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Mandal D, Vashistha A, Das A. Electromagnetic wave transparency of X mode in strongly magnetized plasma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14885. [PMID: 34290307 PMCID: PMC8295326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An electromagnetic (EM) pulse falling on a plasma medium from vacuum can either reflect, get absorbed or propagate inside the plasma depending on whether it is overdense or underdense. In a magnetized plasma, however, there are usually several pass and stop bands for the EM wave depending on the orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the propagation direction. The EM wave while propagating in a plasma can also excite electrostatic disturbances in the plasma. In this work Particle-In-Cell simulations have been carried out to illustrate the complete transparency of the EM wave propagation inside a strongly magnetized plasma. The external magnetic field is chosen to be perpendicular to both the wave propagation direction and the electric field of the EM wave, which is the X mode configuration. Despite the presence of charged electron and ion species the plasma medium behaves like a vacuum. The observation is understood with the help of particle drifts. It is shown that though the two particle species move under the influence of EM fields their motion does not lead to any charge or current source to alter the dispersion relation of the EM wave propagating in the medium. Furthermore, it is also shown that the stop band for EM wave in this regime shrinks to a zero width as both the resonance and cut-off points approach each other. Thus, transparency to the EM radiation in such a strongly magnetized case appears to be a norm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devshree Mandal
- Institute for Plasma Research, HBNI, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Ayushi Vashistha
- Institute for Plasma Research, HBNI, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Amita Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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2
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Double Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Its Slow Light Application Based On a Guided-Mode Resonance Grating Cascade Structure. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173710. [PMID: 32825800 PMCID: PMC7503817 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the achievement of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect based on the guided-mode resonance (GMR) effect has attracted extensive attention. However, few works have achieved a double EIT-like effect using this method. In this paper, we numerically achieve a double EIT-like effect in a GMR system with a three-layer silicon nitride waveguide grating structure (WGS), using the multi-level atomic system model for theoretical explanation. In terms of slow light performance, the corresponding two delay times reach 22.59 ps and 8.43 ps, respectively. We also investigate the influence of wavelength detuning of different GMR modes on the transparent window and slow light performance. Furthermore, a wide-band flat-top transparent window was also achieved by appropriately adjusting the wavelength detuning between GMR modes. These results indicate that the EIT-like effect in the WGS has potential application prospects in low-loss slow optical devices, optical sensing, and optical communications.
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3
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Double Spectral Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Based on Double-Bar Dielectric Grating and Its Sensor Application. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The realization of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect based on guided-mode resonance (GMR) has attracted a lot of attention. However, achieving the multispectral EIT effect in this way has not been studied. Here, we numerically realize a double EIT-ike effect with extremely high Q factors based on a GMR system with the double-bar dielectric grating structure, and the Q factors can reach 35,104 and 24,423, respectively. Moreover, the resonance wavelengths of the two EIT peaks can be flexibly controlled by changing the corresponding structural parameters. The figure of merit (FOM) of the dual-mode refractive index sensor based on this system can reach 571.88 and 587.42, respectively. Our work provides a novel method to achieve double EIT-like effects, which can be applied to the dual mode sensor, dual channel slow light and so on.
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4
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Vafapour Z. Slowing down light using terahertz semiconductor metamaterial for dual-band thermally tunable modulator applications. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:722-729. [PMID: 29400739 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the neighboring infrared and microwave regions, the terahertz regime is still in need of fundamental technological advances. We have designed a terahertz (THz) semiconductor metamaterial (MM) waveguide system, which exhibits a significant slow-light effect, based on a classical electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon. The potential of MMs for THz radiation originates from a resonant electromagnetic response that can be tailored for specific applications. By appropriately adjusting the distance between the two radiative and nonradiative modes, a flat band corresponding to a nearly constant group index (of the order of 4924) in the THz regime can be achieved. Finite-difference time-domain simulations show that the incident pulse can be slowed down. The proposed device from a paucity of naturally occurring materials has useful applications in electronic or photonic properties at terahertz frequencies. This proposed compact configuration may find potential applications in plasmonic slow-light systems, optical buffers, and thermal and electromagnetic modulating applications and temperature sensors.
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5
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Zhao M, Li H, He Z, Chen Z, Xu H, Zheng M. Novel oscillator model with damping factor for plasmon induced transparency in waveguide systems. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10635. [PMID: 28878379 PMCID: PMC5587711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a novel two-oscillator model with damping factor to describe the plasmon induced transparency (PIT) in a bright-dark model plasmonic waveguide system. The damping factor γ in the model can be calculated from metal conductor damping factor γc and dielectric damping factor γd. We investigate the influence of geometry parameters and damping factor γ on transmission spectra as well as slow-light effects in the plasmonic waveguide system. We can find an obvious PIT phenomenon and realize a considerable slow-light effect in the double-cavities system. This work may provide guidance for optical switching and plasmon-based information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhuo Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronic, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.,School of Physics and Electronic, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, PR China
| | - Hongjian Li
- School of Physics and Electronic, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Zhihui He
- School of Physics and Electronic, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Physics and Electronic, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Mingfei Zheng
- School of Physics and Electronic, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
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6
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Fang ZH, Chen H, Yang FS, Luo CR, Zhao XP. Slowing down light using a dendritic cell cluster metasurface waveguide. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37856. [PMID: 27886279 PMCID: PMC5122999 DOI: 10.1038/srep37856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Slowing down or even stopping light is the first task to realising optical information transmission and storage. Theoretical studies have revealed that metamaterials can slow down or even stop light; however, the difficulty of preparing metamaterials that operate in visible light hinders progress in the research of slowing or stopping light. Metasurfaces provide a new opportunity to make progress in such research. In this paper, we propose a dendritic cell cluster metasurface consisting of dendritic structures. The simulation results show that dendritic structure can realise abnormal reflection and refraction effects. Single- and double-layer dendritic metasurfaces that respond in visible light were prepared by electrochemical deposition. Abnormal Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts were experimentally obtained. The rainbow trapping effect was observed in a waveguide constructed using the dendritic metasurface sample. The incident white light was separated into seven colours ranging from blue to red light. The measured transmission energy in the waveguide showed that the energy escaping from the waveguide was zero at the resonant frequency of the sample under a certain amount of incident light. The proposed metasurface has a simple preparation process, functions in visible light, and can be readily extended to the infrared band and communication wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. H. Fang
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129 P.R. China
| | - H. Chen
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129 P.R. China
| | - F. S. Yang
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129 P.R. China
| | - C. R. Luo
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129 P.R. China
| | - X. P. Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129 P.R. China
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7
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Parvinnezhad Hokmabadi M, Philip E, Rivera E, Kung P, Kim SM. Plasmon-Induced Transparency by Hybridizing Concentric-Twisted Double Split Ring Resonators. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15735. [PMID: 26507006 PMCID: PMC4623747 DOI: 10.1038/srep15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency, plasmon induced transparency (PIT) has attracted great attention by mitigating otherwise cumbersome experimental implementation constraints. Here, through theoretical design, simulation and experimental validation, we present a novel approach to achieve and control PIT by hybridizing two double split ring resonators (DSRRs) on flexible polyimide substrates. In the design, the large rings in the DSRRs are stationary and mirror images of each other, while the small SRRs rotate about their center axes. Counter-directional rotation (twisting) of the small SRRs is shown to lead to resonance shifts, while co-directional rotation results in splitting of the lower frequency resonance and emergence of a PIT window. We develop an equivalent circuit model and introduce a mutual inductance parameter M whose sign is shown to characterize the existence or absence of PIT response from the structure. This model attempts to provide a quantitative measure of the physical mechanisms underlying the observed PIT phenomenon. As such, our findings can support the design of several applications such as optical buffers, delay lines, and ultra-sensitive sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabath Philip
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - Elmer Rivera
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - Patrick Kung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - Seongsin M Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
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8
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Impact of Substrate and Bright Resonances on Group Velocity in Metamaterial without Dark Resonator. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14373. [PMID: 26395071 PMCID: PMC4585822 DOI: 10.1038/srep14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulating the speed of light has never been more exciting since electromagnetic induced transparency and its classical analogs led to slow light. Here, we report the manipulation of light group velocity in a terahertz metamaterial without needing a dark resonator, but utilizing instead two concentric split-ring bright resonators (meta-atoms) exhibiting a bright Fano resonance in close vicinity of a bright Lorentzian resonance to create a narrowband transmittance. Unlike earlier reports, the bright Fano resonance does not stem from an asymmetry of meta-atoms or an interaction between them. Additionally, we develop a method to determine the metamaterial “effective thickness”, which quantifies the influence of the substrate on the metamaterial response and has remained challenging to estimate so far. By doing so, very good agreement between simulated and measured group delays and velocities is accomplished. The proposed structure and method will be useful in designing optical buffers, delay lines, and ultra-sensitive sensors.
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9
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Wang K, Yu C, Zhang X, Xu C, Zhang Y, Yuan P. Electromagnetically induced-transparency-like spectrum in an add/drop interferometer. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:1285-1289. [PMID: 25968189 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.001285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a single-ring-resonator-based add/drop interferometer and theoretically investigate the transmission characteristics. Due to coherent interference of two resonant pathways, an electromagnetically induced-transparency (EIT)-like spectrum is produced and the line shapes of the transmission spectra are tunable by controlling the coupling coefficients between the waveguide and ring resonator. We observe the EIT-like behavior in a fiber system which agrees well with the theoretical analysis. The proposed configuration has potential applications in tunable delay lines.
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10
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Gad R, Leopold JG, Fisher A, Fredkin DR, Ron A. Observation of magnetically induced transparency in a classical magnetized plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:155003. [PMID: 22587262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.155003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the first demonstration of magnetically induced transmission in an opaque magnetized plasma. Magnetically induced transmission in a plasma is a classical analog to the electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems. The transmission of radiation through an axially magnetized plasma is obtained by applying an additional one dimensional transverse spatial periodic magnetic field. The transverse-periodic magnetic field uncouples the right-hand electromagnetic wave from interacting with plasma electrons, rendering the plasma band-stop transparent. This provides means to control the extent of absorption of electromagnetic radiation in magnetized plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gad
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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11
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Kawamori E, Syugu WJ, Hsieh TY, Song SX, Cheng CZ. Experimental identification of electromagnetically induced transparency in magnetized plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:075003. [PMID: 22401217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.075003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental identification of the new wave branch at electron cyclotron frequency produced by the injection of a frequency-matched intense pump wave in magnetized plasma [A. G. Litvak and M. D. Tokman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 095003 (2002); G. Shvets and J. S. Wurtele, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 115003 (2002)], which is a classical phenomenon analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in quantum systems. By using a frequency-sweep interferometer, we directly detected the dispersion relation of the plasma EIT branch for propagation parallel to the background magnetic field. The bandwidth of the EIT window was correlated with the pump-wave electric field and was found to agree with the theoretical prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichirou Kawamori
- Institute of Space, Astrophysical and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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12
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Cetin AE, Artar A, Turkmen M, Yanik AA, Altug H. Plasmon induced transparency in cascaded π-shaped metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:22607-22618. [PMID: 22109141 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.022607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and numerically demonstrate a planar metamaterial consisting of two asymmetrically positioned π-structures in a single unit that exhibits plasmonic analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Through the coupling of the constituent nanorod elements, the proposed structure enables fine spectral tuning of the EIT-like behavior and controlling the location of near field enhancement. Originated from the asymmetric cascaded π-structures, we introduce a more compact system which possesses the EIT-like characteristics and as well as much smaller mode volumes. Due to these properties, the proposed metamaterials can be utilized for a wide range of applications including bio-chemical sensors, optical filters and modulators and enhancement of non-linear processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif E Cetin
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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13
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Aksu S, Huang M, Artar A, Yanik AA, Selvarasah S, Dokmeci MR, Altug H. Flexible plasmonics on unconventional and nonplanar substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:4422-30. [PMID: 21960478 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serap Aksu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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14
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Di K, Xie C, Zhang J. Coupled-resonator-induced transparency with a squeezed vacuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:153602. [PMID: 21568558 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present the first experimental observation of quantum fluctuation spectra in two coupled optical cavities with an injected squeezed vacuum light. The quadrature components of the reflected squeezed vacuum spectra are measured by phase-sensitive homodyne detector. The experimental results demonstrate coupled-resonator-induced transparency in the quantum regime, in which the electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like characteristic of the absorption and dispersion properties of the coupled optical cavities determines the line shape of the reflected quantum noise spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Di
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
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15
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Artar A, Yanik AA, Altug H. Multispectral plasmon induced transparency in coupled meta-atoms. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:1685-1689. [PMID: 21438605 DOI: 10.1021/nl200197j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an approach enabling construction of a scalable metamaterial media supporting multispectral plasmon induced transparency. The composite multilayered media consist of coupled meta-atoms with radiant and subradiant hybridized plasmonic modes interacting through the structural asymmetry. A perturbative model incorporating hybridization and mode coupling is introduced to explain the observed novel spectral features. The proposed scheme is demonstrated experimentally by developing a lift-off-free fabrication scheme that can automatically register multiple metamaterial layers in the transverse plane. This metamaterial which can simultaneously enhance nonlinear processes at multiple frequency domains could open up new possibilities in optical information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Artar
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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16
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Wu C, Khanikaev AB, Shvets G. Broadband slow light metamaterial based on a double-continuum Fano resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:107403. [PMID: 21469834 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a concept of a low-symmetry three-dimensional metamaterial exhibiting a double-continuum Fano (DCF) optical resonance. Such metamaterial is described as a birefringent medium supporting a discrete dark electromagnetic state weakly coupled to the continua of two nondegenerate bright bands of orthogonal polarizations. It is demonstrated that light propagation through such DCF metamaterial can be slowed down over a broad frequency range when the medium parameters (e.g., frequency of the dark mode) are adiabatically changed along the optical path. Using a specific metamaterial implementation, we demonstrate that the DCF approach to slow light is superior to that of the electromagnetically induced transparency because it enables spectrally uniform group velocity and transmission coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihhui Wu
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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17
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Liu N, Weiss T, Mesch M, Langguth L, Eigenthaler U, Hirscher M, Sönnichsen C, Giessen H. Planar metamaterial analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency for plasmonic sensing. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:1103-7. [PMID: 20017551 DOI: 10.1021/nl902621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate a planar metamaterial analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency at optical frequencies. The structure consists of an optically bright dipole antenna and an optically dark quadrupole antenna, which are cut-out structures in a thin gold film. A pronounced coupling-induced reflectance peak is observed within a broad resonance spectrum. A metamaterial sensor based on these coupling effects is experimentally demonstrated and yields a sensitivity of 588 nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 3.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- 4 Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Liu N, Langguth L, Weiss T, Kästel J, Fleischhauer M, Pfau T, Giessen H. Plasmonic analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency at the Drude damping limit. NATURE MATERIALS 2009; 8:758-62. [PMID: 19578334 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In atomic physics, the coherent coupling of a broad and a narrow resonance leads to quantum interference and provides the general recipe for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). A sharp resonance of nearly perfect transmission can arise within a broad absorption profile. These features show remarkable potential for slow light, novel sensors and low-loss metamaterials. In nanophotonics, plasmonic structures enable large field strengths within small mode volumes. Therefore, combining EIT with nanoplasmonics would pave the way towards ultracompact sensors with extremely high sensitivity. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a nanoplasmonic analogue of EIT using a stacked optical metamaterial. A dipole antenna with a large radiatively broadened linewidth is coupled to an underlying quadrupole antenna, of which the narrow linewidth is solely limited by the fundamental non-radiative Drude damping. In accordance with EIT theory, we achieve a very narrow transparency window with high modulation depth owing to nearly complete suppression of radiative losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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19
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Verellen N, Sonnefraud Y, Sobhani H, Hao F, Moshchalkov VV, Van Dorpe P, Nordlander P, Maier SA. Fano resonances in individual coherent plasmonic nanocavities. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:1663-7. [PMID: 19281254 DOI: 10.1021/nl9001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We observe the appearance of Fano resonances in the optical response of plasmonic nanocavities due to the coherent coupling between their superradiant and subradiant plasmon modes. Two reduced-symmetry nanostructures probed via confocal spectroscopy, a dolmen-style slab arrangement and a ring/disk dimer, clearly exhibit the strong polarization and geometry dependence expected for this behavior at the individual nanostructure level, confirmed by full-field electrodynamic analysis of each structure. In each case, multiple Fano resonances occur as structure size is increased.
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20
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Hao F, Sonnefraud Y, Van Dorpe P, Maier SA, Halas NJ, Nordlander P. Symmetry breaking in plasmonic nanocavities: subradiant LSPR sensing and a tunable Fano resonance. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3983-3988. [PMID: 18831572 DOI: 10.1021/nl802509r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A metallic nanostructure consisting of a disk inside a thin ring supports superradiant and very narrow subradiant modes. Symmetry breaking in this structure enables a coupling between plasmon modes of differing multipolar order, resulting in a tunable Fano resonance. The LSPR sensitivities of the subradiant and Fano resonances are predicted to be among the largest yet for individual nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hao
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, M.S. 61, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
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21
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Ye C, Zhang J. Electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect in the degenerate triple-resonant optical parametric amplifier. OPTICS LETTERS 2008; 33:1911-1913. [PMID: 18709130 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.001911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate experimentally the absorptive and dispersive properties of the triple-resonant optical parametric amplifier (OPA) for the degenerate subharmonic field. In the experiment the subharmonic field is utilized as the probe field and the harmonic wave as the pump field. We demonstrate that the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect can be simulated in the triple-resonant OPA when the cavity linewidth for the harmonic wave is narrower than that for the subharmonic field. However, this phenomenon cannot be observed in a double-resonant OPA. The narrow transparency window appears in the reflected field. Especially in the measured dispersive spectra of the triple-resonant OPA, a very steep variation of the dispersive profile of the subharmonic field is observed, which can result in a slow light as that observed in an atomic EIT medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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22
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Zhang S, Genov DA, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang X. Plasmon-induced transparency in metamaterials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:047401. [PMID: 18764363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.047401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 649] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic "molecule" consisting of a radiative element coupled with a subradiant (dark) element is theoretically investigated. The plasmonic molecule shows electromagnetic response that closely resembles the electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic system. Because of its subwavelength dimension, this electromagnetically induced transparency-like molecule can be used as a building block to construct a "slow light" plasmonic metamaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, 5130 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1740, USA
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Avitzour Y, Shvets G. Manipulating electromagnetic waves in magnetized plasmas: compression, frequency shifting, and release. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:065006. [PMID: 18352486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.065006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new approach to manipulating the duration and frequency of microwave pulses using magnetized plasmas is demonstrated. The plasma accomplishes two functions: (i) slowing down and spatially compressing the incident wave, and (ii) modifying the propagation properties (group velocity and frequency) of the wave in the plasma during a uniform in space adiabatic in time variation of the magnitude and/or direction of the magnetic field. The increase in the group velocity results in the shortening of the temporal pulse duration. Depending on the plasma parameters, the frequency of the outgoing compressed pulse can either change or remain unchanged. Such dynamic manipulation of radiation in plasma opens new avenues for manipulating high power microwave pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Avitzour
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, One University Station, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Radeonychev YV, Tokman MD, Litvak AG, Kocharovskaya O. Acoustically induced transparency in optically dense resonance medium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:093602. [PMID: 16606263 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2002] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that mechanical vibration (acoustical oscillation) of a solid medium along the propagation of multifrequency laser radiation enables one to control the resonant absorption. There exists an optimal spectral structure of the incident field dependent on vibration amplitude as well as the number and intensity of the frequency components that provides the full resonant transparency. A mechanism of the transparency is discussed. Transparency of this kind is shown to appear also via adiabatic modulation of the atomic transition frequency by an external microwave field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Radeonychev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Ma H, Ye C, Wei D, Zhang J. Coherence phenomena in the phase-sensitive optical parametric amplification inside a cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:233601. [PMID: 16384306 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate coherence phenomena in optical parametric amplification inside a cavity. The mode splitting in the transmission spectra of a phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifier is observed. Especially, we show that a very narrow dip and peak, which are the shape of a delta function, appear in the transmission profile. The origin of the coherence phenomenon in this system is the interference between the harmonic pump field and the subharmonic seed field in cooperation with dissipation of the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
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