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Liang S, Chen R, Cui Q, Zhou Y, Pan F, Yang H, Song C. Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida-Type Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in Synthetic Magnets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8690-8696. [PMID: 37695701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Conduction electron spins interacting with magnetic impurity spins can mediate an interlayer exchange interaction, namely, the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction. This discovery opened the way to significant technological developments in the field of magnetic storage and spintronics. So far, the RKKY-type interlayer interaction has been found to construct symmetric coupling of magnetism; however, the asymmetric counterpart remains unexplored. Here we report unprecedented RKKY-type interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in synthetic magnets, exhibiting a damped oscillatory feature. This asymmetric interlayer interaction is found to be dramatically dependent on the intermediate coupling layer. By introducing the Fert-Lévy model to the trilayer system, we reveal that the in-plane inversion symmetry breaking plays a pivotal role for generating interlayer DMI and the RKKY oscillation is an intrinsic behavior in metallic multilayers. Our finding fills up the empty block for RKKY-type asymmetric interlayer exchange coupling in comparison to the well-known (symmetric) RKKY-type interlayer exchange coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qirui Cui
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongxin Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Avci CO, Lambert CH, Sala G, Gambardella P. Chiral Coupling between Magnetic Layers with Orthogonal Magnetization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:167202. [PMID: 34723598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.167202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on the occurrence of strong interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) between an in-plane magnetized Co layer and a perpendicularly magnetized TbFe layer through a Pt spacer. The DMI causes a chiral coupling that favors one-handed orthogonal magnetic configurations of Co and TbFe, which we reveal through Hall effect and magnetoresistance measurements. The DMI coupling mediated by Pt causes effective magnetic fields on either layer of up to 10-15 mT, which decrease monotonically with increasing Pt thickness. Ru, Ta, and Ti spacers mediate a significantly smaller coupling compared to Pt, highlighting the essential role of Pt in inducing the interlayer DMI. These results are relevant to understand and maximize the interlayer coupling induced by the DMI as well as to design spintronic devices with chiral spin textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Onur Avci
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Giacomo Sala
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Vedmedenko EY, Riego P, Arregi JA, Berger A. Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:257202. [PMID: 31347891 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.257202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya interaction defines a rotational sense for the spin structure in two-dimensional magnetic films and can be used to create chiral magnetic structures like spin spirals and skyrmions in those films. Here, we show by means of atomistic calculations that in heterostructures an interlayer coupling of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya type across a spacer can emerge. We quantify this interaction in the framework of the Lévy-Fert model for trilayers consisting of two ferromagnets separated by a nonmagnetic spacer and show that such an interlayer Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya interaction yields nontrivial three-dimensional spin textures across the entire trilayer, which evolve within as well as between the planes and, hence, combine intraplane and interplane chiralities. This analysis opens new perspectives for three-dimensional tailoring of magnetic chirality in multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Riego
- CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain and Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad del Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Cao RX, Sun L, Miao BF, Li QL, Zheng C, Wu D, You B, Zhang W, Han P, Bader SD, Zhang WY, Ding HF. Spectroscopic study of Gd nanostructures quantum confined in Fe corrals. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12092. [PMID: 26160318 PMCID: PMC4498218 DOI: 10.1038/srep12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dimensional nanostructures have attracted attention due to their rich physical properties and potential applications. The essential factor for their functionality is their electronic properties, which can be modified by quantum confinement. Here the electronic states of Gd atom trapped in open Fe corrals on Ag(111) were studied via scanning tunneling spectroscopy. A single spectroscopic peak above the Fermi level is observed after Gd adatoms are trapped inside Fe corrals, while two peaks appear in empty corrals. The single peak position is close to the higher energy peak of the empty corrals. These findings, attributed to quantum confinement of the corrals and Gd structures trapped inside, are supported by tight-binding calculations. This demonstrates and provides insights into atom trapping in open corrals of various diameters, giving an alternative approach to modify the properties of nano-objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R X Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - L Sun
- 1] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - B F Miao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Q L Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - D Wu
- 1] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - B You
- 1] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - W Zhang
- 1] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - P Han
- 1] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China [2] School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - S D Bader
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W Y Zhang
- 1] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - H F Ding
- 1] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Li J, Przybylski M, Yildiz F, Ma XD, Wu YZ. Oscillatory magnetic anisotropy originating from quantum well states in Fe films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:207206. [PMID: 19519071 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.207206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic anisotropy of Fe film grown on vicinal Ag(1,1,10) surfaces was studied with the in situ magneto-optic Kerr effect. Below 200 K, strong oscillations of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy as a function of Fe thickness with a period of 5.7 monolayers are found, which can even cause the easy magnetization axis to oscillate between perpendicular and parallel to the steps. Such novel oscillation of the anisotropy is attributed to the quantum well states of d-band electrons at the Fermi level in the Fe film. This is unlike the previously observed oscillatory behaviors of ferromagnetic films caused by the quantum well states in nonmagnetic interfacing layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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Halley D, Bengone O, Boukari S, Weber W. Novel Oscillation Period of the Interlayer Exchange Coupling in Fe/Cr/Fe Due to MgO Capping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:027201. [PMID: 19257313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.027201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel period of the interlayer exchange coupling as a function of Cr thickness is observed in epitaxial Fe/Cr/Fe (001) sandwiches capped with MgO. This additional period, equal to 3 chromium atomic layers, vanishes when the capping is Cr. A strong oscillation of the magnetic coupling is also observed as a function of the thickness of the Fe layer next to the MgO capping layer. This effect is attributed to the formation of quantum well states in this Fe layer. It is believed that this confinement modifies the reflection coefficient at the Cr/Fe interface for electrons of a particular symmetry and leads to the new coupling period which is linked to the Fermi surface topology of chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Halley
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, ULP - CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Chapter 1 Interlayer exchange coupling in layered magnetic structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-2719(01)13005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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8
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Chapter 15 Ultrathin magnetic structures—magnetism and electronic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1571-0785(97)80018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Mirbt S, Niklasson AM, Johansson B, Skriver HL. Calculated oscillation periods of the interlayer coupling in Fe/Cr/Fe and Fe/Mo/Fe sandwiches. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:6382-6392. [PMID: 9986656 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.6382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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10
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Li D, Pearson J, Mattson JE, Bader SD, Johnson PD. Photoemission study of quantum confinement by a finite barrier: Cu/Co(wedge)/Cu(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:7195-7199. [PMID: 9977282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.7195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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11
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Inoue J. Effects of randomness at interfaces on the exchange coupling in magnetic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:13541-13546. [PMID: 9975549 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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12
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Koelling DD. Magnetic multilayers with (Nb,Mo,Cr) spacer materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:273-290. [PMID: 9974541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Shi ZP, Levy PM, Fry JL. Interlayer magnetic coupling in metallic multilayer structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:15159-15178. [PMID: 10010623 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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14
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Qiu ZQ, Pearson J, Bader SD. Two-dimensional Ising transition of epitaxial Fe films grown on Ag(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:8797-8801. [PMID: 10009661 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.8797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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15
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Lee B, Chang YC. Complex-band method for calculating the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction in magnetic superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:8868-8881. [PMID: 10009670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.8868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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16
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Weller D, Harp GR, Farrow RF, Cebollada A, Sticht J. Orientation dependence of the polar Kerr effect in fcc and hcp Co. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:2097-2100. [PMID: 10055787 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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17
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Jin QY, Xu YB, Zhai HR, Hu C, Lu M, Bie QS, Zhai Y, Dunifer GL, Naik R, Ahmad M. Direct evidence of spin polarization oscillations in the Cu layers of Fe/Cu multilayers observed by NMR. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:768-771. [PMID: 10056518 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Fullerton EE, Conover MJ, Mattson JE, Sowers CH, Bader SD. Oscillatory interlayer coupling and giant magnetoresistance in epitaxial Fe/Cr(211) and (100) superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:15755-15763. [PMID: 10008128 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.15755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yan S, Ma X. Unusual interlayer-coupling effect in Fe-Si/Cr multilayered films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:10266-10271. [PMID: 10007303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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20
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Stiles MD. Exchange coupling in magnetic heterostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:7238-7258. [PMID: 10006893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mattson JE, Kumar S, Fullerton EE, Lee SR, Sowers CH, Grimsditch M, Bader SD, Parker FT. Photoinduced antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling in Fe/(Fe-Si) superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:185-188. [PMID: 10054404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Qiu ZQ, Pearson J, Bader SD. Asymmetry of the spin reorientation transition in ultrathin Fe films and wedges grown on Ag(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:1006-1009. [PMID: 10054260 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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23
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Sempa Studies of Oscillatory Exchange Coupling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1519-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Qiu ZQ, Pearson J, Bader SD. Oscillatory interlayer magnetic coupling of wedged Co/Cu/Co sandwiches grown on Cu(100) by molecular beam epitaxy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:8659-8662. [PMID: 10002647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.8659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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25
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Qiu ZQ, Pearson J, Bader SD. Magneto-optic Kerr ellipticity of epitaxial Co/Cu overlayers and superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:8195-8200. [PMID: 10002577 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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26
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Walker TG, Pang AW, Hopster H, Alvarado SF. Magnetic ordering of Cr layers on Fe(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:1121-1124. [PMID: 10047128 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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