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Haselschwardt SJ, Lenardo BG, Daniels T, Finch SW, Friesen FQL, Howell CR, Malone CR, Mancil E, Tornow W. Observation of Low-Lying Isomeric States in ^{136}Cs: A New Avenue for Dark Matter and Solar Neutrino Detection in Xenon Detectors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:052502. [PMID: 37595235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.052502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We report on new measurements establishing the existence of low-lying isomeric states in ^{136}Cs using γ rays produced in ^{136}Xe(p,n)^{136}Cs reactions. Two states with O(100) ns lifetimes are placed in the decay sequence of the ^{136}Cs levels that are populated in charged-current interactions of solar neutrinos and fermionic dark matter with ^{136}Xe. Xenon-based experiments can therefore exploit a delayed-coincidence tag of these interactions, greatly suppressing backgrounds to enable spectroscopic studies of solar neutrinos and dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Haselschwardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Daniels
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - S W Finch
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - F Q L Friesen
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C R Howell
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C R Malone
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Mancil
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - W Tornow
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Bandac IC, Barabash AS, Bergé L, Borovlev YA, Calvo-Mozota JM, Carniti P, Chapellier M, Dafinei I, Danevich FA, Dumoulin L, Ferri F, Giuliani A, Gotti C, Gras P, Grigorieva VD, Ianni A, Khalife H, Kobychev VV, Konovalov SI, Loaiza P, Madhukuttan M, Makarov EP, de Marcillac P, Marnieros S, Marrache-Kikuchi CA, Martinez M, Nones C, Olivieri E, Ortiz de Solórzano A, Pessina G, Poda DV, Redon T, Scarpaci JA, Shlegel VN, Tretyak VI, Umatov VI, Zarytskyy MM, Zolotarova A. Li 2100deplMoO 4 Scintillating Bolometers for Rare-Event Search Experiments. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5465. [PMID: 37420632 DOI: 10.3390/s23125465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of scintillating bolometers based on lithium molybdate crystals that contain molybdenum that has depleted into the double-β active isotope 100Mo (Li2100deplMoO4). We used two Li2100deplMoO4 cubic samples, each of which consisted of 45-millimeter sides and had a mass of 0.28 kg; these samples were produced following the purification and crystallization protocols developed for double-β search experiments with 100Mo-enriched Li2MoO4 crystals. Bolometric Ge detectors were utilized to register the scintillation photons that were emitted by the Li2100deplMoO4 crystal scintillators. The measurements were performed in the CROSS cryogenic set-up at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (Spain). We observed that the Li2100deplMoO4 scintillating bolometers were characterized by an excellent spectrometric performance (∼3-6 keV of FWHM at 0.24-2.6 MeV γs), moderate scintillation signal (∼0.3-0.6 keV/MeV scintillation-to-heat energy ratio, depending on the light collection conditions), and high radiopurity (228Th and 226Ra activities are below a few µBq/kg), which is comparable with the best reported results of low-temperature detectors that are based on Li2MoO4 using natural or 100Mo-enriched molybdenum content. The prospects of Li2100deplMoO4 bolometers for use in rare-event search experiments are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulian C Bandac
- Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, 22880 Canfranc-Estación, Spain
| | - Alexander S Barabash
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov Complex of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - Laurent Bergé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Yury A Borovlev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - José Maria Calvo-Mozota
- Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, 22880 Canfranc-Estación, Spain
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Paolo Carniti
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Fedor A Danevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of NASU, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Louis Dumoulin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Federico Ferri
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrea Giuliani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Claudio Gotti
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Philippe Gras
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Aldo Ianni
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - Hawraa Khalife
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Sergey I Konovalov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov Complex of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pia Loaiza
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - Evgeny P Makarov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Maria Martinez
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- ARAID Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Claudia Nones
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | - Denys V Poda
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thierry Redon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | | | | | - Volodymyr I Tretyak
- Institute for Nuclear Research of NASU, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - Vladimir I Umatov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov Complex of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117218 Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Inorganic crystal scintillators play a crucial role in particle detection for various applications in fundamental physics and applied science. The use of such materials as scintillating bolometers, which operate at temperatures as low as 10 mK and detect both heat (phonon) and scintillation signals, significantly extends detectors performance compared to the conventional scintillation counters. In particular, such low-temperature devices offer a high energy resolution in a wide energy interval thanks to a phonon signal detection, while a simultaneous registration of scintillation emitted provides an efficient particle identification tool. This feature is of great importance for a background identification and rejection. Combined with a large variety of elements of interest, which can be embedded in crystal scintillators, scintillating bolometers represent powerful particle detectors for rare-event searches (e.g., rare alpha and beta decays, double-beta decay, dark matter particles, neutrino detection). Here, we review the features and results of low-temperature scintillation detection achieved over a 30-year history of developments of scintillating bolometers and their use in rare-event search experiments.
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Vergados JD, Ejiri H, Simkovic F. Theory of neutrinoless double-beta decay. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:106301. [PMID: 22960254 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/10/106301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Neutrinoless double-beta decay, which is a very old and yet elusive process, is reviewed. Its observation will signal that the lepton number is not conserved and that the neutrinos are Majorana particles. More importantly it is our best hope for determining the absolute neutrino-mass scale at the level of a few tens of meV. To achieve the last goal certain hurdles must be overcome involving particle, nuclear and experimental physics. Nuclear physics is important for extracting useful information from the data. One must accurately evaluate the relevant nuclear matrix elements--a formidable task. To this end, we review the sophisticated nuclear structure approaches which have recently been developed, and which give confidence that the required nuclear matrix elements can be reliably calculated employing different methods: (a) the various versions of the quasiparticle random phase approximations, (b) the interacting boson model, (c) the energy density functional method and (d) the large basis interacting shell model. It is encouraging that, for the light neutrino-mass term at least, these vastly different approaches now give comparable results. From an experimental point of view it is challenging, since the life times are long and one has to fight against formidable backgrounds. One needs large isotopically enriched sources and detectors with high-energy resolution, low thresholds and very low background. If a signal is found, it will be a tremendous accomplishment. The real task then, of course, will be the extraction of the neutrino mass from the observations. This is not trivial, since current particle models predict the presence of many mechanisms other than the neutrino mass, which may contribute to or even dominate this process. In particular, we will consider the following processes: The neutrino induced, but neutrino-mass independent contribution. Heavy left and/or right-handed neutrino-mass contributions. Intermediate scalars (doubly charged, etc). Supersymmetric (SUSY) contributions. We will show that it is possible to disentangle the various mechanisms and unambiguously extract the important neutrino-mass scale, if all the signatures of the reaction are searched for in a sufficient number of nuclear isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Vergados
- Theoretical Physics Division, University of Ioannina, GR-451 10, Ioannina, Greece.
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Nomachi M, Doe P, Ejiri H, Elliott S, Engel J, Finger M, Formaggio J, Fushimi K, Gehman V, Gorin A, Greenfield M, Hazama R, Ichihara K, Ikegami Y, Ishii H, Itahashi T, Kavitov P, Kekelidze V, Kuroda K, Kutsalo V, Manouilov I, Matsuoka K, Nakamura H, Ogama T, Para A, Rielage K, Rjazantsev A, Robertson R, Shichijo Y, Shima T, Shimada Y, Shirkov G, Sissakian A, Sugaya Y, Titov A, Vatulin V, Vilches O, Voronov V, Wilkerson J, Will D, Yoshida S. MOON (Mo Observatory Of Neutrinos) for double beta decay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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