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Bergmann K, Vitanov NV, Shore BW. Perspective: Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage: The status after 25 years. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:170901. [PMID: 25956078 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first presentation of the STIRAP (stimulated Raman adiabatic passage) technique with proper theoretical foundation and convincing experimental data appeared 25 years ago, in the May 1st, 1990 issue of The Journal of Chemical Physics. By now, the STIRAP concept has been successfully applied in many different fields of physics, chemistry, and beyond. In this article, we comment briefly on the initial motivation of the work, namely, the study of reaction dynamics of vibrationally excited small molecules, and how this initial idea led to the documented success. We proceed by providing a brief discussion of the physics of STIRAP and how the method was developed over the years, before discussing a few examples from the amazingly wide range of applications which STIRAP now enjoys, with the aim to stimulate further use of the concept. Finally, we mention some promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Bergmann
- Fachbereich Physik und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nikolay V Vitanov
- Department of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, James Bourchier 5 Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bruce W Shore
- 618 Escondido Circle, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Zhou C, Kohli P. Ultracompact beam splitters based on plasmonic nanoslits. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2011; 109:93114-931146. [PMID: 21647248 PMCID: PMC3107828 DOI: 10.1063/1.3582005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An ultracompact plasmonic beam splitter is theoretically and numerically investigated. The splitter consists of a V-shaped nanoslit in metal films. Two groups of nanoscale metallic grooves inside the slit (A) and at the small slit opening (B) are investigated. We show that there are two energy channels guiding light out by the splitter: the optical and the plasmonic channels. Groove A is used to couple incident light into the plasmonic channel. Groove B functions as a plasmonic scatter. We demonstrate that the energy transfer through plasmonic path is dominant in the beam splitter. We find that more than four times the energy is transferred by the plasmonic channel using structures A and B. We show that the plasmonic waves scattered by B can be converted into light waves. These light waves redistribute the transmitted energy through interference with the field transmitted from the nanoslit. Therefore, different beam splitting effects are achieved by simply changing the interference conditions between the scattered waves and the transmitted waves. The impact of the width and height of groove B are also investigated. It is found that the plasmonic scattering of B is changed into light scattering with increase of the width and the height of B. These devices have potential applications in optical sampling, signal processing, and integrated optical circuits.
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Abstract
Coherent manipulations of atoms using laser lightThe internal structure of a particle - an atom or other quantum system in which the excitation energies are discrete - undergoes change when exposed to pulses of near-resonant laser light. This tutorial review presents basic concepts of quantum states, of laser radiation and of the Hilbert-space statevector that provides the theoretical portrait of probability amplitudes - the tools for quantifying quantum properties not only of individual atoms and molecules but also of artificial atoms and other quantum systems. It discusses the equations of motion that describe the laser-induced changes (coherent excitation), and gives examples of laser-pulse effects, with particular emphasis on two-state and three-state adiabatic time evolution within the rotating-wave approximation. It provides pictorial descriptions of excitation based on the Bloch equations that allow visualization of two-state excitation as motion of a three-dimensional vector (the Bloch vector). Other visualization techniques allow portrayal of more elaborate systems, particularly the Hilbert-space motion of adiabatic states subject to various pulse sequences. Various more general multilevel systems receive treatment that includes degeneracies, chains and loop linkages. The concluding sections discuss techniques for creating arbitrary pre-assigned quantum states, for manipulating them into alternative coherent superpositions and for analyzing an unknown superposition. Appendices review some basic mathematical concepts and provide further details of the theoretical formalism, including photons, pulse propagation, statistical averages, analytic solutions to the equations of motion, exact solutions of periodic Hamiltonians, and population-trapping "dark" states.
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Fox JK, Kim HA, Mishra SR, Myrskog SH, Jofre AM, Segal LR, Kim JB, Steinberg AM. Classical and quantum analysis of one-dimensional velocity selection for ultracold atoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4266/7/9/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Nguyen NA, Dey BK, Shapiro M, Brumer P. Coherent Control in Nanolithography: Rydberg Atoms. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp040035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nam A. Nguyen
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Bijoy K. Dey
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Moshe Shapiro
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul Brumer
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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Ohta Y, Hoki K, Fujimura Y. Theory of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a degenerated reaction system: Application to control of molecular handedness. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1467054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ohta Y, Bando T, Yoshimoto T, Nishi K, Nagao H, Nishikawa K. Control of Intramolecular Proton Transfer by a Laser Field. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ohta
- Department of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - T. Bando
- Department of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - T. Yoshimoto
- Department of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - K. Nishi
- Department of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - H. Nagao
- Department of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - K. Nishikawa
- Department of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Vitanov NV, Halfmann T, Shore BW, Bergmann K. Laser-induced population transfer by adiabatic passage techniques. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2001; 52:763-809. [PMID: 11326080 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 822] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review some basic techniques for laser-induced adiabatic population transfer between discrete quantum states in atoms and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Vitanov
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, PL 9, 00014 Finland.
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Comparat D, Drag C, Fioretti A, Dulieu O, Pillet P. Photoassociative Spectroscopy and Formation of Cold Molecules in Cold Cesium Vapor: Trap-Loss Spectrum versus Ion Spectrum. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 1999; 195:229-235. [PMID: 10329266 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.1999.7764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental spectra of all the optically accessible long-range attractive molecular states of the Cs2 dimer below the 6s2S1/2 + 6p2P3/2 dissociation limit by molecular photoassociation of cold Cs atoms. The spectra are obtained by the usual trap-loss method as well as by pulsed-laser photoionization of Cs2 molecules into Cs+2 ions. The two spectra present markedly different features. While the 1g, 0(+)u, and 0(-)g vibrational progressions are present in the trap-loss spectrum, the Cs+2 ion spectrum presents only the 0(-)g and 1u vibrational progressions. Those states (0(-)g and 1u) lead to the formation of the translationally cold Cs2 ground state molecules at temperatures in the 100 µK range, to our knowledge the lowest molecular temperature reported up until now. The C3 asymptotic coefficients for the 0(+)u and 1g states are determined through a fit of the experimental energy levels. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Comparat
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton,1, CNRS II, Bât. 505, Campus d'Orsay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
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Goldner LS, Gerz C, Spreeuw RJC, Rolston SL, Westbrook CI, Phillips WD, Marte P, Zoller P. Coherent transfer of photon momentum by adiabatic following in a dark state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/6/4/016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Morigi G, Featonby P, Summy G, Foot C. Calculation of the efficiencies and phase shifts associated with an adiabatic transfer atom interferometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/1355-5111/8/3/024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wilson-Gordon AD, Friedmann H. Four-Wave Mixing with Short Temporally Nonoverlapping Pulses. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Friedmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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Abstract
The techniques of optical trapping and manipulation of neutral particles by lasers provide unique means to control the dynamics of small particles. These new experimental methods have played a revolutionary role in areas of the physical and biological sciences. This paper reviews the early developments in the field leading to the demonstration of cooling and trapping of neutral atoms in atomic physics and to the first use of optical tweezers traps in biology. Some further major achievements of these rapidly developing methods also are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ashkin
- Research Department, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies (retired), Room 4B-405, Holmdel, NJ 07733-3030, USA
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Carroll CE, Hioe FT. Selective excitation and structure in the continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW A 1996; 54:5147-5151. [PMID: 9914084 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.5147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Walser R, Cirac JI, Zoller P. Magnetic Tomography of a Cavity State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:2658-2661. [PMID: 10062013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Weitz M, Heupel T, Hänsch TW. Multiple Beam Atomic Interferometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:2356-2359. [PMID: 10061933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Korsunsky E. Laser cooling during velocity-selective adiabatic population transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:R1773-R1776. [PMID: 9913761 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.r1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Martin J, Shore BW, Bergmann K. Coherent population transfer in multilevel systems with magnetic sublevels. III. Experimental results. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:1556-1569. [PMID: 9913626 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Esslinger T, Sander F, Weidemüller M, Hemmerich A, Hänsch TW. Subrecoil laser cooling with adiabatic transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:2432-2435. [PMID: 10060698 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Featonby PD, Summy GS, Martin JL, Wu H, Zetie KP, Foot CJ, Burnett K. Adiabatic transfer for atomic interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:373-380. [PMID: 9912893 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Giltner DM, McGowan RW, Lee SA. Theoretical and experimental study of the Bragg scattering of atoms from a standing light wave. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:3966-3972. [PMID: 9912708 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Shore BW, Martin J, Fewell MP, Bergmann K. Coherent population transfer in multilevel systems with magnetic sublevels. I. Numerical studies. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:566-582. [PMID: 9912281 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Martin J, Shore BW, Bergmann K. Coherent population transfer in multilevel systems with magnetic sublevels. II. Algebraic analysis. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:583-593. [PMID: 9912282 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Johnson KS, Chu A, Lynn TW, Berggren KK, Shahriar MS, Prentiss M. Demonstration of a nonmagnetic blazed-grating atomic beam splitter. OPTICS LETTERS 1995; 20:1310-1312. [PMID: 19859509 DOI: 10.1364/ol.20.001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a coherent atomic beam splitter for metastable helium atoms, based on the diffraction of atomic matter waves from a blazed phase grating. The beam splitter is created by driving the two transitions of a three-level V system with differentially detuned standing light waves that have a relative spatial phase shift of pi/2. The light f ields create a potential that is approximately triangular as a function of position in the laser field. Splittings of 38 times the photon momentum have been observed.
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PRITCHARD DAVIDE, CHAPMAN MICHAELS, EKSTROM CHRISTOPHERR, HAMMOND TROYD, SCHMIEDMAYER JÖRG, LENEF ALAN, RUBENSTEIN RICHARD, WEHINGER STEFAN. Interferometry with Atoms and Moleculesa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb38967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Parkins AS, Marte P, Zoller P, Carnal O, Kimble HJ. Quantum-state mapping between multilevel atoms and cavity light fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:1578-1596. [PMID: 9911745 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Cirac JI, Parkins AS. Schemes for atomic-state teleportation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 50:R4441-R4444. [PMID: 9911545 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.r4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Weitz M, Young BC, Chu S. Atomic interferometer based on adiabatic population transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:2563-2566. [PMID: 10057092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Weitz M, Young BC, Chu S. Atom manipulation based on delayed laser pulses in three- and four-level systems: Light shifts and transfer efficiencies. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 50:2438-2444. [PMID: 9911162 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Goldner LS, Gerz C, Spreeuw RJ, Rolston SL, Westbrook CI, Phillips WD, Marte P, Zoller P. Momentum transfer in laser-cooled cesium by adiabatic passage in a light field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:997-1000. [PMID: 10056591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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