1
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Senapati P, Parida P. Charge and spin thermoelectric transport in benzene-based molecular nano-junctions: a quantum many-body study. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2574-2590. [PMID: 38224290 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04714h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Within the Coulomb blockade regime, our study delves into the charge, spin, and thermoelectric transport characteristics of a benzene-based molecular nano-junction using the Pauli master equation and linear response theory. The charge- and spin-transport studies show strong negative differential conductance features in the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for the ortho and meta connections of electrodes on either side. Contrarily, the para-connection displays Coulomb staircase behavior. By exploring spin current behavior in the presence of spin-polarized electrodes or an external Zeeman field, we establish a methodology that facilitates precise control over the specific spin flow. Various charge and spin thermoelectric transport coefficients have been studied with varying chemical potentials. We focus on spin-polarized conductance, the Seebeck coefficient, and the figure of merit. By adjusting electrode polarization or employing an external magnetic field, we achieve an impressive peak value for the spin thermoelectric figure of merit, approximately 4.10. This outcome underscores the strategic value of harnessing both spin-polarized electrodes and external magnetic fields within the domain of spin caloritronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parbati Senapati
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, 801106, India.
| | - Prakash Parida
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, 801106, India.
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2
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Debierre V, Lassalle E. The onset time of Fermi’s golden rule. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermi’s golden rule describes the decay dynamics of unstable quantum systems coupled to a reservoir, and predicts a linear decay in time. Although it arises at relatively short times, the Fermi regime does not take hold in the earliest stages of the quantum dynamics. The standard criterion in the literature for the onset time of the Fermi regime is
t
F
∼ 1/Δ
ω
, with Δ
ω
the frequency interval around the resonant transition frequency
ω
0
of the system, over which the coupling to the reservoir does not vary appreciably. In this work, this criterion is shown to be inappropriate in general for broadband reservoirs, where the reservoir coupling spectrum takes the form
R
(
ω
) ∝
ω
η
, and for which it is found that for
η
> 1, the onset time of the Fermi regime is given by
t
F
∝ (
ω
X
/
ω
0
)
η
−1
× 1/
ω
0
where
ω
X
is the high-frequency cutoff of the reservoir. Therefore, the onset of the Fermi regime can take place at times orders of magnitude larger than those predicted by the standard criterion. This phenomenon is shown to be related to the excitation of the off-resonant frequencies of the reservoir at short times. For broadband reservoirs with
η
≤ 1, and for narrowband reservoirs, it is shown that the standard criterion is correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Debierre
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg, 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. Lassalle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
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3
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Brand J, Leitherer S, Papior NR, Néel N, Lei Y, Brandbyge M, Kröger J. Nonequilibrium Bond Forces in Single-Molecule Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7845-7851. [PMID: 31556298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Passing a current across two touching C60 molecules imposes a nonequilibrium population of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals, which changes the equilibrium bond character and strength. A current-induced bond force therefore contributes to the total force at chemical-bond distances. The combination of first-principles calculations with scanning probe experiments exploring currents and forces in a wide C60-C60 distance range consistently evidences the presence of current-induced attraction that occurs when the two molecules are on the verge of forming a chemical bond. The unique opportunity to arrange matter at the atomic scale with the atomic force and scanning tunneling microscope tip has enabled closely matching molecular junctions in theory and experiment. The findings consequently represent the first report of current-induced bond forces at the single-molecule level and further elucidate the intimate relation between charge transport and force. The results are relevant to molecular electronics and chemical reactions in the presence of a current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Brand
- Institut für Physik , Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau , Germany
| | - Susanne Leitherer
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Nick R Papior
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Nicolas Néel
- Institut für Physik , Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau , Germany
| | - Yong Lei
- Institut für Physik , Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau , Germany
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Jörg Kröger
- Institut für Physik , Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau , Germany
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4
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Slusarski T, Kostyrko T, García-Suárez VM. Effects of acceptor doping on a metalorganic switch: DFT vs. model analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13588-13597. [PMID: 29736537 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose a molecular switch based on copper dioxolene molecules with valence tautomeric properties. We study the system using density functional theory and a model Hamiltonian that can properly account for electronic correlations in these complex molecular systems. We compute the transport properties of the junction with a Cu-dioxolene unit sandwiched between gold electrodes and analyze its dependence on the valence tautomeric state of the molecule. We also study the effects of doping with ICl2 acceptor molecules on the magnetic and electronic features of the device. We find that in the absence of dopants, the Cu-dioxolene unit is weakly charged in a S = 1/2 spin state. However, the acceptors increase the charge state of the molecule and make possible a transition between the high-spin (S = 1) triplet and the low-spin (S = 0) singlet. The I-V dependence shows a manifestation of spin filtering and a voltage-induced multistable behavior that can have several applications in nanoscale electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Slusarski
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostyrko
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - V M García-Suárez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, 33007 Oviedo, Spain and Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Oviedo, Spain
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5
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Sowa JK, Mol JA, Briggs GAD, Gauger EM. Spiro-Conjugated Molecular Junctions: Between Jahn-Teller Distortion and Destructive Quantum Interference. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1859-1865. [PMID: 29589450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The quest for molecular structures exhibiting strong quantum interference effects in the transport setting has long been on the forefront of chemical research. We establish theoretically that the unusual geometry of spiro-conjugated systems gives rise to complete destructive interference in the resonant-transport regime. This results in a current blockade of the type not present in meta-connected benzene or similar molecular structures. We further show that these systems can undergo a transport-driven Jahn-Teller distortion, which can lift the aforementioned destructive-interference effects. The overall transport characteristics are determined by the interplay between the two phenomena. Spiro-conjugated systems may therefore serve as a novel platform for investigations of quantum interference and vibronic effects in the charge-transport setting. The potential to control quantum interference in these systems can also turn them into attractive components in designing functional molecular circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub K Sowa
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Jan A Mol
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - G Andrew D Briggs
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Erik M Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , United Kingdom
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6
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Olsen ST, Hansen T, Mikkelsen KV. Predicting transport regime and local electrostatic environment from Coulomb blockade diamond sizes. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:104306. [PMID: 28298124 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron transport through a molecule is often described in one of the two regimes: the coherent tunnelling regime or the Coulomb blockade regime. The twilight zone of the two regimes still possesses many unsolved questions. A theoretical analysis of the oligophenylenevinylene OPV3 experiments by Bjørnholm and co-workers is performed. The experiments showed how two OPV3 derivatives performed very differently despite the strong similarity of the molecular structure, hence the experimental data showed two different transport mechanisms. The different transport mechanisms of the two OPV3 derivatives are explained from quantum mechanical calculations of the molecular redox energies and from the experimentally accessible window size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine T Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorsten Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Chen F, Ochoa MA, Galperin M. Nonequilibrium diagrammatic technique for Hubbard Green functions. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4965825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Maicol A. Ochoa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Michael Galperin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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8
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Ramos-Berdullas N, Mandado M. Revisiting the Calculation of I/V Profiles in Molecular Junctions Using the Uncertainty Principle. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3827-3834. [PMID: 24689867 DOI: 10.1021/jp501485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ramos-Berdullas
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marcos Mandado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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9
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Yu Z, Chen J, Zhang L, Wang J. First-principles investigation of quantum transport through an endohedral N@C60 in the Coulomb blockade regime. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:495302. [PMID: 24214776 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/49/495302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an investigation of Coulomb blockade transport through an endohedral N@C60 weakly coupled with aluminum leads, employing the first-principles method combined with the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's function derived from the equation of motion beyond the Hartree-Fock approximation. The differential conductance characteristics of the molecular device are calculated within the Coulomb blockade regime, which shows the Coulomb diamond as observed experimentally. When the gate voltage is less than that of the degeneracy point, there are two peaks in the differential conductance with an excited state induced by the change of the exchange interaction between the spin of C60 and the encapsulated nitrogen atom due to the transition from N@C(1-)(60) to N@C(2-)(60), while for a gate voltage larger than that of the degeneracy point, no excited state is available due to the quenching of exchange energy. As a result, there is only one Coulomb blockade peak in the differential conductance from the electron tunneling through the highest energy level below the Fermi level. Our first-principles results are in good agreement with experimental data obtained by an endohedral N@C60 molecular device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Yu
- Department of Physics and the Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ramos-Berdullas N, Mandado M. Electronic Properties ofp-Xylylene andp-Phenylene Chains Subjected to Finite Bias Voltages: A New Highly Conducting Oligophenyl Structure. Chemistry 2013; 19:3646-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Hyldgaard P. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of interacting tunneling transport: variational grand potential, density functional formulation and nature of steady-state forces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:424219. [PMID: 23032101 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/42/424219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The standard formulation of tunneling transport rests on an open-boundary modeling. There, conserving approximations to nonequilibrium Green function or quantum statistical mechanics provide consistent but computational costly approaches; alternatively, the use of density-dependent ballistic-transport calculations (e.g., Lang 1995 Phys. Rev. B 52 5335), here denoted 'DBT', provides computationally efficient (approximate) atomistic characterizations of the electron behavior but has until now lacked a formal justification. This paper presents an exact, variational nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory for fully interacting tunneling and provides a rigorous foundation for frozen-nuclei DBT calculations as a lowest-order approximation to an exact nonequilibrium thermodynamic density functional evaluation. The theory starts from the complete electron nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics and I identify the operator for the nonequilibrium Gibbs free energy which, generally, must be treated as an implicit solution of the fully interacting many-body dynamics. I demonstrate a minimal property of a functional for the nonequilibrium thermodynamic grand potential which thus uniquely identifies the solution as the exact nonequilibrium density matrix. I also show that the uniqueness-of-density proof from a closely related Lippmann-Schwinger collision density functional theory (Hyldgaard 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 165109) makes it possible to express the variational nonequilibrium thermodynamic description as a single-particle formulation based on universal electron-density functionals; the full nonequilibrium single-particle formulation improves the DBT method, for example, by a more refined account of Gibbs free energy effects. I illustrate a formal evaluation of the zero-temperature thermodynamic grand potential value which I find is closely related to the variation in the scattering phase shifts and hence to Friedel density oscillations. This paper also discusses the difference between the here-presented exact thermodynamic forces and the often-used electrostatic forces. Finally the paper documents an inherent adiabatic nature of the thermodynamic forces and observes that these are suited for a nonequilibrium implementation of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hyldgaard
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Tosi L, Roura-Bas P, Aligia AA. Non-equilibrium conductance through a benzene molecule in the Kondo regime. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:365301. [PMID: 22892707 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/36/365301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Starting from exact eigenstates for a symmetric ring, we derive a low-energy effective generalized Anderson Hamiltonian which contains two spin doublets with opposite momenta and a singlet for the neutral molecule. For benzene, the singlet (doublets) represent the ground state of the neutral (singly charged) molecule. We calculate the non-equilibrium conductance through a benzene molecule, doped with one electron or a hole (i.e. in the Kondo regime), and connected to two conducting leads at different positions. We solve the problem using the Keldysh formalism and the non-crossing approximation. When the leads are connected in the para position (at 180°), the model is equivalent to the ordinary impurity Anderson model and its known properties are recovered. For other positions, there is a partial destructive interference in the co-tunneling processes involving the two doublets and, as a consequence, the Kondo temperature and the height and width of the central peak (for bias voltage V(b) near zero) of the differential conductance G = dI/dV(b) (where I is the current) are reduced. In addition, two peaks at finite V(b) appear. We study the position of these peaks, the temperature dependence of G and the spectral densities. Our formalism can also be applied to carbon nanotube quantum dots with intervalley mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tosi
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
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13
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Baratz A, Baer R. Nonmechanical Conductance Switching in a Molecular Tunnel Junction. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:498-502. [PMID: 26286054 DOI: 10.1021/jz201562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a molecular junction composed of a donor (polyacetylene strands) and an acceptor (malononitrile) connected together via a benzene ring and coupled weakly to source and drain electrodes on each side, for which a gate electrode induces intramolecular charge transfer, switching reversibly the character of conductance. Using a new brand of density functional theory, for which orbital energies are similar to the quasiparticle energies, we show that the junction displays a single, gate-tunable differential conductance channel in a wide energy range. The gate field must align parallel to the displacement vector between donors and acceptor to affect their potential difference; for strong enough fields, spontaneous intramolecular electron transfer occurs. This event radically affects conductance, reversing the charge of carriers, enabling a spin-polarized current channel. We discuss the physical principles controlling the operation of the junction and find interplay of quantum interference, charging, Coulomb blockade, and electron-hole binding energy effects. We expect that this switching behavior is a generic property for similar donor-acceptor systems of sufficient stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Baratz
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roi Baer
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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14
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SEIDEMAN TAMAR, GUO HONG. QUANTUM TRANSPORT AND CURRENT-TRIGGERED DYNAMICS IN MOLECULAR TUNNEL JUNCTIONS. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633603000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The modelling of nanoelectronic systems has been the topic of ever increasing activity for nearly two decades. Yet, new questions, challenges and opportunities continue to emerge. In this article we review theoretical and numerical work on two new developments in the theory of molecular-scale electronics. First we review a density functional theory analysis within the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green function formalism to predict nonlinear charge transport properties of nanoelectronic devices. Next we review a recently developed quantum mechanical formalism of current-triggered nuclear dynamics. Finally we combine these theories to describe from first principles the inelastic current and the consequent molecular dynamics in molecular heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- TAMAR SEIDEMAN
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL. 60208-3113, USA
| | - HONG GUO
- Center for the Physics of Materials & Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada H3A 2T8, Canada
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15
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Stadler R, Markussen T. Controlling the transmission line shape of molecular t-stubs and potential thermoelectric applications. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:154109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3653790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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16
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Molecular electronic junction transport: some pathways and some ideas. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011. [PMID: 21915776 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
When a single molecule, or a collection of molecules, is placed between two electrodes and voltage is applied, one has a molecular transport junction. We discuss such junctions, their properties, their description, and some of their applications. The discussion is qualitative rather than quantitative, and focuses on mechanism, structure/function relations, regimes and mechanisms of transport, some molecular regularities, and some substantial challenges facing the field. Because there are many regimes and mechanisms in transport junctions, we will discuss time scales, geometries, and inelastic scattering methods for trying to determine the properties of molecules within these junctions. Finally, we discuss some device applications, some outstanding problems, and some future directions.
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17
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Bergfield JP, Solomon GC, Stafford CA, Ratner MA. Novel quantum interference effects in transport through molecular radicals. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:2759-2764. [PMID: 21661755 DOI: 10.1021/nl201042m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigate electronic transport through molecular radicals and predict a correlation-induced transmission node arising from destructive interference between transport contributions from different charge states of the molecule. This quantum interference effect has no single-particle analog and cannot be described by effective single-particle theories. Large errors in the thermoelectric properties and nonlinear current-voltage response of molecular radical junctions are introduced when the complementary wave and particle aspects of the electron are not properly treated. A method to accurately calculate the low-energy transport through a radical-based junction using an Anderson model is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Bergfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.
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18
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Fracasso D, Valkenier H, Hummelen JC, Solomon GC, Chiechi RC. Evidence for Quantum Interference in SAMs of Arylethynylene Thiolates in Tunneling Junctions with Eutectic Ga–In (EGaIn) Top-Contacts. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9556-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ja202471m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Fracasso
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. Hummelen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma C. Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Volkovich R, Härtle R, Thoss M, Peskin U. Bias-controlled selective excitation of vibrational modes in molecular junctions: a route towards mode-selective chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:14333-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Markussen T, Stadler R, Thygesen KS. Graphical prediction of quantum interference-induced transmission nodes in functionalized organic molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:14311-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20924h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Bellini V, Affronte M. A Density-Functional Study of Heterometallic Cr-Based Molecular Rings. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14797-806. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107544z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Bellini
- CNR-Institute of NanoSciences - S3, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - M. Affronte
- CNR-Institute of NanoSciences - S3, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy, and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
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22
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Markussen T, Stadler R, Thygesen KS. The relation between structure and quantum interference in single molecule junctions. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:4260-4265. [PMID: 20879779 DOI: 10.1021/nl101688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference (QI) of electron pathways has recently attracted increased interest as an enabling tool for single-molecule electronic devices. Although various molecular systems have been shown to exhibit QI effects and a number of methods have been proposed for its analysis, simple guidelines linking the molecular structure to QI effects in the phase-coherent transport regime have until now been lacking. In the present work we demonstrate that QI in aromatic molecules is intimately related to the topology of the molecule's π system and establish a simple graphical scheme to predict the existence of QI-induced transmission antiresonances. The generality of the scheme, which is exact for a certain class of tight-binding models, is proved by a comparison to first-principles transport calculations for 10 different configurations of anthraquinone as well as a set of cross-conjugated molecular wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels Markussen
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Andergassen S, Meden V, Schoeller H, Splettstoesser J, Wegewijs MR. Charge transport through single molecules, quantum dots and quantum wires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:272001. [PMID: 20571187 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/27/272001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We review recent progress in the theoretical description of correlation and quantum fluctuation phenomena in charge transport through single molecules, quantum dots and quantum wires. Various physical phenomena are addressed, relating to cotunneling, pair-tunneling, adiabatic quantum pumping, charge and spin fluctuations, and inhomogeneous Luttinger liquids. We review theoretical many-body methods to treat correlation effects, quantum fluctuations, non-equilibrium physics, and the time evolution into the stationary state of complex nanoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Andergassen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik A, RWTH Aachen, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Valli A, Sangiovanni G, Gunnarsson O, Toschi A, Held K. Dynamical vertex approximation for nanoscopic systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:246402. [PMID: 20867318 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.246402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing complexity of nanoscopic systems and the modeling thereof, new theoretical tools are needed for a reliable calculation of complex systems with strong electronic correlations. To this end, we propose a new approach based on the recently introduced dynamical vertex approximation. We demonstrate its reliability already on the one-particle vertex (i.e., dynamical mean field theory) level by comparison with the exact solution. Modeling a quantum point contact with 110 atoms, we show that the contact becomes insulating already before entering the tunneling regime due to a local Mott-Hubbard transition occurring on the atoms which form the point contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valli
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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25
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Exploring local currents in molecular junctions. Nat Chem 2010; 2:223-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rincón J, Hallberg K, Aligia AA, Ramasesha S. Quantum interference in coherent molecular conductance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:266807. [PMID: 20366334 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.266807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Coherent electronic transport through individual molecules is crucially sensitive to quantum interference. We investigate the zero-bias and zero-temperature conductance through pi-conjugated annulene molecules weakly coupled to two leads for different source-drain configurations, finding an important reduction for certain transmission channels and for particular geometries as a consequence of destructive quantum interference between states with definite momenta. When translational symmetry is broken by an external perturbation we find an abrupt increase of the conductance through those channels. Previous studies concentrated on the effect at the Fermi energy, where this effect is very small. By analyzing the effect of symmetry breaking on the main transmission channels we find a much larger response thus leading to the possibility of a larger switching of the conductance through single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Rincón
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica and CONICET, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
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Parida P, Lakshmi S, Pati SK. Negative differential resistance in nanoscale transport in the Coulomb blockade regime. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:095301. [PMID: 21817384 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/9/095301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent experiments, we have studied the transport behavior of coupled quantum dot systems in the Coulomb blockade regime using the master (rate) equation approach. We explore how electron-electron interactions in a donor-acceptor system, resembling weakly coupled quantum dots with varying charging energy, can modify the system's response to an external bias, taking it from normal Coulomb blockade behavior to negative differential resistance (NDR) in the current-voltage characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Parida
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre For Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Campus, Bangalore 560064, India. DST Unit on Nanoscience, Jakkur Campus, Bangalore 560064, India
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28
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Green Function Techniques in the Treatment of Quantum Transport at the Molecular Scale. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02306-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Ke SH, Yang W, Baranger HU. Quantum-interference-controlled molecular electronics. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3257-3261. [PMID: 18803424 DOI: 10.1021/nl8016175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference in coherent transport through single molecular rings may provide a mechanism to control the current in molecular electronics. We investigate its applicability, using a single-particle Green function method combined with ab initio electronic structure calculations. We find that the quantum interference effect (QIE) is strongly dependent on the interaction between molecular pi-states and contact sigma-states. It is masked by sigma tunneling in small molecular rings with Au leads, such as benzene, due to strong pi-sigma hybridization, while it is preserved in large rings, such as [18]annulene, which then could be used to realize quantum interference effect (QIE) transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Huang Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, USA.
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Thygesen KS. Impact of exchange-correlation effects on the IV characteristics of a molecular junction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:166804. [PMID: 18518234 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.166804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of exchange-correlation effects in nonequilibrium quantum transport through molecular junctions is assessed by analyzing the IV curve of a generic two-level model using self-consistent many-body perturbation theory (second Born and GW approximations) on the Keldysh contour. It is demonstrated how the variation of the molecule's energy levels with the bias voltage can produce anomalous peaks in the dI/dV curve. This effect is suppressed by electronic self-interactions and is therefore underestimated in standard transport calculations based on density functional theory. Inclusion of dynamic correlations introduces quasiparticle (QP) scattering which in turn broadens the molecular resonances. The broadening increases strongly with bias and can have a large impact on the calculated IV characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Thygesen
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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May V, Kühn O. Photoinduced removal of the franck-condon blockade in single-electron inelastic charge transmission. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:1095-1099. [PMID: 18318503 DOI: 10.1021/nl073150h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new mechanism of charge transmission through a metal-molecule-metal junction is suggested that is based on optical driving of electronic transitions in the neutral and singly charged molecular state. The effects of strong electron vibrational coupling, intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution, and molecular de-excitation caused by electron-hole pair formation in the leads are taken into account. It is shown that current suppression due to the Franck-Condon blockade can be overcome by opening new transmission channels via photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkhard May
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-UniVersität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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33
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Welack S, Maddox JB, Esposito M, Harbola U, Mukamel S. Single-electron counting spectroscopy: simulation study of porphyrin in a molecular junction. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:1137-1141. [PMID: 18330999 DOI: 10.1021/nl073292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electron counting of a single porphyrin molecule between two electrodes shows a crossover from sub- to super-Poissonian statistics as the bias voltage is scanned. This is attributed to the simultaneous activation of states with electron transfer rates spanning several orders of magnitude. Time-series analysis of consecutive single-electron transfer events reveals fast and slow transport channels, which are not resolved by the average current alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Welack
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Toher C, Sanvito S. Efficient atomic self-interaction correction scheme for nonequilibrium quantum transport. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:056801. [PMID: 17930775 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.056801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Density-functional theory calculations of electronic transport based on local exchange and correlation functionals contain self-interaction errors. As a consequence, insulating molecules in weak contact with metallic electrodes erroneously form highly conducting junctions. Here we present a fully self-consistent and still computationally undemanding self-interaction correction scheme that overcomes these limitations. The method is implemented in the transport code SMEAGOL and applied to the prototypical case of benzene molecules and gold electrodes. The Kohn-Sham highest occupied molecular orbital now reproduces closely the negative of the molecular ionization potential and is moved away from the gold Fermi energy. This leads to a drastic reduction of the low-bias current in much better agreement with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Toher
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Lehmann J, Loss D. Sequential tunneling through molecular spin rings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:117203. [PMID: 17501086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.117203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We consider electrical transport through molecules with Heisenberg-coupled spins arranged in a ring structure in the presence of an easy-axis anisotropy. The molecules are coupled to two metallic leads and a gate. In the charged state of the ring, a Zener double-exchange mechanism links transport properties to the underlying spin structure. This leads to a remarkable contact-site dependence of the current, which for an antiferromagnetic coupling of the spins can lead to a total suppression of the zero-bias conductance when the molecule is contacted at adjacent sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Physics und Astronomy, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Bandyopadhyay A, Nittoh K, Wakayama Y, Yagi S, Miki K. Global Tuning of Local Molecular Phenomena: An Alternative Approach to Bionanoelectronics. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:20852-7. [PMID: 17048898 DOI: 10.1021/jp062311n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have applied simultaneous horizontal and vertical bias to a single molecule (2 nm(2)) in an ordered and disordered matrix to virtually isolate and tune its property without taking it out physically from its environment. Using a dedicated electrode system, we have locally tuned nanoscale properties vertically by STM, while stabilizing its environment by applying a global electric field horizontally. Using this technique, we report tuning of molecular conformations in room temperature, whose evolution of states has been statistically investigated. We have also shown control on switching of a few selected conformations by applying dual bias simultaneously. As we avoid any direct injection of charge into the system via electrode contact, this technique could be used as a generalized method to tune phenomena evolved in an environment of weak interaction from a large distance without destroying the property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Bandyopadhyay
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute of Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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37
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Muralidharan B, Ghosh AW, Datta S. Conductance in Coulomb blockaded molecules—fingerprints of wave-particle duality? MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020600943923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Toher C, Filippetti A, Sanvito S, Burke K. Self-interaction errors in density-functional calculations of electronic transport. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:146402. [PMID: 16241675 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.146402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
All density-functional calculations of single-molecule transport to date have used continuous exchange-correlation approximations. The lack of derivative discontinuity in such calculations leads to the erroneous prediction of metallic transport for insulating molecules. A simple and computationally undemanding atomic self-interaction correction (SIC) opens conduction gaps in I-V characteristics that otherwise are predicted metallic, as in the case of the prototype Au/ditholated-benzene/Au junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Toher
- School of Physics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Thielmann A, Hettler MH, König J, Schön G. Cotunneling current and shot noise in quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:146806. [PMID: 16241685 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.146806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We derive general expressions for the current and the shot noise, taking into account non-Markovian memory effects. In generalization of previous approaches, our theory is valid for an arbitrary Coulomb interaction and coupling strength and is applicable to quantum dots and more complex systems such as molecules. A fully consistent diagrammatic expansion up to second order in the coupling strength, taking into account cotunneling processes, allows for a study of transport in an intermediate coupling strength regime relevant to many current experiments. We discuss a single-level quantum dot as a first example, focusing on the Coulomb-blockade regime where the cotunneling processes dominate. We find super-Poissonian shot noise due to inelastic spin-flip cotunneling processes at an energy scale different from the one expected from first-order calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Thielmann
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nanotechnologie, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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40
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Lee J, Balabin IA, Beratan DN, Lee JG, Yates JT. Charge transfer through chemisorbed organic molecules – Neutralization of ionization processes at local sites in the molecule. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Delaney P, Greer JC. Correlated electron transport in molecular electronics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:036805. [PMID: 15323855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.036805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical and experimental values to date for the resistances of single molecules commonly disagree by orders of magnitude. By reformulating the transport problem using boundary conditions suitable for correlated many-electron systems, we approach electron transport across molecules from a new standpoint. Application of our correlated formalism to benzene-dithiol gives current-voltage characteristics close to experimental observations. The method can solve the open system quantum many-body problem accurately, treats spin exactly, and is valid beyond the linear response regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Delaney
- NMRC, University College, Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland.
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