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Schawinski K, Justham S, Wolf C, Podsiadlowski P, Sullivan M, Steenbrugge KC, Bell T, Röser HJ, Walker ES, Astier P, Balam D, Balland C, Carlberg R, Conley A, Fouchez D, Guy J, Hardin D, Hook I, Howell DA, Pain R, Perrett K, Pritchet C, Regnault N, Yi SK. Supernova Shock Breakout from a Red Supergiant. Science 2008; 321:223-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1160456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schawinski
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Stephen Justham
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Philipp Podsiadlowski
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Mark Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Katrien C. Steenbrugge
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Tony Bell
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Hermann-Josef Röser
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Emma S. Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Pierre Astier
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Dave Balam
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Christophe Balland
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Ray Carlberg
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Alex Conley
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Dominique Fouchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Julien Guy
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Delphine Hardin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Isobel Hook
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - D. Andrew Howell
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Reynald Pain
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Kathy Perrett
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Chris Pritchet
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Regnault
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
| | - Sukyoung K. Yi
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- St John's College Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JP, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, CNRS-IN2P3 and Universités Paris VI and VII, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8T 3P6, Canada
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