1
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Liu K, Réhault J, Liang B, Hambsch M, Zhang Y, Seçkin S, Zhou Y, Shivhare R, Zhang P, Polozij M, König TAF, Qi H, Zhou S, Fery A, Mannsfeld SCB, Kaiser U, Heine T, Banerji N, Dong R, Feng X. A Quasi-2D Polypyrrole Film with Band-Like Transport Behavior and High Charge-Carrier Mobility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303288. [PMID: 37468165 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-2D (q2D) conjugated polymers (CPs) are polymers that consist of linear CP chains assembled through non-covalent interactions to form a layered structure. In this work, the synthesis of a novel crystalline q2D polypyrrole (q2DPPy) film at the air/H2 SO4 (95%) interface is reported. The unique interfacial environment facilitates chain extension, prevents disorder, and results in a crystalline, layered assembly of protonated quinoidal chains with a fully extended conformation in its crystalline domains. This unique structure features highly delocalized π-electron systems within the extended chains, which is responsible for the low effective mass and narrow electronic bandgap. Thus, the temperature-dependent charge-transport properties of q2DPPy are investigated using the van der Pauw (vdP) method and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The vdP method reveals that the q2DPPy film exhibits a semiconducting behavior with a thermally activated hopping mechanism in long-range transport between the electrodes. Conversely, THz-TDS reveals a band-like transport, indicating intrinsic charge transport up to a record short-range high THz mobility of ≈107.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Julien Réhault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Baokun Liang
- Central Facility of Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike Hambsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sezer Seçkin
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yunxia Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rishi Shivhare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Peng Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Miroslav Polozij
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias A F König
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Central Facility of Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan C B Mannsfeld
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig Research Branch, 04316, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Renhao Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
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2
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Density functional theory studies of polypyrrole and polypyrrole derivatives; substituent effect on the optical and electronic properties. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Bizhani H, Katbab AA, Lopez-Hernandez E, Miranda JM, Verdejo R. Highly Deformable Porous Electromagnetic Wave Absorber Based on Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040858. [PMID: 32276383 PMCID: PMC7240433 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields has risen over the years as the result of our digitally and highly connected lifestyle. This work reports on the development of one such shield based on vulcanized rubber foams. Nanocomposites of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared via hot compression molding using a chemical blowing agent as foaming agent. MWCNTs accelerated the cure and led to high shear-thinning behavior, indicative of the formation of a 3D interconnected physical network. Foamed nanocomposites exhibited lower electrical percolation threshold than their solid counterparts. Above percolation, foamed nanocomposites displayed EMI absorption values of 28–45 dB in the frequency range of the X-band. The total EMI shielding efficiency of the foams was insignificantly affected by repeated bending with high recovery behavior. Our results highlight the potential of cross-linked EPDM/MWCNT foams as a lightweight EM wave absorber with high flexibility and deformability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Bizhani
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave., Tehran 1591634311, Iran;
| | - Ali Asghar Katbab
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave., Tehran 1591634311, Iran;
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Emil Lopez-Hernandez
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jose Miguel Miranda
- Department of Estructura de la Materia, Facultad de Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Raquel Verdejo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); (R.V.)
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4
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Jung I, Kim M, Kwak M, Kim G, Jang M, Kim SM, Park DJ, Park S. Surface plasmon resonance extension through two-block metal-conducting polymer nanorods. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29520100 PMCID: PMC5843636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on surface plasmon resonance coupling of metallic nanostructures is an important area in the field of plasmonics because distinctive collective optical properties can be realized that are different from the individual constituents. Here we report the localized surface plasmon resonance of hybrid metal-organic nanorods. Colloidal-dispersed Au-PPy nanorods were synthesized as a representative material using a modified electrochemical method, and the collective oscillation properties were systematically investigated by comparing these materials with pure Au nanorods. We observed the extended surface plasmon resonance of a hybrid system. The presence of doped-PPy segments on Au segments induced an enhanced coherent electric field due to the partial contribution of π-electrons on the PPy segment, which led to a red-shifted plasmon feature. Additionally, we demonstrated that surface plasmon resonance extension can be tuned by dopant anions, which demonstrates a way of tuning a dopant-induced plasmonic system. Localized surface plasmon resonance can be exploited for a range of applications, but remains difficult to tailor in metal-organic nanostructures. Here the authors synthesize gold-polypyrrole nanorods and observe a unique extended surface plasmon resonance, which they find to be tunable through doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insub Jung
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Min Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Geonwoo Kim
- Department of Physics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Minsun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Doo Jae Park
- Department of Physics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
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5
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Pérez-Medina JC, Waldo-Mendoza MA, Cruz-Delgado VJ, Quiñones-Jurado ZV, González-Morones P, Ziolo RF, Martínez-Colunga JG, Soriano-Corral F, Avila-Orta CA. Metamaterial Behavior of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Polypropylene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Fabricated by Means of Ultrasound-Assisted Extrusion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E923. [PMID: 28774042 PMCID: PMC5457228 DOI: 10.3390/ma9110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metamaterial behavior of polymer nanocomposites (NCs) based on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated based on the observation of a negative dielectric constant (ε'). It is demonstrated that as the dielectric constant switches from negative to positive, the plasma frequency (ωp) depends strongly on the ultrasound-assisted fabrication method, as well as on the melt flow index of the iPP. NCs were fabricated using ultrasound-assisted extrusion methods with 10 wt % loadings of MWCNTs in iPPs with different melt flow indices (MFI). AC electrical conductivity (σ(AC)) as a function of frequency was determined to complement the electrical classification of the NCs, which were previously designated as insulating (I), static-dissipative (SD), and conductive (C) materials. It was found that the SD and C materials can also be classified as metamaterials (M). This type of behavior emerges from the negative dielectric constant observed at low frequencies although, at certain frequencies, the dielectric constant becomes positive. Our method of fabrication allows for the preparation of metamaterials with tunable ωp. iPP pure samples show only positive dielectric constants. Electrical conductivity increases in all cases with the addition of MWCNTs with the largest increases observed for samples with the highest MFI. A relationship between MFI and the fabrication method, with respect to electrical properties, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Pérez-Medina
- Innovación y Desarrollo en Materiales Avanzados A. C., Grupo POLYnnova, Carr. San Luis Potosí-Guadalajara 1510, Nivel 3, Local 12, Lomas del Tecnológico, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. C.P. 78211, Mexico.
| | - Miguel A Waldo-Mendoza
- Innovación y Desarrollo en Materiales Avanzados A. C., Grupo POLYnnova, Carr. San Luis Potosí-Guadalajara 1510, Nivel 3, Local 12, Lomas del Tecnológico, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. C.P. 78211, Mexico.
| | - Víctor J Cruz-Delgado
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Ing. Enrique Reyna H. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo, Coahuila C.P. 25294, Mexico.
| | - Zoe V Quiñones-Jurado
- Innovación y Desarrollo en Materiales Avanzados A. C., Grupo POLYnnova, Carr. San Luis Potosí-Guadalajara 1510, Nivel 3, Local 12, Lomas del Tecnológico, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. C.P. 78211, Mexico.
| | - Pablo González-Morones
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Ing. Enrique Reyna H. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo, Coahuila C.P. 25294, Mexico.
| | - Ronald F Ziolo
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Ing. Enrique Reyna H. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo, Coahuila C.P. 25294, Mexico.
| | - Juan G Martínez-Colunga
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Ing. Enrique Reyna H. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo, Coahuila C.P. 25294, Mexico.
| | - Florentino Soriano-Corral
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Ing. Enrique Reyna H. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo, Coahuila C.P. 25294, Mexico.
| | - Carlos A Avila-Orta
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Ing. Enrique Reyna H. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo, Coahuila C.P. 25294, Mexico.
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6
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Mayevsky D, Gann E, Garvey CJ, McNeill CR, Winther-Jensen B. Decoupling order and conductivity in doped conducting polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19397-404. [PMID: 27374244 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein it is demonstrated that the high level of interchain ordering of pEDOT is not necessary for the polymer to have efficient charge transport. Resistance and order are compared during the manufacturing process, where the polymerisation step and ordering step are decoupled as separate stages of the processing. GIWAXS experiments measuring interchain order are correlated to resistivity measurements at multiple stages of the manufacturing process on single films, and it is shown that for an individual film, where percolation is achieved, having a long range ordered system offers no reduction in resistance compared to having a highly disordered state of the same film. For this system, once the chains of pEDOT are formed, it is experimentally demonstrated that for percolation to be achieved, a remarkably low 4.5% volume fraction pEDOT is required. The apparent lack of necessity for significant interchain ordering allows for a meaningful measurement of development of the charge transport during the chemical polymerisation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mayevsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Eliot Gann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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7
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Zhang X, Yan X, He Q, Wei H, Long J, Guo J, Gu H, Yu J, Liu J, Ding D, Sun L, Wei S, Guo Z. Electrically conductive polypropylene nanocomposites with negative permittivity at low carbon nanotube loading levels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:6125-6138. [PMID: 25719265 DOI: 10.1021/am5082183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposites were prepared by coating CNTs on the surface of gelated/swollen soft PP pellets. The electrical conductivity (σ) studies revealed a percolation threshold of only 0.3 wt %, and the electrical conductivity mechanism followed a 3-d variable range hopping (VRH) behavior. At lower processing temperature, the CNTs formed the network structure more easily, resulting in a higher σ. The fraction of γ-phase PP increased with increasing the pressing temperature. The CNTs at lower loading (0.1 wt %) served as nucleating sites and promoted the crystallization of PP. The CNTs favored the disentanglement of polymer chains and thus caused an even lower melt viscosity of nanocomposites than that of pure PP. The calculated optical band gap of CNTs was observed to increase with increasing the processing temperature, i.e., 1.55 eV for nanocomposites prepared at 120 °C and 1.70 eV prepared at 160 and 180 °C. Both the Drude model and interband transition phenomenon have been used for theoretical analysis of the real permittivity of the nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- †Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Xingru Yan
- †Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Qingliang He
- †Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- ∇Engineered Multifunctional Composites, LLC, Beaumont, Texas 77713, United States
| | - Huige Wei
- †Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | | | - Jiang Guo
- †Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Hongbo Gu
- ∥Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jingfang Yu
- ⊥Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jingjing Liu
- ⊥Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Daowei Ding
- †Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- ∇Engineered Multifunctional Composites, LLC, Beaumont, Texas 77713, United States
| | - Luyi Sun
- ⊥Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | | | - Zhanhu Guo
- †Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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8
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Shi ZC, Mao F, Wang J, Fan RH, Wang X. Percolative silver/alumina composites with radio frequency dielectric resonance-induced negative permittivity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21808j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radio frequency dielectric resonance-induced negative permittivity was observed in silver/alumina composites beyond the percolation threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-cheng Shi
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- P. R. China
| | - Fan Mao
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- P. R. China
| | - Run-hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- P. R. China
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9
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Vervacke C, Bof Bufon CC, Thurmer DJ, Siles PF, Schmidt OG. High-Performance Organic Nanomembrane Based Sensors for Rapid in Situ Acid Detection. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8399-406. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301959e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vervacke
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden,
Germany
| | - Carlos Cesar Bof Bufon
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden,
Germany
| | - Dominic J. Thurmer
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden,
Germany
| | - Pablo F. Siles
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden,
Germany
- Material Systems
for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainerstraße
70, 09107 Chemnitz,
Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden,
Germany
- Material Systems
for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainerstraße
70, 09107 Chemnitz,
Germany
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10
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Kim N, Lee BH, Choi D, Kim G, Kim H, Kim JR, Lee J, Kahng YH, Lee K. Role of interchain coupling in the metallic state of conducting polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:106405. [PMID: 23005311 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the charge dynamics of the conductivity enhancement from 2 to 1000 S/cm in poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) as induced by structural changes through the addition of a polar solvent and the following solvent bath treatment. Our results indicate that the addition of a polar solvent selectively enhanced the π-π coupling of the polymer chains, resulting in the reduction of disorder and tremendously increasing the charge carrier mobility, which yielded an insulator-to-metal transition. In contrast, the following solvent bath treatment selectively enhanced the intergrain coupling, which did not affect the disorder or the mobility but increased the charge carrier density. Therefore, we demonstrate that the conduction-character defining disorder in this conducting polymer system is determined by the extent of interchain coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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11
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Bof Bufon CC, Heinzel T, Espindola P, Heinze J. Influence of the Polymerization Potential on the Transport Properties of Polypyrrole Films. J Phys Chem B 2009; 114:714-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908565y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. C. Bof Bufon
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, and Freiburger Materiaforschungszentrum, Stefan Meier Str. 21, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - T. Heinzel
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, and Freiburger Materiaforschungszentrum, Stefan Meier Str. 21, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - P. Espindola
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, and Freiburger Materiaforschungszentrum, Stefan Meier Str. 21, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Heinze
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, and Freiburger Materiaforschungszentrum, Stefan Meier Str. 21, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Hacaloglu J, Tezal F, Kücükyavuz Z. The characterization of polyaniline and polypyrrole composites by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Jawad SA, Alnajjar A, Bader M. Dielectric Spectroscopy of Pure and KBr Dispersed Polypyrrole. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00914039808041032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Abdul Jawad
- a Physics Department, P.O. Box 17551 Al-Ain , UAE University , United Arab Emirates
| | - A. Alnajjar
- a Physics Department, P.O. Box 17551 Al-Ain , UAE University , United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Bader
- b Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 17551, Al-Ain , UAE University , United Arab Emirates
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14
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Singh R, Narula AK, Tandon RP, Mansingh A, Chandra S. Polaronic hopping conduction in poly(N-methyl pyrrole-pyrrole) copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/13642819708202328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadhar Singh
- a National Physical Laboratory , Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi , 110 012 , India
| | - Amarjeet K. Narula
- a National Physical Laboratory , Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi , 110 012 , India
| | - R. P. Tandon
- a National Physical Laboratory , Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi , 110 012 , India
| | - A. Mansingh
- b Department of Physics and Astrophysics , University of Delhi , Delhi , 110 007 , India
| | - Subhas Chandra
- a National Physical Laboratory , Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi , 110 012 , India
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Gilani TH. Evidence for Metal-like Electronic Contribution in Low-Temperature Heat Capacity of Polypyrrole. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:19204-7. [PMID: 16853478 DOI: 10.1021/jp054259l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat capacity measurements in the temperature range of 0.6 to 12 K have been conducted on doped polypyrrole films. At low temperature, a finite electronic contribution gamma prevails in all samples. The value of gamma for hexafluorophosphate doped polypyrrole PPy(PF6) is 6.31 mJ x K(-2) x mol(-1), but is 2.2 mJ x K(-2) x mol(-1) for p-toluene sulfonate doped polypyrrole PPy(TsO). With use of the free electron model, the corresponding densities of states at the Fermi level N(E(F)) are calculated and compared with those obtained from spin susceptibility data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq H Gilani
- Department of Physics, Millersville University, P. O. Box 1002, Millersville, Pennsylvania 17551, USA.
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Otero TF, Costa SO, Ariza MJ, Marquez M. Electrodeposition of Cu on deeply reduced polypyrrole electrodes at very high cathodic potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b418075e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Ivanov V, Gribkova O, Nekrasov A, Vannikov A, Meshkov G, Yaminsky I. Multilevel redox heterogeneity in polyaniline films: from molecular to macroscopic scale. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2003.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Romijn IG, Hupkes HJ, Martens HCF, Brom HB, Mukherjee AK, Menon R. Carrier dynamics in conducting polymers: case of PF6 doped polypyrrole. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:176602. [PMID: 12786088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.176602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The carrier dynamics in PF6 doped polypyrrole has been probed by dielectric spectroscopy (from 10(-4) to 4 eV), down to 4.2 K. The phase-sensitive sub-THz data have assisted to resolve the discrepancies in Kramers-Kronig analysis in earlier studies. Even in metallic samples, just 1% of the carriers are delocalized, at 300 K; the fraction drops down considerably as a function of disorder, carrier density, and temperature. This subtle metallic feature and the anomalies in carrier dynamics are attributed to coherent and incoherent transport between short conjugated segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Romijn
- Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Epstein AJ. Introduction to Electronic Polymers: Influence of Nanostructure on Electronic Phenomena. ORGANIC ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56425-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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21
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Joo J, Lee JK, Lee SY, Jang KS, Oh EJ, Epstein AJ. Physical Characterization of Electrochemically and Chemically Synthesized Polypyrroles. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma991418o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Joo
- Department of Physics and Center for Electro & Photo Responsive Molecules, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - A. J. Epstein
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1106
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Lee K, Miller EK, Aleshin AN, Menon R, Heeger AJ, Kim JH, Yoon CO, Lee H. Nature of the metallic state in conducting polypyrrole. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 1998; 10:456-9. [PMID: 21647976 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199804)10:6<456::aid-adma456>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Lee
- Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (USA)
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24
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Joo J, Lee JK, Hong JK, Baeck JS, Lee WP, Epstein AJ, Jang KS, Suh JS, Oh EJ. Charge Transport and Spin Dynamics of Chemically Synthesized Polypyrrole Soluble in Organic Solvents. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma970508v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - W. P. Lee
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - A. J. Epstein
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1106
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Kohlman RS, Joo J, Min YG, MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ. Crossover in Electrical Frequency Response through an Insulator-Metal Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:2766-2769. [PMID: 10062040 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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26
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Bussac MN, Zuppiroli L. High-field mobility in an assembly of conjugated polymer segments. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:4674-4679. [PMID: 9986426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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27
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Dyreklev P, Granström M, Inganäs O, Gunaratne L, Senadeera G, Skaarup S, West K. The influence of polymerization rate on conductivity and crystallinity of electropolymerized polypyrrole. POLYMER 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(96)87619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stroud D, Kazaryan A. Optical sum rules and effective-medium theories for a polycrystalline material: Application to a model for polypyrrole. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:7076-7084. [PMID: 9982153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.7076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Pastawski HM, Weisz JF, Albanesi EA. Transport properties of organic conductors: Influence of the statistics of distances between charged centers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:10665-10668. [PMID: 9980139 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.10665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lee K, Menon R, Yoon CO, Heeger AJ. Reflectance of conducting polypyrrole: Observation of the metal-insulator transition driven by disorder. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:4779-4787. [PMID: 9981658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.4779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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