron statistical scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 45:1955-1981. [PMID: 9967949 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bowman JD, Garvey GT, Gould CR, Hayes AC, Johnson MB. Parity violation in the compound nucleus: The role of distant states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:780-783. [PMID: 10045991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Auerbach N. One-body, collective contributions to parity mixing in compound nuclear states. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 45:R514-R517. [PMID: 9967836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.r514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Flambaum VV. Regular mechanism of parity and time invariance nonconserving effects enhancement in neutron capture and scattering near p-wave compound resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 45:437-447. [PMID: 9967773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Yuan VW, Bowman CD, Bowman JD, Bush JE, Delheij PP, Frankle CM, Gould CR, Haase DG, Knudson JN, Mitchell GE, Penttilä S, Postma H, Roberson NR, Seestrom SJ, Szymanski JJ, Zhu X. Parity nonconservation in polarized-neutron transmission through 139La. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1991; 44:2187-2194. [PMID: 9967639 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.44.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Frankle CM, Bowman JD, Bush JE, Delheij PP, Gould CR, Haase DG, Knudson JN, Mitchell GE, Penttilä S, Postma H, Roberson NR, Seestrom SJ, Szymanski JJ, Yoo SH, Yuan VW, Zhu X. Sign correlations and parity nonconservation for neutron resonances in 232Th. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:564-567. [PMID: 10044930 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Johnson MB, Bowman JD, Yoo SH. Theory of parity nonconservation in compound-nuclear states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:310-313. [PMID: 10044856 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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