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Maeda N. Brief Overview of Ice Nucleation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020392. [PMID: 33451150 PMCID: PMC7828621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleation of ice is vital in cloud physics and impacts on a broad range of matters from the cryopreservation of food, tissues, organs, and stem cells to the prevention of icing on aircraft wings, bridge cables, wind turbines, and other structures. Ice nucleation thus has broad implications in medicine, food engineering, mineralogy, biology, and other fields. Nowadays, the growing threat of global warming has led to intense research activities on the feasibility of artificially modifying clouds to shift the Earth’s radiation balance. For these reasons, nucleation of ice has been extensively studied over many decades and rightfully so. It is thus not quite possible to cover the whole subject of ice nucleation in a single review. Rather, this feature article provides a brief overview of ice nucleation that focuses on several major outstanding fundamental issues. The author’s wish is to aid early researchers in ice nucleation and those who wish to get into the field of ice nucleation from other disciplines by concisely summarizing the outstanding issues in this important field. Two unresolved challenges stood out from the review, namely the lack of a molecular-level picture of ice nucleation at an interface and the limitations of classical nucleation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Maeda
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, University of Alberta, 7-207 Donadeo ICE, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G1H9, Canada
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Papavasileiou KD, Peristeras LD, Bick A, Economou IG. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Pure n-Alkanes and Their Mixtures at Elevated Temperatures Using Atomistic and Coarse-Grained Force Fields. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6229-6243. [PMID: 31251061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The properties of higher n-alkanes and their mixtures is a topic of significant interest for the oil and chemical industry. However, the experimental data at high temperatures are scarce. The present study focuses on simulating n-dodecane, n-octacosane, their binary mixture at a n-dodecane mole fraction of 0.3, and a model mixture of the commercially available hydrocarbon wax SX-70 to evaluate the performance of several force fields on the reproduction of properties such as liquid densities, surface tension, and viscosities. Molecular dynamics simulations over a broad temperature range from 323.15 to 573.15 K were employed in examining a broad set of atomistic molecular models assessed for the reproduction of experimental data. The well-established united atom TraPPE (TraPPE-UA) was compared against the all atom optimized potentials for liquid simulations (OPLS) reparametrization for long n-alkanes, L-OPLS, as well as Lipid14 and MARTINI force fields. All models qualitatively reproduce the temperature dependence of the aforementioned properties, but TraPPE-UA was found to reproduce liquid densities most accurately and consistently over the entire temperature range. TraPPE-UA and MARTINI were very successful in reproducing surface tensions, and L-OPLS was found to be the most accurate in reproducing the measured viscosities as compared to the other models. Our simulations show that these widely used force fields originating from the world of biomolecular simulations are suitable candidates in the study of n-alkane properties, both in the pure and mixture states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos D Papavasileiou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Molecular Thermodynamics and Modelling of Materials Laboratory , National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Aghia Paraskevi, Attikis, GR-15310 Athens , Greece.,Scienomics SARL , 16 rue de l'Arcade , 75008 , Paris , France
| | - Loukas D Peristeras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Molecular Thermodynamics and Modelling of Materials Laboratory , National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Aghia Paraskevi, Attikis, GR-15310 Athens , Greece
| | - Andreas Bick
- Scienomics SARL , 16 rue de l'Arcade , 75008 , Paris , France
| | - Ioannis G Economou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Molecular Thermodynamics and Modelling of Materials Laboratory , National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Aghia Paraskevi, Attikis, GR-15310 Athens , Greece.,Chemical Engineering Program , Texas A&M University at Qatar , Education City , P.O. Box 23874, Doha , Qatar
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Matsubara H, Aratono M. Unique Interfacial Phenomena on Macroscopic and Colloidal Scales Induced by Two-Dimensional Phase Transitions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1989-2001. [PMID: 29925234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This feature article addresses a variety of unique macroscopic-scale and colloidal-scale interfacial phenomena, such as wetting transitions of oil droplets into molecularly thin films, spontaneous merging and splitting of oil droplets at air-water interfaces, solid monolayer and bilayer formation in mixed cationic surfactant/alkane adsorbed films, switching of foam-film thickness, and oil-in-water emulsion stability. All of these phenomena can be observed using commercial cationic surfactants, liquid alkanes, and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kyushu University , Motooka 744 , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Makoto Aratono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kyushu University , Motooka 744 , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
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Fu D, Liu Y, Gao X, Su Y, Liu G, Wang D. Binary n-Alkane Mixtures from Total Miscibility to Phase Separation in Microcapsules: Enrichment of Shorter Component in Surface Freezing and Enhanced Stability of Rotator Phases. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3099-105. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2125119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yunlan Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Freezing transition of wetting film of tetradecane on tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide solutions. Colloid Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yaminsky VV, Ohnishi S, Vogler EA, Horn RG. Stability of aqueous films between bubbles. Part 2. Effects of trace impurities and evaporation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8075-80. [PMID: 20146432 PMCID: PMC3671911 DOI: 10.1021/la904482n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The stability of water films has been investigated with a Mysels-Scheludko type film balance. Minor trace impurities in water do not affect the lifetime of water films under vapor saturation, but significantly influence the stability in free evaporation. Trace amounts of positively adsorbed contaminants induce Marangoni-driven flow that destabilizes films under evaporation conditions whereas negatively adsorbed electrolytes actually prolong stability by reversing interfacial tension gradients and driving a steady circulation within the film. At high thinning rates, pure-water films develop exotic-appearing flow patterns and break due to a strong coupling between hydrodynamic and interfacial tension-gradient adsorption stresses. The most dominant factor of transient film stabilization in dynamic conditions under evaporation is a surface tension gradient created in the film. We discuss surface tension gradients in transient films created by temperature differences, impurity concentration, and expansion of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassili V. Yaminsky
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Satomi Ohnishi
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Erwin A. Vogler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-5005
| | - Roger G. Horn
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- Institute of Research Training, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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Matsubara H, Ohtomi E, Aratono M, Bain CD. Wetting and Freezing of Hexadecane on an Aqueous Surfactant Solution: Triple Point in a 2-D film. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:11664-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802108v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - E. Ohtomi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - M. Aratono
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Colin D. Bain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Sloutskin E, Sapir Z, Bain CD, Lei Q, Wilkinson KM, Tamam L, Deutsch M, Ocko BM. Wetting, mixing, and phase transitions in Langmuir-Gibbs films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:136102. [PMID: 17930612 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.136102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Millimolar bulk concentrations of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) induce spreading of alkanes, H(CH(2))(n)H (denoted C(n)) 12< or =n< or =21, on the water surface, which is not otherwise wet by these alkanes. The novel Langmuir-Gibbs film (LGF) formed is a liquidlike monolayer comprising both alkanes and CTAB tails. Upon cooling, an ordering transition occurs, yielding a hexagonally packed, quasi-2D crystal. For 11< or =n< or =17 this surface-frozen LGF is a crystalline monolayer. For 18< or =n< or =21 the LGF is a bilayer with a crystalline, pure-alkane, upper monolayer, and a liquidlike lower monolayer. The phase diagram and film structure were determined by x-ray, ellipsometry, and surface tension measurements. A thermodynamic theory accounts quantitatively for the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sloutskin
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Zhang Y, Ou-Yang ZC, Iwamoto M. Surface freezing in normal alkanes: A statistical physics approach. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:214906. [PMID: 16774441 DOI: 10.1063/1.2204036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper aims to understand the surface freezing occurring on the interface between liquid normal alkane and air. After proposing a simple microscopic model, it reveals that the model can describe the surface freezing of normal alkanes. Subsequently, surface freezing is immediately proved to be a first order phase transition, which has been illustrated by numerous experiments. Moreover, our calculation predicts a new first order phase transition on the interface. These two transitions correspond to the liquid to monolayer and monolayer to perfect solid transitions, respectively. A phase diagram is obtained directly from the calculations as well. The model indicates that both van der Waals interaction and the entropy influenced by the surface are essential for explaining the surface phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- The Interdisciplinary Center of Theoretical Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Yaminsky VV. Bubble vortex at surfaces of evaporating liquids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 297:251-60. [PMID: 16297397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Revised: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Air bubble in volatile liquid on exiting to the surface spins a vortex maintaining integrity of the film over an indefinite period of time. The shear stress associated with the surface tension increase in the adiabatic evaporation cooling drags the warmer liquid inwards into the film counteracting its capillary drainage out under gravity. The chaotic patterns, visualized with the aid of light interferometry, depend on liquid volatility, degree of vapor saturation, and air convection. The circulation intensifies and the frequency of hydrodynamic instabilities in the multiphase flow increases on the transition to strong turbulent regimes with increasing evaporation rate. Self-consistency of the physical mechanisms of solute and evaporation inhibition of bubble coalescence is verified through dimensional parametric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Yaminsky
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
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Prasad S, Dhinojwala A. Rupture of a two-dimensional alkane crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:117801. [PMID: 16197048 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the breaking of a two-dimensional alkane crystal above the disordered melt using an oscillating bubble rheometer. Surface tension changes abruptly during the expansion and contraction cycle. We postulate that this is due to rupture of the 2D crystal at grain boundaries. The magnitude of the abrupt change in surface tension decreases with a decrease in the rate of change of bubble surface area with a power law exponent of 0.8. The interfacial area formed after rupture decreases with a decrease in rate. These results provide new insights in understanding defect-mediated rupture in confined geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Prasad
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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Sloutskin E, Bain CD, Ocko BM, Deutsch M. Surface freezing of chain molecules at the liquid–liquid and liquid–air interfaces. Faraday Discuss 2005; 129:339-52; discussion 353-66. [PMID: 15715317 DOI: 10.1039/b405969g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface freezing (SF) is the formation of a crystalline monolayer at the free surface of a melt at a temperature Ts, a few degrees above the bulk freezing temperature, Tb. This effect, i.e. Ts > Tb, common to many chain molecules, is in a marked contrast with the surface melting effect, i.e. Ts < or = Tb, shown by almost all other materials. Depending on chain length, n, the SF layer shows a variety of phases, in some cases tuneable by bulk additives. The SF behaviour of binary mixtures of different-length alkanes and alcohols is governed by the relative chain length mismatch, /delta n/n/2, yielding a quasi-"universal" behaviour for the freezing of both bulk and surface. While SF at the liquid air interface was studied rather extensively, Lei and Bain (Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004, 94, 176103) have shown only very recently that interfacial freezing (IF) can be induced also at the water: tetradecane interface by adding the ionic surfactant CTAB to the water phase. We present measurements of the interfacial tension of the water: hexadecane interface, as a function of temperature and the ionic surfactant STAB, revealing IF at a STAB-concentration-dependent temperature Ti > Tb. The measurements indicate that a single frozen monolayer is formed, with a temperature-existence range of up to 10 degrees C, much larger than the 1.2 degrees C found for SF at the free surface of the melt. We also find a new effect, where the IF allows tuning of the interfacial tension between the two bulk phases to zero for a range of temperatures, deltaT = Tmix - Tb < or = Ti - Tb by cooling the system below Ti. We discuss qualitatively the factors stabilizing the frozen layer and their variation from the liquid-air to the liquid-liquid interfaces. The surfactant concentration dependence of Ti is also discussed and a tentative theoretical explanation is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Sloutskin
- Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Lei Q, Bain CD. Surfactant-induced surface freezing at the alkane-water interface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:176103. [PMID: 15169172 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.176103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain alkanes exhibit surface freezing at the alkane-air but not the alkane-water interface. Ellipsometry and surface tensiometry are used to show that a simple cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), can induce surface freezing at the tetradecane-water interface even when present in mole fractions as low as 0.1. The surface-freezing temperature T(s) is a linear function of the interfacial excess of CTAB. The excess surface entropy below T(s), S(sigma)=-0.76+/-0.02 mJ K-1 m(-2), is consistent with a rotator phase. Ellipsometry provides strong evidence for a frozen monolayer in which the chains are oriented near the surface normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfang Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Sloutskin E, Kraack H, Gang O, Ocko BM, Sirota EB, Deutsch M. A thin–thick transition in the surface-frozen layer of a binary alcohol mixture. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1574313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shen VK, Debenedetti PG, Stillinger FH. Energy Landscape and Isotropic Tensile Strength of n-Alkane Glasses. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent K. Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Frank H. Stillinger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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Sloutskin E, Gang O, Kraack H, Ocko BM, Sirota EB, Deutsch M. Demixing transition in a quasi-two-dimensional surface-frozen layer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:065501. [PMID: 12190594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.065501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A thin/thick transition was observed by x-ray reflectivity in a surface-frozen crystalline bilayer on the surface of a molten binary mixture of long alcohols. This rare example of a solid-solid phase transition in a quasi-2D system is shown to result from an abrupt temperature-driven change in the layer's composition, kinetically enabled by the layer's ability to exchange molecules with the underlying 3D liquid bulk. Mean-field thermodynamics yields a Gibbs-adsorption-like expression which accounts very well for the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sloutskin
- Physics Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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Maeda N, Kohonen MM, Christenson HK. Phase Behavior of Long-Chain n-Alkanes at One and between Two Mica Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003874g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Maeda
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Mika M. Kohonen
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Hugo K. Christenson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Zhen Li H, Yamamoto T. The surface-ordered phase of n-nonadecane: A molecular dynamics simulation. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1351162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Heni M, Lowen H. Surface freezing on patterned substrates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:3668-3671. [PMID: 11030977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We show that the structure of a substrate pattern drastically influences the nature of surface freezing. By using phenomenological theory and computer simulations of a hard sphere fluid next to a substrate formed by a periodic array of fixed spheres, we find that a pattern which is commensurate with the bulk crystal induces complete surface freezing through a cascade of layering transitions. A rhombic pattern, on the other hand, either generates a crystalline sheet which is unstable as a bulk phase or prohibits surface freezing completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heni
- Institut fur Theoretische Physik II, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Universitatsstrasse 1, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
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22
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Shimizu T, Yamamoto T. Melting and crystallization in thin film of n-alkanes: A molecular dynamics simulation. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1287062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Maeda N, Kohonen MM, Christenson HK. Phase transition of n-alkane layers adsorbed on mica. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 61:7239-42. [PMID: 11088429 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.7239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/1999] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Thin (thickness h approximately 3 nm) films of n-octadecane and n-hexadecane adsorbed on mica surfaces from vapor close to their bulk melting points (T(m)) have been studied in a surface force apparatus. Using data on the growth rate of capillary condensates between the mica surfaces in contact and measurements of h, we have identified a transition in the structure of the adsorbed films a few degrees above T(m). As T decreases the alkane layers appear to undergo a transition to a more ordered structure, akin to the postulated "surface freezing" of long-chain liquid n-alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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