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Wang RP, Liu B, Green RJ, Delgado-Jaime MU, Ghiasi M, Schmitt T, van Schooneveld MM, de Groot FMF. Charge-Transfer Analysis of 2p3d Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of Cobalt Sulfide and Halides. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:24919-24928. [PMID: 29170686 PMCID: PMC5694969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We show that with 2p3d resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) we can accurately determine the charge-transfer parameters of CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, and CoS. The 160 meV resolution RIXS results are compared with charge-transfer multiplet calculations. The improved resolution and the direct observation of the crystal field and charge-transfer excitations allow the determination of more accurate parameters than could be derived from X-ray absorption and X-ray photoemission, both limited in resolution by their lifetime broadening. We derive the crystal field and charge-transfer parameters of the Co2+ ions, which provides the nature of the ground state of the Co2+ ions with respect to symmetry and hybridization. In addition, the increased spectral resolution allows the more accurate determination of the atomic Slater integrals. The results show that the crystal field energy decreases with increasing ligand covalency. The L2 edge RIXS spectra show that the intensity of the (Coster-Kronig induced) nonresonant X-ray emission is a measure of ligand covalency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Pan Wang
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Boyang Liu
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Green
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
British Columbia, V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mario Ulises Delgado-Jaime
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mahnaz Ghiasi
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Schmitt
- Paul
Scherrer Institut, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen
PSI, Switzerland
| | - Matti M. van Schooneveld
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Tel: (+31) 302537400
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Tel: (+31) 302537400
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Antiferromagnetic proximity effect in epitaxial CoO/NiO/MgO(001) systems. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22355. [PMID: 26932164 PMCID: PMC4773757 DOI: 10.1038/srep22355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic proximity effect between two magnetic layers is an important focus of research for discovering new physical properties of magnetic systems. Antiferromagnets (AFMs) are fundamental systems with magnetic ordering and promising candidate materials in the emerging field of antiferromagnetic spintronics. However, the magnetic proximity effect between antiferromagnetic bilayers is rarely studied because detecting the spin orientation of AFMs is challenging. Using X-ray linear dichroism and magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements, we investigated antiferromagnetic proximity effects in epitaxial CoO/NiO/MgO(001) systems. We found the antiferromagnetic spin of the NiO underwent a spin reorientation transition from in-plane to out-of-plane with increasing NiO thickness, with the existence of vertical exchange spring spin alignment in thick NiO. More interestingly, the Néel temperature of the CoO layer was greatly enhanced by the adjacent NiO layer, with the extent of the enhancement closely dependent on the spin orientation of NiO layer. This phenomenon was attributed to different exchange coupling strengths at the AFM/AFM interface depending on the relative spin directions. Our results indicate a new route for modifying the spin configuration and ordering temperature of AFMs through the magnetic proximity effect near room temperature, which should further benefit the design of AFM spintronic devices.
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Kirby BJ, Belliveau HF, Belyea DD, Kienzle PA, Grutter AJ, Riego P, Berger A, Miller CW. Spatial Evolution of the Ferromagnetic Phase Transition in an Exchange Graded Film. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:047203. [PMID: 26871355 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.047203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A combination of experiments and numerical modeling was used to study the spatial evolution of the ferromagnetic phase transition in a thin film engineered to have a smooth gradient in exchange strength. Mean-field simulations predict, and experiments confirm, that a 100 nm Ni_{x}Cu_{1-x} alloy film with Ni concentration that varies by 9% as a function of depth behaves predominantly as if composed of a continuum of uncoupled ferromagnetic layers with continuously varying Curie temperatures. A mobile boundary separating ordered and disordered regions emerges as the temperature is increased. We demonstrate continuous control of the boundary position with temperature, and reversible control of the magnetization on both sides of the boundary with the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kirby
- Center for Neutron Research, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - H F Belliveau
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - D D Belyea
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - P A Kienzle
- Center for Neutron Research, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - A J Grutter
- Center for Neutron Research, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - P Riego
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - A Berger
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Casey W Miller
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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De Toro JA, Marques DP, Muñiz P, Skumryev V, Sort J, Givord D, Nogués J. High Temperature Magnetic Stabilization of Cobalt Nanoparticles by an Antiferromagnetic Proximity Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:057201. [PMID: 26274435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.057201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thermal activation tends to destroy the magnetic stability of small magnetic nanoparticles, with crucial implications for ultrahigh density recording among other applications. Here we demonstrate that low-blocking-temperature ferromagnetic (FM) Co nanoparticles (T(B)<70 K) become magnetically stable above 400 K when embedded in a high-Néel-temperature antiferromagnetic (AFM) NiO matrix. The origin of this remarkable T(B) enhancement is due to a magnetic proximity effect between a thin CoO shell (with low Néel temperature, T(N), and high anisotropy, K(AFM)) surrounding the Co nanoparticles and the NiO matrix (with high T(N) but low K(AFM)). This proximity effect yields an effective antiferromagnet with an apparent T(N) beyond that of bulk CoO, and an enhanced anisotropy compared to NiO. In turn, the Co core FM moment is stabilized against thermal fluctuations via core-shell exchange-bias coupling, leading to the observed T(B) increase. Mean-field calculations provide a semiquantitative understanding of this magnetic-proximity stabilization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A De Toro
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Daniel P Marques
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Muñiz
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Vassil Skumryev
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominique Givord
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brasil
| | - Josep Nogués
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- ICN2-Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Direct evidence for significant spin-polarization of EuS in Co/EuS multilayers at room temperature. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1333. [PMID: 23434820 PMCID: PMC3580319 DOI: 10.1038/srep01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The new era of spintronics promises the development of nanodevices, where the electron spin will be used to store information and charge currents will be replaced by spin currents. For this, ferromagnetic semiconductors at room temperature are needed. We report on significant room-temperature spin polarization of EuS in Co/EuS multilayers recorded by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The films were found to contain a mixture of divalent and trivalent europium, but only Eu++ is responsible for the ferromagnetic behavior of EuS. The magnetic XMCD signal of Eu at room temperature could unambiguously be assigned to magnetic ordering of EuS and was found to be only one order of magnitude smaller than that at 2.5 K. The room temperature magnetic moment of EuS is as large as the one of bulk ferromagnetic Ni. Our findings pave the path for fabrication of room–temperature spintronic devices using spin polarized EuS layers.
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Near-field examination of perovskite-based superlenses and superlens-enhanced probe-object coupling. Nat Commun 2011; 2:249. [PMID: 21427720 PMCID: PMC3072079 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A planar slab of negative-index material works as a superlens with sub-diffraction-limited resolution, as propagating waves are focused and, moreover, evanescent waves are reconstructed in the image plane. Here we demonstrate a superlens for electric evanescent fields with low losses using perovskites in the mid-infrared regime. The combination of near-field microscopy with a tunable free-electron laser allows us to address precisely the polariton modes, which are critical for super-resolution imaging. We spectrally study the lateral and vertical distributions of evanescent waves around the image plane of such a lens, and achieve imaging resolution of λ/14 at the superlensing wavelength. Interestingly, at certain distances between the probe and sample surface, we observe a maximum of these evanescent fields. Comparisons with numerical simulations indicate that this maximum originates from an enhanced coupling between probe and object, which might be applicable for multifunctional circuits, infrared spectroscopy and thermal sensors.
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Golosovsky IV, Salazar-Alvarez G, López-Ortega A, González MA, Sort J, Estrader M, Suriñach S, Baró MD, Nogués J. Magnetic proximity effect features in antiferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic core-shell nanoparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:247201. [PMID: 19659040 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.247201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A study of "inverted" core-shell, MnO/gamma-Mn(2)O(3), nanoparticles is presented. Crystal and magnetic structures and characteristic sizes have been determined by neutron diffraction for the antiferromagnetic core (MnO) and the ferrimagnetic shell (gamma-Mn(2)O(3)). Remarkably, while the MnO core is found to have a T_{N} not far from its bulk value, the magnetic order of the gamma-Mn(2)O(3) shell is stable far above T_{C}, exhibiting two characteristic temperatures, at T approximately 40 K [T_{C}(gamma-Mn(2)O(3))] and at T approximately 120 K [ approximately T_{N}(MnO)]. Magnetization measurements are consistent with these results. The stabilization of the shell moment up to T_{N} of the core can be tentatively attributed to core-shell exchange interactions, hinting at a possible magnetic proximity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Golosovsky
- St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, 188300, Gatchina, St. Petersburg, Russia
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8
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Fullerton EE, Robertson JL, Prinsloo ARE, Alberts HL, Bader SD. Hysteretic spin-density-wave ordering in confined geometries. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:237201. [PMID: 14683209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.237201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the antiferromagnetic spin-density-wave (SDW) order in Cr/Cr(97.5)Mn2.5(001) superlattices. The Mn doping creates a high Néel temperature layer that confines the incommensurate SDW order within the Cr layers. With temperature cycling we observe a transition from commensurate to incommensurate SDW order and discrete changes in the SDW period. We find that these transitions show significant hysteresis (up to 75 K) when the number of SDW nodes within the Cr layer changes by an odd number, while there is no hysteresis for changes of an even number of nodes. This results from the competition between maintaining the spin structure at the interfaces and introducing a spin slip at the nodes of the Cr SDW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Fullerton
- San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose, California 95120, USA
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9
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Camley RE, Li D. Theoretical calculation of magnetic properties of ultrathin Fe films on Cu(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:4709-4712. [PMID: 10990777 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the magnetization in fcc Fe on Cu(100) is calculated using a self-consistent local mean-field theory. The model reproduces an experimental magnetization oscillation as a function of film thickness and supports a picture where the top two layers are ferromagnetically coupled, and the remaining layers are antiferromagnetically coupled. The origin of the puzzling linear temperature dependence in oscillation amplitude is understood as a "surface phenomena" of the antiferromagnetic layer at the Fe/Cu interface. Proximity effects between a thin antiferromagnet with a low Neel temperature and a neighboring ferromagnet with a higher Curie temperature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- RE Camley
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80933-7150, USA
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10
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Stamps RL, Camley RE. Spin waves in antiferromagnetic thin films and multilayers: Surface and interface exchange and entire-cell effective-medium theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:15200-15209. [PMID: 9985582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Dumelow T, Camley RE. Nonreciprocal reflection of infrared radiation from structures with antiferromagnets and dielectrics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:12232-12237. [PMID: 9985085 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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12
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Abarra EN, Takano K, Hellman F, Berkowitz AE. Thermodynamic measurements of magnetic ordering in antiferromagnetic superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:3451-3454. [PMID: 10062223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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13
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Chen JJ, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus MS, Springholz G, Pichler C, Bauer G. Magnetization studies of type-II antiferromagnetic EuTe/PbTe superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:402-410. [PMID: 9984273 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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14
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Ramos CA, Cáceres MO, Lederman D. X-ray scattering in disordered superlattices: Theory and application to FeF2/ZnF2 superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:7890-7898. [PMID: 9982241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.7890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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15
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Wang XZ, Tilley DR. Retarded modes of a lateral antiferromagnetic/nonmagnetic superlattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:13353-13357. [PMID: 9980528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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16
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Elmzughi FG, Constantinou NC, Tilley DR. Theory of electromagnetic modes of a magnetic superlattice in a transverse magnetic field: An effective-medium approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:11515-11520. [PMID: 9977883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.11515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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17
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Borchers JA, Erwin RW, Berry SD, Lind DM, Ankner JF, Lochner E, Shaw KA, Hilton D. Long-range magnetic order in Fe3O4/NiO superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:8276-8286. [PMID: 9977438 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.8276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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18
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Carriço AS, Camley RE, Stamps RL. Phase diagram of thin antiferromagnetic films in strong magnetic fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:13453-13460. [PMID: 9975539 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Trallori L, Politi P, Rettori A, Pini MG, Villain J. Field and surface effects on the ground state of antiferromagnetic systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:1925-1928. [PMID: 10055739 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Lederman D, Ramos CA, Jaccarino V, Cardy JL. Finite-size scaling in FeF2/ZnF2 superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:8365-8375. [PMID: 10007031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.8365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Borchers JA, Erwin RW. Comment on "Phase transitions in antiferromagnetic superlattices". PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:6711. [PMID: 10009239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.6711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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22
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Carey MJ, Berkowitz AE, Borchers JA, Erwin RW. Strong interlayer coupling in CoO/NiO antiferromagnetic superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:9952-9955. [PMID: 10005082 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.9952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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23
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Borchers JA, Carey MJ, Erwin RW, Majkrzak CF, Berkowitz AE. Spatially modulated antiferromagnetic order in CoO/NiO superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:1878-1881. [PMID: 10053409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Nash AE, Ramos CA, Jaccarino V. Measurement of random-exchange critical behavior in the mixed Ising system: FexCo1-xF2. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:5805-5808. [PMID: 10004526 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.5805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Albuquerque EL, Cottam MG. Theory of spin waves in ferromagnetic superlattices with nonuniaxial single-ion anisotropy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:14543-14549. [PMID: 10003555 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Wang RW, Mills DL. Onset of long-range order in superlattices: Mean-field theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:11681-11687. [PMID: 10003057 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.11681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Carriço AS, Camley RE. Phase transitions in antiferromagnetic superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:13117-13120. [PMID: 10001388 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Cao W, Thomas G, Carey M, Berkowitz A. Characterization of epitaxial sputtered NixCo1−xO thin films on α-Al2O3 using transmission electron microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-716x(91)90130-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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