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Sun X, Li M, Ye D, Xin G, Fu L, Xie X, Deng Y, Wu C, Liu J, Gong Q, Liu Y. Mechanisms of strong-field double ionization of Xe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:103001. [PMID: 25238353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We perform a fully differential measurement on strong-field double ionization of Xe by 25 fs, 790 nm laser pulses in intensity region (0.4-3)×10(14) W/cm2. We observe that the two-dimensional correlation momentum spectra along the laser polarization direction show a nonstructured distribution for double ionization of Xe when decreasing the laser intensity from 3×10(14) to 4×10(13) W/cm2. The electron correlation behavior is remarkably different with the low-Z rare gases, i.e., He, Ne, and Ar. We find that the electron energy cutoffs increase from 2.9Up to 7.8Up when decreasing the laser intensities from the sequential double ionization to the nonsequential double ionization regime. The experimental observation indicates that multiple rescatterings play an important role for the generation of high energy photoelectrons. We have further studied the shielding effect on the strong-field double ionization of high-Z atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Sun
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Difa Ye
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088 Beijing, China
| | - Guoguo Xin
- Department of Physics, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Libin Fu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088 Beijing, China and HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiguo Xie
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongkai Deng
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengyin Wu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088 Beijing, China and HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
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Marceau C, Gingras G, Witzel B. Excitation with effective subcycle laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:203005. [PMID: 24289683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.203005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have used laser pulses with a temporally shaped polarization to demonstrate the multiphoton excitation of the xenon 5g state within a subcycle of a laser pulse. Our polarization gated laser pulses are composed of circularly polarized sections at the leading and trailing edges of the pulse and of an experimentally defined linearly polarized central part. Only the linear part (the gate) of the pulse can excite neutral xenon in the 5g state. The transition cannot be driven with circularly polarized light because the number of photons needed would cause a violation of selection rules for the change of the magnetic quantum number. We show that the linearly polarized central part can be reduced to a subcycle pulse. This allows us to study excitation with an effective pulse as short as 2.3 fs at 800 nm. Electron imaging spectroscopy has been used to visualize the presence of excited states as a function of the pulse duration of the gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marceau
- Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, Pavillon d'optique-photonique Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
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Matsuda A, Fushitani M, Tseng CM, Hikosaka Y, Eland JHD, Hishikawa A. A magnetic-bottle multi-electron-ion coincidence spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:103105. [PMID: 22047278 DOI: 10.1063/1.3648133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel multi-electron-ion coincidence spectrometer developed on the basis of a 1.5 m-long magnetic-bottle electron spectrometer is presented. Electrons are guided by an inhomogeneous magnetic field to a detector at the end of the flight tube, while a set of optics is used to extract counterpart ions to the same detector, by a pulsed inhomogeneous electric field. This setup allows ion detection with high mass resolution, without impairing the high collection efficiency for electrons. The performance of the coincidence spectrometer was tested with double ionization of carbon disulfide, CS(2) → CS(2)(2+) + e(-) + e(-), in ultrashort intense laser fields (2.8 × 10(13) W/cm(2), 280 fs, 1030 nm) to clarify the electron correlation below the rescattering threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitaka Matsuda
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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Marceau C, Gingras G, Witzel B. Continuously adjustable gate width setup for attosecond polarization gating: theory and experiment. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:3576-3591. [PMID: 21369181 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.003576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an alternative approach for attosecond polarization gating. A setup composed of four quartz wedges and a quarter-wave plate allows an easy adjustment of the temporal gate-width and of the total dispersion. A numerical simulation of the pulse propagation beyond the carrier-envelope approximation enables a calibration of the setup and provides a flexible choice of the desired temporal polarization. An electron imaging spectrometer is used to measure the electron momentum distribution resulting from the ionization of xenon with our optical gated laser pulses. This allows us to measure the orientation of the polarization plane in the most intense temporal slice of the laser pulse. We compare the experimental results to theory and we numerically show the robustness of the method against non-ideal laser parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Marceau
- Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser and Département de Physique, de Génie Physique et d’Optique, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Scarborough TD, Strohaber J, Foote DB, McAcy CJ, Uiterwaal CJGJ. Ultrafast REMPI in benzene and the monohalobenzenes without the focal volume effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:13783-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20876d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu Y, Ye D, Liu J, Rudenko A, Tschuch S, Dürr M, Siegel M, Morgner U, Gong Q, Moshammer R, Ullrich J. Multiphoton double ionization of Ar and Ne close to threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:173002. [PMID: 20482105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In kinematically complete studies we explore double ionization (DI) of Ne and Ar in the threshold regime (I>3x10{13} W/cm{2}) for 800 nm, 45 fs pulses. The basic differences are found in the two-electron momentum distributions-"correlation" (CO) for Ne and "anticorrelation" (ACO) for Ar-that can be partially explained theoretically within a 3D classical model including tunneling. Transverse electron momentum spectra provide insight into "Coulomb focusing" and point to correlated nonclassical dynamics. Finally, DI threshold intensities, CO as well as ACO regimes are predicted for both targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunquan Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Gingras G, Tripathi A, Witzel B. Wavelength and intensity dependence of short pulse laser xenon double ionization between 500 and 2300 nm. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:173001. [PMID: 19905752 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The wavelength and intensity dependence of xenon ionization with 50 fs laser pulses has been studied using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We compare the ion yield distribution of singly and doubly charged xenon with the Perelomov-Popov-Terent'ev (PPT) theory, Perelomov, Popov, and Terent'ev, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 50, 1393 (1966) [Sov. Phys. JETP 23, 924 (1966)], in the regime between 500 and 2300 nm. The intensity dependence for each wavelength is measured in a range between 1 x 10(13) and 1 x 10(15) W/cm2. The Xe+-ion signal is in good agreement with the PPT theory at all used wavelengths. In addition we demonstrate that ionic 5s5p6 2S state is excited by an electron impact excitation process and contributes to the nonsequential double ionization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gingras
- Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, Pavillon d'optique-photonique Québec (Québec), Canada, G1V 0A6
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Liu Y, Tschuch S, Rudenko A, Dürr M, Siegel M, Morgner U, Moshammer R, Ullrich J. Strong-field double ionization of Ar below the recollision threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:053001. [PMID: 18764387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nonsequential double ionization of Ar by 45 fs laser pulses (800 nm) at (4-7)x10;{13} W/cm;{2} was explored in fully differential measurements. Well below the field-modified recollision threshold we enter the multiphoton regime. Strongly correlated back-to-back emission of the electrons along the polarization direction is observed to dominate in striking contrast to all previous data. No effect of Coulomb repulsion can be found, the predicted cutoff in the sum-energy spectra of two emitted electrons is confirmed, and the potential importance of multiple recollisions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunquan Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg, Germany
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Rudati J, Chaloupka JL, Agostini P, Kulander KC, DiMauro LF. Multiphoton double ionization via field-independent resonant excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:203001. [PMID: 15169346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.203001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The double ionization of xenon in the multiphoton regime has been studied at two wavelengths (0.77 and 0.79 microm) using an electron-ion coincidence technique and an intensity binned ion ratio method. Sharp resonant structures in the electron energy distribution correlated with the doubly charged ion, as well as a wavelength dependence of the Xe(2+)/Xe(+) ratio provides new insights. A mechanism involving the shelving of population in Rydberg states followed by excitation of a core electron is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rudati
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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