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Sato M. Formation of various structures caused by particle size difference in colloidal heteroepitaxy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3245. [PMID: 38331999 PMCID: PMC10853232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
By performing isothermal-isochoric Monte Carlo simulations with depletion force, the author investigated the dependence of the epitxial layer structure on the differences in the particle size between the substrate in colloidal heteroepitaxy. By changing the size of epitaxial particles and performing simulations comprehensively, various structures including the structures observed in a experiment, such as a honeycomb, one created by hexagonal heptamers, and one consisting of both pentagonal tiles and triangular tiles, were created. When the ratio of particle sizes between the epitxial layer and substrate takes a specific value, two types of hexagonal structures were created. One is the hexagonal layer parallel to the substrate layer and the other layer is rotated by 60[Formula: see text] from the substrate layer. The former structure was created over a wide range of particle-size ratios, whereas the latter structure was created when the particle-size ratio was only around the specific ratio, and it seemed a metastable structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Sato
- Emerging Media Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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2
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Urrutia Bañuelos E, Contreras Aburto C, Maldonado Arce A. A common neighbor analysis of crystallization kinetics and excess entropy of charged spherical colloids. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:094504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4943001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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3
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Palberg T. Crystallization kinetics of colloidal model suspensions: recent achievements and new perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:333101. [PMID: 25035303 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/33/333101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal model systems allow studying crystallization kinetics under fairly ideal conditions, with rather well-characterized pair interactions and minimized external influences. In complementary approaches experiment, analytic theory and simulation have been employed to study colloidal solidification in great detail. These studies were based on advanced optical methods, careful system characterization and sophisticated numerical methods. Over the last decade, both the effects of the type, strength and range of the pair-interaction between the colloidal particles and those of the colloid-specific polydispersity have been addressed in a quantitative way. Key parameters of crystallization have been derived and compared to those of metal systems. These systematic investigations significantly contributed to an enhanced understanding of the crystallization processes in general. Further, new fundamental questions have arisen and (partially) been solved over the last decade: including, for example, a two-step nucleation mechanism in homogeneous nucleation, choice of the crystallization pathway, or the subtle interplay of boundary conditions in heterogeneous nucleation. On the other hand, via the application of both gradients and external fields the competition between different nucleation and growth modes can be controlled and the resulting microstructure be influenced. The present review attempts to cover the interesting developments that have occurred since the turn of the millennium and to identify important novel trends, with particular focus on experimental aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Palberg
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Mori A, Suzuki Y, Matsuo S. Possibility of Gravitational Tempering in Colloidal Epitaxy to Obtain a Perfect Crystal. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mori
- Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima
| | - Yoshihisa Suzuki
- Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima
| | - Shigeki Matsuo
- Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima
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5
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Heitkam S, Drenckhan W, Fröhlich J. Packing spheres tightly: influence of mechanical stability on close-packed sphere structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:148302. [PMID: 22540826 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.148302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many experiments and simulations of packings of monodisperse hard spheres report a dominance of the face-centered cubic structure in the hexagonally close-packed limit, even though it has no significant energetic or entropic gain over other close-packed configurations. Combining simulations and experiments, we demonstrate that a simple mechanical instability which occurs during the packing process may play an important role in selecting the face-centered cubic structure over other close-packed alternatives. Our argument is supported by detailed quantitative analyses of key configurations in sphere packings and highlights the importance of the packing dynamics. The proposed mechanism is elementary and should therefore play a role in a wide range of sphere systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heitkam
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides-UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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6
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Bartlett AP, Pichumani M, Giuliani M, González-Viñas W, Yethiraj A. Modified spin-coating technique to achieve directional colloidal crystallization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3067-3070. [PMID: 22225455 DOI: 10.1021/la204123s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating large single crystals with colloidal spheres as building blocks is challenging and of competitive interest. Spin-coating of colloids offers a robust technique, which is highly reproducible in obtaining colloidal crystals even at fast dynamical regimes; however, these crystals are intrinsically polycrystalline due to the axial symmetry of spin-coating. We report a new method that applies a nonuniform electric field during the spin-coating process. By arranging the field direction to be stationary in the rotating frame, we are able to break the axial symmetry and to orient the colloids along one predefined direction. By regulating the applied field strength, we demonstrate local control over the orientation of the crystallites, and thus, the orientation is determined by the applied field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Bartlett
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X7
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Wette P, Engelbrecht A, Salh R, Klassen I, Menke D, Herlach DM, Roth SV, Schöpe HJ. Competition between heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation near a flat wall. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:464115. [PMID: 21715879 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/46/464115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We studied the competition between heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation of an aqueous suspension of charged colloidal spheres close to the container walls. Samples of equilibrium crystalline structure were shear-melted and the metastable melt left to solidify after the cessation of shear. The crystallization kinetics was monitored using time-resolved scattering techniques: at low particle number densities n we applied an improved static light scattering method while at large particle concentrations ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering was applied for the first time. Our results show some unexpected behavior: the heterogeneous nucleation at the container walls is delayed in comparison to the homogeneous bulk nucleation and its rate density appears surprisingly slightly smaller, demonstrating the complexity of the observed crystallization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wette
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), D-51170 Köln, Germany
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8
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Yamada H, Sawada T, Yamanaka J, Yonese M, Uchida F. Structural Characterizations of Charged Colloidal Silica Crystals Formed by Base Diffusion. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Murai M, Yamada H, Yamanaka J, Onda S, Yonese M, Ito K, Sawada T, Uchida F, Ohki Y. Unidirectional crystallization of charged colloidal silica due to the diffusion of a base. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:7510-7. [PMID: 17530873 DOI: 10.1021/la700754s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dilute aqueous dispersions of charged colloidal silica (particle volume fraction = approximately 0.03-0.04, particle diameter = 110 nm) exhibit unidirectional crystal growth due to the diffusion of a weak base, pyridine (Py). Similar diffusion-crystallization is enabled by a salt of a weak acid and a strong base, sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3). The resulting crystals consist of columnar (or cubic) crystal grains with a maximum height of a few centimeters and a maximum width of 1 cm. The crystal growth process is attributed to a combination of (i) the diffusion of Py or NaHCO3 accompanied by a charging reaction of the silica particles and (ii) the charge-induced crystallization of the silica colloids. Theoretical growth curves based on the reaction-diffusion model for the case of Py were in good agreement with the observed curves. We also report the immobilization of the resulting large crystals by using a polymer hydrogel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Murai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
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Mori A, Suzuki Y, Yanagiya SI, Sawada T, Ito K. Shrinking stacking fault through glide of the Shockley partial dislocation in hard-sphere crystal under gravity. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701348725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Toyotama A, Yamanaka J, Yonese M, Sawada T, Uchida F. Thermally Driven Unidirectional Crystallization of Charged Colloidal Silica. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:3044-5. [PMID: 17315876 DOI: 10.1021/ja0682327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Toyotama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
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12
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Nonlinear screening on the charged surfaces with trivalent and tetravalent salt ions: Monte Carlo simulations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Tsai JC, Gollub JP. Slowly sheared dense granular flows: crystallization and nonunique final states. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 70:031303. [PMID: 15524517 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.70.031303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous time-resolved measurements of internal structure, granular volume, and boundary shear force are reported for dense granular packing steadily sheared under a fixed normal load. We identify features of the crystallization transition for a deep shear flow, whose height-dependent local mean velocity spans more than five orders of magnitude. This structural change is accompanied by a significant decrease of granular volume and shear force, with a more rapid falloff of particle velocity with depth than occurs in the disordered state. Boundary conditions can have a profound influence on the crystallization of the entire packing. We find that continuously sheared flow can exhibit nonunique final states even under identical boundary conditions; a few cycles of oscillatory pretreatment can initiate states that evolve into either a crystallized or a disordered final state after long-term unidirectional shearing. On the other hand, the disordered state can be stabilized after being sufficiently compacted by unidirectional shear. These experiments raise interesting questions about how prior history is recorded in the internal structure of granular packings, affecting their instantaneous rheology and long-term evolution in response to shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Tsai
- Department of Physics, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041, USA
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14
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Yamanaka J, Murai M, Iwayama Y, Yonese M, Ito K, Sawada T. One-Directional Crystal Growth in Charged Colloidal Silica Dispersions Driven by Diffusion of Base. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:7156-7. [PMID: 15186135 DOI: 10.1021/ja049164w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous dispersions of charged colloidal silica particles showed a novel one-directional crystal growth by diffusion of a weak base, pyridine. The colloidal crystal consisted of pillar-shaped crystal grains whose height and width were in the order of centimeter and subcentimeter, respectively. The growth process was explainable in terms of (i) the diffusion of pyridine with neutralization reactions between weakly acidic silica surfaces, (ii) charging up of the silica particles, and (iii) the charge-induced crystallization of the dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Yamanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
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15
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Hoogenboom JP, van Langen-Suurling AK, Romijn J, van Blaaderen A. Epitaxial growth of a colloidal hard-sphere hcp crystal and the effects of epitaxial mismatch on crystal structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:051602. [PMID: 15244824 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.051602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the epitaxial growth of hard-sphere hcp and double hcp crystals using a surface pattern that directly dictates the stacking sequence. A detailed three-dimensional analysis based on real-space measurements is performed on crystal structure as a function of template-crystal mismatch, which demonstrates the possibilities of colloidal epitaxy as a model system for studying the effects of a patterned substrate on crystal structure. Perfect template-induced hcp-crystal growth occurs at an isotropically deformed template. At deformed lattices we observe growth of a non-close-packed superstructure and of a perfect (100)-aligned fcc crystal. Small mismatches lead to increased out-of-plane displacements followed by a structural breakup in "crystal" grains where particle positions in successive layers are strictly periodic and "defect" grains where these positions are displaced with respect to each other. Large mismatches prevent crystallization in the surface layers. The volume fraction was found to vary drastically (up to about 20% ) as a function of template deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hoogenboom
- F O M Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Dullens RPA, Claesson EM, Kegel WK. Preparation and properties of cross-linked fluorescent poly(methyl methacrylate) latex colloids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:658-664. [PMID: 15773089 DOI: 10.1021/la035729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a single step preparation of monodisperse fluorescent poly(methyl)methacrylate (PMMA) lattices cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with radii in the range 150-1000 nm using dispersion polymerization. The particles are applied as fluorescent cores in core-shell PMMA particles for confocal microscopy (Dullens et al. Langmuir 2003, 19, 5963). Contrary to un-cross-linked particles, these cross-linked colloids are stable in good solvents for PMMA as well. Therefore we studied the properties of the cross-linked PMMA particles in the good solvents tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform, and toluene using light scattering and confocal scanning laser microscopy. We show that the particles swell instantaneously and that their volume can increase up to more than seven times their volume in poor solvents. Further, it is very likely that the particles are charged in THF.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P A Dullens
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemisty, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Hoogenboom JP, Vergeer P, van Blaaderen A. A real-space analysis of colloidal crystallization in a gravitational field at a flat bottom wall. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1589737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Hoogenboom JP, Van Langen-Suurling AK, Romijn J, Van Blaaderen A. Hard-sphere crystals with hcp and non-close-packed structure grown by colloidal epitaxy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:138301. [PMID: 12689328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.138301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the epitaxial growth of a metastable (with respect to the bulk) hcp crystal as well as any other close-packed stacking sequence of colloidal hard spheres. At certain stretched and compressed lattices we furthermore observed growth of a non-close-packed superstructure and of a perfect (100)-aligned fcc crystal. Perfect template-induced hcp-crystal growth occurs at lattice spacings that are larger than for bulk crystallization, indicative of prefreezing. Small mismatches lead to increased out-of-plane displacements. Large mismatches prevent crystallization in the surface layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hoogenboom
- F.O.M. Institute for Atomic en Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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