1
|
Peschel J, Busto D, Plach M, Bertolino M, Hoflund M, Maclot S, Vinbladh J, Wikmark H, Zapata F, Lindroth E, Gisselbrecht M, Dahlström JM, L'Huillier A, Eng-Johnsson P. Attosecond dynamics of multi-channel single photon ionization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5205. [PMID: 36057622 PMCID: PMC9440915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoionization of atoms and molecules is one of the fastest processes in nature. The understanding of the ultrafast temporal dynamics of this process often requires the characterization of the different angular momentum channels over a broad energy range. Using a two-photon interferometry technique based on extreme ultraviolet and infrared ultrashort pulses, we measure the phase and amplitude of the individual angular momentum channels as a function of kinetic energy in the outer-shell photoionization of neon. This allows us to unravel the influence of channel interference as well as the effect of the short-range, Coulomb and centrifugal potentials, on the dynamics of the photoionization process. Understanding of photoionization dynamics, one of the fastest processes in nature, requires the characterization of all underlying ionization channels. Here the authors use an interferometry technique based on attosecond pulses to measure the phase and amplitude of the individual angular momentum channels in the photoionization of neon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Peschel
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Busto
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.,Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marius Plach
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Bertolino
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Hoflund
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Maclot
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Vinbladh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hampus Wikmark
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Felipe Zapata
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindroth
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anne L'Huillier
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Eng-Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bacellar C, Chatterley AS, Lackner F, Pemmaraju CD, Tanyag RMP, Verma D, Bernando C, O'Connell SMO, Bucher M, Ferguson KR, Gorkhover T, Coffee RN, Coslovich G, Ray D, Osipov T, Neumark DM, Bostedt C, Vilesov AF, Gessner O. Anisotropic Surface Broadening and Core Depletion during the Evolution of a Strong-Field Induced Nanoplasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:073201. [PMID: 36018694 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.073201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strong-field ionization of nanoscale clusters provides excellent opportunities to study the complex correlated electronic and nuclear dynamics of near-solid density plasmas. Yet, monitoring ultrafast, nanoscopic dynamics in real-time is challenging, which often complicates a direct comparison between theory and experiment. Here, near-infrared laser-induced plasma dynamics in ∼600 nm diameter helium droplets are studied by femtosecond time-resolved x-ray coherent diffractive imaging. An anisotropic, ∼20 nm wide surface region, defined as the range where the density lies between 10% and 90% of the core value, is established within ∼100 fs, in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. At longer timescales, however, the width of this region remains largely constant while the radius of the dense plasma core shrinks at average rates of ≈71 nm/ps along and ≈33 nm/ps perpendicular to the laser polarization. These dynamics are not captured by previous plasma expansion models. The observations are phenomenologically described within a numerical simulation; details of the underlying physics, however, remain to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bacellar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Adam S Chatterley
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Florian Lackner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C D Pemmaraju
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rico Mayro P Tanyag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Deepak Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Charles Bernando
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Sean M O O'Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ken R Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryan N Coffee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Giacomo Coslovich
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dipanwita Ray
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Timur Osipov
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ponzi A, Sapunar M, Došlić N, Decleva P. Discrimination of Excited States of Acetylacetone through Theoretical Molecular-Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061811. [PMID: 35335181 PMCID: PMC8951278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron angular distribution (PAD) in the laboratory frame for randomly oriented molecules is typically described by a single anisotropy parameter, the so-called asymmetry parameter. However, especially from a theoretical perspective, it is more natural to consider molecular photoionization by using a molecular frame. The molecular frame PADs (MFPADs) may be used to extract information about the electronic structure of the system studied. In the last decade, significant experimental efforts have been directed to MFPAD measurements. MFPADs are highly characterizing signatures of the final ionic states. In particular, they are very sensitive to the nature of the final state, which is embodied in the corresponding Dyson orbital. In our previous work on acetylacetone, a prototype system for studying intra-molecular hydrogen bond interactions, we followed the dynamics of the excited states involved in the photoexcitation-deexcitation process of this molecule. It remains to be explored the possibility of discriminating between different excited states through the MFPAD profiles. The calculation of MFPADs to differentiate excited states can pave the way to the possibility of a clear discrimination for all the cases where the recognition of excited states is otherwise intricate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Ponzi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (N.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Marin Sapunar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Nadja Došlić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Piero Decleva
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali IOM-CNR and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dowek D, Decleva P. Trends in angle-resolved molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24614-24654. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective article, main trends of angle-resolved molecular photoelectron spectroscopy in the laboratory up to the molecular frame, in different regimes of light-matter interactions, are highlighted with emphasis on foundations and most recent applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Dowek
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Piero Decleva
- CNR IOM and Dipartimento DSCF, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Veyrinas K, Saquet N, Marggi Poullain S, Lebech M, Houver JC, Lucchese RR, Dowek D. Dissociative photoionization of NO across a shape resonance in the XUV range using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:174305. [PMID: 31703511 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report benchmark results for dissociative photoionization (DPI) spectroscopy and dynamics of the NO molecule in the region of the σ* shape resonance in the ionization leading to the NO+(c3Π) ionic state. The experimental study combines well characterized extreme ultraviolet (XUV) circularly polarized synchrotron radiation, delivered at the DESIRS beamline (SOLEIL), with ion-electron coincidence 3D momentum spectroscopy. The measured (N+, e) kinetic energy correlation diagrams reported at four discrete photon energies in the extended 23-33 eV energy range allow for resolving the different active DPI reactions and underline the importance of spectrally resolved studies using synchrotron radiation in the context of time-resolved studies where photoionization is induced by broadband XUV attosecond pulses. In the dominant DPI reaction which leads to the NO+(c3Π) ionic state, photoionization dynamics across the σ* shape resonance are probed by molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions where the parallel and perpendicular transitions are highlighted, as well as the circular dichroism CDAD(θe) in the molecular frame. The latter also constitute benchmark references for molecular polarimetry. The measured dynamical parameters are well described by multichannel Schwinger configuration interaction calculations. Similar results are obtained for the DPI spectroscopy of highly excited NO+ electronic states populated in the explored XUV photon energy range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Veyrinas
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - N Saquet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - S Marggi Poullain
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Lebech
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J-C Houver
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - R R Lucchese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Dowek
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paul M, Yue L, Gräfe S. Imprints of the Molecular Electronic Structure in the Photoelectron Spectra of Strong-Field Ionized Asymmetric Triatomic Model Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:233202. [PMID: 29932725 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.233202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examine the circular dichroism in the angular distribution of photoelectrons of triatomic model systems ionized by strong-field ionization. Following our recent work on this effect [Paul, Yue, and Gräfe, J. Mod. Opt. 64, 1104 (2017)JMOPEW0950-034010.1080/09500340.2017.1299883], we demonstrate how the symmetry and electronic structure of the system is imprinted into the photoelectron momentum distribution. We use classical trajectories to reveal the origin of the threefolded pattern in the photoelectron momentum distribution, and show how an asymmetric nuclear configuration of the triatomic system effects the photoelectron spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Paul
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center for Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lun Yue
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center for Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center for Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marceau C, Makhija V, Platzer D, Naumov AY, Corkum PB, Stolow A, Villeneuve DM, Hockett P. Molecular Frame Reconstruction Using Time-Domain Photoionization Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:083401. [PMID: 28952763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.083401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoionization of molecular species is, essentially, a multipath interferometer with both experimentally controllable and intrinsic molecular characteristics. In this work, XUV photoionization of impulsively aligned molecular targets (N_{2}) is used to provide a time-domain route to "complete" photoionization experiments, in which the rotational wave packet controls the geometric part of the photoionization interferometer. The data obtained is sufficient to determine the magnitudes and phases of the ionization matrix elements for all observed channels, and to reconstruct molecular frame interferograms from lab frame measurements. In principle, this methodology provides a time-domain route to complete photoionization experiments and the molecular frame, which is generally applicable to any molecule (no prerequisites), for all energies and ionization channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Marceau
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Varun Makhija
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dominique Platzer
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - A Yu Naumov
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - P B Corkum
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curies, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N6, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - D M Villeneuve
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Paul Hockett
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Veyrinas K, Gruson V, Weber SJ, Barreau L, Ruchon T, Hergott JF, Houver JC, Lucchese RR, Salières P, Dowek D. Molecular frame photoemission by a comb of elliptical high-order harmonics: a sensitive probe of both photodynamics and harmonic complete polarization state. Faraday Discuss 2016; 194:161-183. [PMID: 27853775 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00137h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the intimate anisotropic interaction between an XUV light field and a molecule resulting in photoionization (PI), molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) are most sensitive probes of both electronic/nuclear dynamics and the polarization state of the ionizing light field. Consequently, they encode the complex dipole matrix elements describing the dynamics of the PI transition, as well as the three normalized Stokes parameters s1, s2, s3 characterizing the complete polarization state of the light, operating as molecular polarimetry. The remarkable development of advanced light sources delivering attosecond XUV pulses opens the perspective to visualize the primary steps of photochemical dynamics in time-resolved studies, at the natural attosecond to few femtosecond time-scales of electron dynamics and fast nuclear motion. It is thus timely to investigate the feasibility of measurement of MFPADs when PI is induced e.g., by an attosecond pulse train (APT) corresponding to a comb of discrete high-order harmonics. In the work presented here, we report MFPAD studies based on coincident electron-ion 3D momentum imaging in the context of ultrafast molecular dynamics investigated at the PLFA facility (CEA-SLIC), with two perspectives: (i) using APTs generated in atoms/molecules as a source for MFPAD-resolved PI studies, and (ii) taking advantage of molecular polarimetry to perform a complete polarization analysis of the harmonic emission of molecules, a major challenge of high harmonic spectroscopy. Recent results illustrating both aspects are reported for APTs generated in unaligned SF6 molecules by an elliptically polarized infrared driving field. The observed fingerprints of the elliptically polarized harmonics include the first direct determination of the complete s1, s2, s3 Stokes vector, equivalent to (ψ, ε, P), the orientation and the signed ellipticity of the polarization ellipse, and the degree of polarization P. They are compared to so far incomplete results of XUV optical polarimetry. We finally discuss the comparison between the outcomes of photoionization and high harmonic spectroscopy for the description of molecular photodynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Veyrinas
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
| | - V Gruson
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - S J Weber
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Barreau
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - T Ruchon
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-F Hergott
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-C Houver
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
| | - R R Lucchese
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - P Salières
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Dowek
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boll R, Rouzée A, Adolph M, Anielski D, Aquila A, Bari S, Bomme C, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Chapman HN, Christensen L, Coffee R, Coppola N, De S, Decleva P, Epp SW, Erk B, Filsinger F, Foucar L, Gorkhover T, Gumprecht L, Hömke A, Holmegaard L, Johnsson P, Kienitz JS, Kierspel T, Krasniqi F, Kühnel KU, Maurer J, Messerschmidt M, Moshammer R, Müller NLM, Rudek B, Savelyev E, Schlichting I, Schmidt C, Scholz F, Schorb S, Schulz J, Seltmann J, Stener M, Stern S, Techert S, Thøgersen J, Trippel S, Viefhaus J, Vrakking M, Stapelfeldt H, Küpper J, Ullrich J, Rudenko A, Rolles D. Imaging molecular structure through femtosecond photoelectron diffraction on aligned and oriented gas-phase molecules. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:57-80. [PMID: 25290160 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper gives an account of our progress towards performing femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules in a pump-probe setup combining optical lasers and an X-ray free-electron laser. We present results of two experiments aimed at measuring photoelectron angular distributions of laser-aligned 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (C(8)H(5)F) and dissociating, laser-aligned 1,4-dibromobenzene (C(6)H(4)Br(2)) molecules and discuss them in the larger context of photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules. We also show how the strong nanosecond laser pulse used for adiabatically laser-aligning the molecules influences the measured electron and ion spectra and angular distributions, and discuss how this may affect the outcome of future time-resolved photoelectron diffraction experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Boll
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hockett P, Wollenhaupt M, Lux C, Baumert T. Complete photoionization experiments via ultrafast coherent control with polarization multiplexing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:223001. [PMID: 24949763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.223001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) obtained from ionization of potassium atoms using moderately intense femtosecond IR fields (∼10^{12} W cm^{-2}) of various polarization states are shown to provide a route to "complete" photoionization experiments. Ionization occurs by a net three-photon absorption process, driven via the 4s→4p resonance at the one-photon level. A theoretical treatment incorporating the intrapulse electronic dynamics allows for a full set of ionization matrix elements to be extracted from 2D imaging data. 3D PADs generated from the extracted matrix elements are also compared to experimental, tomographically reconstructed, 3D photoelectron distributions, providing a sensitive test of their validity. Finally, application of the determined matrix elements to ionization via more complex, polarization-shaped, pulses is demonstrated, illustrating the utility of this methodology towards detailed understanding of complex ionization control schemes and suggesting the utility of such "multiplexed" intrapulse processes as powerful tools for measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Hockett
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1M 1R6, Canada
| | - M Wollenhaupt
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - C Lux
- Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - T Baumert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stener M, Decleva P, Mizuno T, Yoshida H, Yagishita A. Off-resonance photoemission dynamics studied by recoil frame F1s and C1s photoelectron angular distributions of CH3F. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:044305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4862267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
12
|
Bomme C, Guillemin R, Marin T, Journel L, Marchenko T, Dowek D, Trcera N, Pilette B, Avila A, Ringuenet H, Kushawaha RK, Simon M. Double momentum spectrometer for ion-electron vector correlations in dissociative photoionization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:103104. [PMID: 24182098 DOI: 10.1063/1.4824194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new momentum spectrometer dedicated to momentum vector correlations in the context of deep core photoionization of atomic and molecular species in the gas phase. In this article, we describe the design and operation of the experimental setup. The capabilities of the apparatus are illustrated with a set of measurements done on the sulphur core 1s photoionization of gas-phase CS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bomme
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mizuno T, Adachi J, Miyauchi N, Kazama M, Stener M, Decleva P, Yagishita A. Recoil frame photoelectron angular distributions of BF3: A sensitive probe of the shape resonance in the F 1s continuum. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:074305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3687006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
14
|
Kuznetsov VV, Semenov SK, Cherepkov NA. Photoionization of fixed-in-space molecules by partially polarized light. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:134301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3574007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
15
|
Vallance C. Generation, characterisation, and applications of atomic and molecular alignment and orientation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:14427-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Suzuki YI, Suzuki T. Determination of ionization dynamical parameters by time-resolved photoelectron imaging. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701551864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
18
|
Yamazaki M, Adachi JI, Kimura Y, Stener M, Decleva P, Yagishita A. N 1s photoelectron angular distributions from fixed-in-space NO2 molecules: Stereodynamics and symmetry considerations. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:164301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3505549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
19
|
Dowek D, Pérez-Torres JF, Picard YJ, Billaud P, Elkharrat C, Houver JC, Sanz-Vicario JL, Martín F. Circular dichroism in photoionization of H2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:233003. [PMID: 20867233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.233003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism is a consequence of chirality. However, nonchiral molecules can also exhibit it when the measurement itself introduces chirality, e.g., when measuring molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions. The few such experiments performed on homonuclear diatomic molecules show that, as expected, circular dichroism vanishes when the molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions are integrated over the polar electron emission angle. Here we show that this is not the case in resonant dissociative ionization of H2 for photons of 30-35 eV, which is the consequence of the delayed ionization from molecular doubly excited states into ionic states of different inversion symmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Dowek
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (FRE 3363 Université Paris-Sud et CNRS), Bat 350, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hockett P, Staniforth M, Reid KL, Townsend D. Rotationally resolved photoelectron angular distributions from a nonlinear polyatomic molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:253002. [PMID: 19659072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.253002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present, for the first time, rotationally resolved photoelectron images resulting from the ionization of a polyatomic molecule. Photoelectron angular distributions pertaining to the formation of individual rotational levels of NH3+ have been extracted from the images and analyzed to enable a complete determination of the radial dipole matrix elements and relative phases that describe the ionization dynamics. This determination leads to the deduction of significantly different dynamics from those extracted in previous studies which lacked either angular information or rotational resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hockett
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dowek D, J. Picard Y, Billaud P, Elkharrat C, C. Houver J. Molecular Frame Photoemission: Probe of the Photoionization Dynamics for Molecules in the Gas Phase. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/22/02/178-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
22
|
Rolles D, Prümper G, Fukuzawa H, Liu XJ, Pesić ZD, Fink RF, Grum-Grzhimailo AN, Dumitriu I, Berrah N, Ueda K. Molecular-frame angular distributions of resonant CO:C(1s) Auger electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:263002. [PMID: 19437639 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.263002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The molecular-frame angular distributions of resonantly excited CO:C(1s) --> pi* Auger electrons were determined using angle-resolved electron-ion coincidence spectroscopy in combination with a novel transformation procedure. Our new methodology yields full three-dimensional electron angular distributions with high energy resolution from the measurement of electrons at only two angles. The experimentally determined distributions are well reproduced by calculations performed in a simple one-center approximation, allowing an unambiguous identification of several overlapping Auger lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Rolles
- Physics Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Powis I. Photoelectron Circular Dichroism in Chiral Molecules. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470259474.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging (TRPEI) is a variant of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy used in the study of gas-phase photoinduced dynamics. A new observable, time-dependent photoionization-differential cross section provides useful information on wave-packet motions, electronic dephasing, and photoionization dynamics. This review describes fundamental issues and the most recent works involving TRPEI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Suzuki
- Chemical Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako 351-0198, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lebech M, Houver JC, Dowek D, Lucchese RR. Molecular frame photoelectron emission in the presence of autoionizing resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:073001. [PMID: 16606081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the angular distribution of valence-shell photoelectrons excited by circularly polarized light from fixed-in-space N2O molecules, near to and on top of resonances due to Rydberg states embedded in the ionization continuum. The sign of the circular dichroism for ionization into the N2O+ (B2Pi, (1pi)-1) state is reversed on top of the lowest dominant resonances. Measured angular distributions are well predicted by state-of-the-art multichannel configuration interaction calculations. The change in sign of the circular dichroism at the peak of the resonance is the result of a rapid change in the phases of resonant dipole matrix elements by a factor of 2pi as the energy is scanned across the resonance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lebech
- Laboratoire des Collisions Atomiques et Moléculaires, LCAM, UMR Université Paris Sud et CNRS, No. 8625, Bâtiment 351, Université Paris Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Harding CJ, Mikajlo E, Powis I, Barth S, Joshi S, Ulrich V, Hergenhahn U. Circular dichroism in the angle-resolved C 1s photoemission spectra of gas-phase carvone enantiomers. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:234310. [PMID: 16392923 DOI: 10.1063/1.2136150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner-shell C 1s photoionization of randomly oriented molecules of the chiral compound carvone has been investigated using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation up to 30 eV above threshold. Binding energies of the C=O and CH2= carbon 1s orbitals were determined to be 292.8+/-0.2 and 289.8+/-0.2 eV, respectively. The remaining C-H C 1s levels substantially overlap under an intense central peak centered at 290.5+/-0.2 eV. The angle-resolved photoemission from the carbonyl carbon C=O core orbital in pure carvone enantiomers shows a pronounced circular dichroism of approximately 6% at the magic angle of 54.7 degrees to the light beam propagation direction. This corresponds to an expected 0 degrees -180 degrees forward-backward electron emission asymmetry of approximately 10%. On changing between the R and S enantiomers of carvone the sense or sign of the asymmetry and associated dichroism effectively reverses. The observed circular dichroism, and its energy dependence, is well accounted for by calculations performed in the pure electric dipole approximation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Harding
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lebech M, Houver JC, Lafosse A, Dowek D, Alcaraz C, Nahon L, Lucchese RR. Complete description of linear molecule photoionization achieved by vector correlations using the light of a single circular polarization. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1570402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
28
|
Abstract
Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy has been performed for more than 70 years in various guises, but recently its potential to help solve in detail problems in the photoionization dynamics and intramolecular dynamics of gas-phase molecules has been recognized. One key development has been the design of experiments in appropriate geometries to extract information that pertains to the molecular frame, another has been the development of imaging spectrometers, and a third is the use of ultrafast lasers to cause photoionization. In this review, which is aimed at experimentalists, simple expressions for photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) in various experimental geometries are given and their applications explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine L Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|