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Mukherjee P, Paddison JAM, Xu C, Ruff Z, Wildes AR, Keen DA, Smith RI, Grey CP, Dutton SE. Sample Dependence of Magnetism in the Next-Generation Cathode Material LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:263-271. [PMID: 33320647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a structural and magnetic study of two batches of polycrystalline LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (commonly known as Li NMC 811), a Ni-rich Li ion battery cathode material, using elemental analysis, X-ray and neutron diffraction, magnetometry, and polarized neutron scattering measurements. We find that the samples, labeled S1 and S2, have the composition Li1-xNi0.9+x-yMnyCo0.1O2, with x = 0.025(2), y = 0.120(2) for S1 and x = 0.002(2), y = 0.094(2) for S2, corresponding to different concentrations of magnetic ions and excess Ni2+ in the Li+ layers. Both samples show a peak in the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) dc susceptibility at 8.0(2) K, but the temperature at which the ZFC and FC (field-cooled) curves deviate is substantially different: 64(2) K for S1 and 122(2) K for S2. The ac susceptibility measurements show that the transition for S1 shifts with frequency whereas no such shift is observed for S2 within the resolution of our measurements. Our results demonstrate the sample dependence of magnetic properties in Li NMC 811, consistent with previous reports on the parent material LiNiO2. We further establish that a combination of experimental techniques is necessary to accurately determine the chemical composition of next-generation battery materials with multiple cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A M Paddison
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Churchill College, University of Cambridge, Storey's Way, Cambridge CB3 0DS, United Kingdom.,Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Chao Xu
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary Ruff
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Wildes
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Cedex 9, Grenoble, France
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P Grey
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Siân E Dutton
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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Sow C, Anil Kumar PS. Evolution of ferromagnetism from a frustrated state in LixNi(2-x)O2 (0.67 < x < 0.98). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:496001. [PMID: 24184916 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/49/496001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional triangular-lattice antiferromagnetic systems continue to be an interesting area in condensed matter physics and LiNiO2 is one such among them. Here we present a detailed experimental magnetic study of the quasi-stoichiometric LixNi2-xO2 system (0.67 < x < 0.98). It exhibits a variety of magnetic ground states-namely spin glass, cluster glass, re-entrant spin glass and ferromagnetic. This study deals with the magnetic properties of these four distinct ground states. The spin glass state is evidenced by the frequency-dependent peak shift as well as the time-dependent slow dynamics (magnetic relaxation, magnetic memory effect etc). By tuning the Li deficiency in a controlled manner, an increase in the ordering temperature is observed. Most strikingly, with the Li deficiency the nature of the magnetic ground state is changed from spin glass to ferromagnetic, with two intermediate states-namely cluster glass and re-entrant spin glass. The critical behaviour of the re-entrant spin glass is also studied here. The critical exponents (β, γ and δ) are extracted from the modified Arrot plot, Kouvel-Fisher method, and critical isotherm analysis. The critical exponents match with the long-range mean-field model. The values of the critical exponents are confirmed by the Widom scaling law: δ = 1 + γβ(-1). Furthermore, the universality class of the scaling relations is verified, where the scaled m and scaled h collapse into two branches. Finally, based on our observations, a phase diagram is constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sow
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Nakatsuji S, Kuga K, Kimura K, Satake R, Katayama N, Nishibori E, Sawa H, Ishii R, Hagiwara M, Bridges F, Ito TU, Higemoto W, Karaki Y, Halim M, Nugroho AA, Rodriguez-Rivera JA, Green MA, Broholm C. Spin-Orbital Short-Range Order on a Honeycomb-Based Lattice. Science 2012; 336:559-63. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1212154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Petit L, Stocks GM, Egami T, Szotek Z, Temmerman WM. Ground state valency and spin configuration of the Ni ions in nickelates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:146405. [PMID: 17155276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.146405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The ab initio self-interaction-corrected local-spin-density approximation is used to study the electronic structure of both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric nickelates. From total energy considerations it emerges that, in their ground state, both LiNiO2 and NaNiO2 are insulators, with the Ni ion in the Ni3+ low-spin state (t(2g)(6)e(g)(1)) configuration. It is established that a substitution of a number of Li/Na atoms by divalent impurities drives an equivalent number of Ni ions in the NiO2 layers from the Jahn-Teller (JT)-active trivalent low-spin state to the JT-inactive divalent state. We describe how the observed considerable differences between LiNiO2 and NaNiO2 can be explained through the creation of Ni2+ impurities in LiNiO2. The indications are that the random distribution of the Ni2+ impurities might be responsible for the destruction of the long-range orbital ordering in LiNiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Petit
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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Mostovoy MV, Khomskii DI. Orbital ordering in frustrated Jahn-Teller systems with 90 degrees exchange. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:227203. [PMID: 12485100 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.227203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We show that superexchange interactions in frustrated Jahn-Teller systems with transition metal ions connected by the 90 degrees metal-oxygen-metal bonds (e.g., NaNiO2, LiNiO2, and ZnMn2O4) are much different from those in materials with the 180 degrees bonds. In the 90 degrees -exchange systems spins and orbitals are decoupled: the spin exchange is much weaker than the orbital one and it is ferromagnetic for all orbital states. Though the mean-field orbital ground state is strongly degenerate, quantum orbital fluctuations select particular ferro-orbital states. We explain the orbital and magnetic ordering observed in NaNiO2 and show that LiNiO2 is not a spin-orbital liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Mostovoy
- Materials Science Center Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, The Netherlands
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