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Urvoy A, Vendeiro Z, Ramette J, Adiyatullin A, Vuletić V. Direct Laser Cooling to Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dipole Trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:203202. [PMID: 31172763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.203202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for producing three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates using only laser cooling. The phase transition to condensation is crossed with 2.5×10^{4} ^{87}Rb atoms at a temperature of T_{c}=0.6 μK after 1.4 s of cooling. Atoms are trapped in a crossed optical dipole trap and cooled using Raman cooling with far-off-resonant optical pumping light to reduce atom loss and heating. The achieved temperatures are well below the effective recoil temperature. We find that during the final cooling stage at atomic densities above 10^{14} cm^{-3}, careful tuning of trap depth and optical-pumping rate is necessary to evade heating and loss mechanisms. The method may enable the fast production of quantum degenerate gases in a variety of systems including fermions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Urvoy
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zachary Vendeiro
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Ramette
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Albert Adiyatullin
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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2
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Lous RS, Fritsche I, Jag M, Lehmann F, Kirilov E, Huang B, Grimm R. Probing the Interface of a Phase-Separated State in a Repulsive Bose-Fermi Mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:243403. [PMID: 29956951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.243403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We probe the interface between a phase-separated Bose-Fermi mixture consisting of a small Bose-Einstein condensate of ^{41}K residing in a large Fermi sea of ^{6}Li. We quantify the residual spatial overlap between the two components by measuring three-body recombination losses for variable strength of the interspecies repulsion. A comparison with a numerical mean-field model highlights the importance of the kinetic energy term for the condensed bosons in maintaining the thin interface far into the phase-separated regime. Our results demonstrate a corresponding smoothing of the phase transition in a system of finite size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne S Lous
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabella Fritsche
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Jag
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Lehmann
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emil Kirilov
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bo Huang
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Grimm
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Semeghini G, Ferioli G, Masi L, Mazzinghi C, Wolswijk L, Minardi F, Modugno M, Modugno G, Inguscio M, Fattori M. Self-Bound Quantum Droplets of Atomic Mixtures in Free Space. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:235301. [PMID: 29932719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.235301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-bound quantum droplets are a newly discovered phase in the context of ultracold atoms. In this Letter, we report their experimental realization following the original proposal by Petrov [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 155302 (2015)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.115.155302], using an attractive bosonic mixture. In this system, spherical droplets form due to the balance of competing attractive and repulsive forces, provided by the mean-field energy close to the collapse threshold and the first-order correction due to quantum fluctuations. Thanks to an optical levitating potential with negligible residual confinement, we observe self-bound droplets in free space, and we characterize the conditions for their formation as well as their size and composition. This work sets the stage for future studies on quantum droplets, from the measurement of their peculiar excitation spectrum to the exploration of their superfluid nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Semeghini
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR Istituto Nazionale Ottica, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Ferioli
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR Istituto Nazionale Ottica, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Masi
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR Istituto Nazionale Ottica, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Mazzinghi
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Wolswijk
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F Minardi
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR Istituto Nazionale Ottica, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Modugno
- Departamento de Física Teórica e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad del Pais Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - G Modugno
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR Istituto Nazionale Ottica, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Inguscio
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR Istituto Nazionale Ottica, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Fattori
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CNR Istituto Nazionale Ottica, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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4
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Spethmann N, Kindermann F, John S, Weber C, Meschede D, Widera A. Dynamics of single neutral impurity atoms immersed in an ultracold gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:235301. [PMID: 23368215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.235301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on controlled doping of an ultracold Rb gas with single neutral Cs impurity atoms. Elastic two-body collisions lead to a rapid thermalization of the impurity inside the Rb gas, representing the first realization of an ultracold gas doped with a precisely known number of impurity atoms interacting via s-wave collisions. Inelastic interactions are restricted to a single three-body recombination channel in a highly controlled and pure setting, which allows us to determine the Rb-Rb-Cs three-body loss rate with unprecedented precision. Our results pave the way for a coherently interacting hybrid system of individually controllable impurities in a quantum many-body system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Spethmann
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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5
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Machtey O, Kessler DA, Khaykovich L. Universal dimer in a collisionally opaque medium: experimental observables and Efimov resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:130403. [PMID: 22540683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A universal dimer is subject to secondary collisions with atoms when formed in a cloud of ultracold atoms via three-body recombination. We show that in a collisionally opaque medium, the value of the scattering length that results in the maximum number of secondary collisions may not correspond to the Efimov resonance at the atom-dimer threshold and thus cannot be automatically associated with it. This result explains a number of controversies in recent experimental results on universal three-body states and supports the emerging evidence for the significant finite range corrections to the first excited Efimov energy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Machtey
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel
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Pollack SE, Dries D, Hulet RG. Universality in Three- and Four-Body Bound States of Ultracold Atoms. Science 2009; 326:1683-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1182840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Pollack
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Daniel Dries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Randall G. Hulet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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7
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van der Stam KMR, van Ooijen ED, Meppelink R, Vogels JM, van der Straten P. Large atom number Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:013102. [PMID: 17503902 DOI: 10.1063/1.2424439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe the setup to create a large Bose-Einstein condensate containing more than 120 x 10(6) atoms. In the experiment a thermal beam is slowed by a Zeeman slower and captured in a dark-spot magneto-optical trap (MOT). A typical dark-spot MOT in our experiments contains 2.0 x 10(10) atoms with a temperature of 320 microK and a density of about 1.0 x 10(11) atoms/cm(3). The sample is spin polarized in a high magnetic field before the atoms are loaded in the magnetic trap. Spin polarizing in a high magnetic field results in an increase in the transfer efficiency by a factor of 2 compared to experiments without spin polarizing. In the magnetic trap the cloud is cooled to degeneracy in 50 s by evaporative cooling. To suppress the three-body losses at the end of the evaporation, the magnetic trap is decompressed in the axial direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M R van der Stam
- Atom Optics and Ultrafast Dynamics, Utrecht University, TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sirjean O, Seidelin S, Gomes JV, Boiron D, Westbrook CI, Aspect A, Shlyapnikov GV. Ionization rates in a bose-einstein condensate of metastable helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:220406. [PMID: 12485057 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.220406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have studied ionizing collisions in a BEC of metastable He. Measurements of the ion production rate combined with measurements of the density and number of atoms for the same sample allow us to estimate both the two- and three-body contributions to this rate. A comparison with the decay of the atom number indicates that ionizing collisions are largely or wholly responsible for the loss. Quantum depletion makes a substantial correction to the three-body rate constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sirjean
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique, UMR 8501 du CNRS, F-91403 Orsay Cedex, France
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