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Ghosh A, Pabi B, Pal AN, Saha-Dasgupta T. Machine-learning prediction of the formation of atomic gold wires by mechanically controlled break junctions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17045-17054. [PMID: 37846775 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenging issues in the formation of atomic wires in break-junction experiments is the formation of stable monoatomic chains of reasonable length. To address this issue, in this study, we present a combination of unsupervised and supervised machine learning models trained on the experimentally measured conductance traces, with a goal to develop a microscopic understanding. Applying a machine learning model to two independent data sets from two different samples containing 72 000 and 90 000 conductance-displacement traces of single-atomic junctions, respectively, we first obtain the optimum conditions of bias and the stretching rate for the formation of chains of length > 4 Å. A deep learning method is subsequently applied for the classification of individual breaking traces, leading to the identification of trace features related to long-chain formation. Further investigation by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations provides a molecular-level understanding of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwaryo Ghosh
- S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - Biswajit Pabi
- S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - Atindra Nath Pal
- S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta
- S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
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2
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Singh AK, Chakrabarti S, Vilan A, Smogunov A, Tal O. Electrically Controlled Bimetallic Junctions for Atomic-Scale Electronics. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7775-7781. [PMID: 37603598 PMCID: PMC10510575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Forming atomic-scale contacts with attractive geometries and material compositions is a long-term goal of nanotechnology. Here, we show that a rich family of bimetallic atomic-contacts can be fabricated in break-junction setups. The structure and material composition of these contacts can be controlled by atomically precise electromigration, where the metal types of the electron-injecting and sink electrodes determine the type of atoms added to, or subtracted from, the contact structure. The formed bimetallic structures include, for example, platinum and aluminum electrodes bridged by an atomic chain composed of platinum and aluminum atoms as well as iron-nickel single-atom contacts that act as a spin-valve break junction without the need for sophisticated spin-valve geometries. The versatile nature of atomic contacts in bimetallic junctions and the ability to control their structure by electromigration can be used to expand the structural variety of atomic and molecular junctions and their span of properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sudipto Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Ayelet Vilan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alexander Smogunov
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Oren Tal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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3
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Mu Y, Yu J, Hu R, Wang CH, Cheng C, Hou BP. Ab initio study revealing remarkable oscillatory effects and negative differential resistance in the molecular device of silicon carbide chains. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13265-13274. [PMID: 36924456 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the requirements of miniaturization and multifunction of molecular devices, we investigate the quantum transport properties of three unique molecular devices with silicon carbide chains bridging gold electrodes by an ab initio approach. The pronounced quantum effects, including the oscillation of charge, conductance, and current, together with the negative differential resistance (NDR), have been observed simultaneously over a wide region in the double-chain device. It changes the regular situation that these two effects usually emerge in single-chain systems at the same time. Inspections of the visible differences in the transport behaviors relevant to length and bias between the three devices further evidence that the interchain interaction and molecule-electrode coupling are decisive factors for achieving the quantum effects of oscillation and NDR. These two factors can improve electronic transport capability through enhancing transmission, strengthening the delocalization of frontier molecular orbitals, and reducing potential barriers. Our results not only lay a solid foundation for the application of silicon carbide chains in the miniaturized and multifunctional molecular devices with good performance, but also provide an efficient way to the continuing search for materials with multiple controllable quantum effects in nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Mu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rui Hu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Cui-Hong Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Cai Cheng
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bang-Pin Hou
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Moreira AC, Da Silva JC, Dias RP. Impurity absorption sites and parity effects: a deviation from Simmons's model in methylene bridges with an even number of carbons and its consequences in the conductance. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2023.114033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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5
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The Role of Quadruple Bonding in the Electron Transport through a Dimolybdenum Tetraacetate Molecule. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206912. [PMID: 36296505 PMCID: PMC9609368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A dimolybdenum tetraacetate (Mo2(O2CCH3)4) molecule is embedded between two electrodes formed by semi-infinite 1D monatomic chains of lithium, aluminum, and titanium atoms. Electron transport through the Mo2(O2CCH3)4 molecule is calculated. The role of quadrupole bonding in the transport properties of the studied systems is analyzed.
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6
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Magnetic control over the fundamental structure of atomic wires. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4113. [PMID: 35840588 PMCID: PMC9287401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
When reducing the size of materials towards the nanoscale, magnetic properties can emerge due to structural variations. Here, we show the reverse effect, where the structure of nanomaterials is controlled by magnetic manipulations. Using the break-junction technique, we find that the interatomic distance in platinum atomic wires is shorter or longer by up to ∼20%, when a magnetic field is applied parallel or perpendicular to the wires during their formation, respectively. The magnetic field direction also affects the wire length, where longer (shorter) wires are formed under a parallel (perpendicular) field. Our experimental analysis, supported by calculations, indicates that the direction of the applied magnetic field promotes the formation of suspended atomic wires with a specific magnetization orientation associated with typical orbital characteristics, interatomic distance, and stability. A similar effect is found for various metal and metal-oxide atomic wires, demonstrating that magnetic fields can control the atomistic structure of different nanomaterials when applied during their formation stage. Magnetic effects can emerge due to structural variations when the size of materials is reduced towards the nanoscale. Here, Chakrabarti et al demonstrates the opposite effect, showing that the interatomic distance in atomic wires changes by up to 20% depending on the orientation of an applied magnetic field.
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7
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Isshiki Y, Li D, Kiguchi M, Nishino T, Pauly F, Fujii S. Structural Asymmetry of Metallic Single-Atom Contacts Detected by Current-Voltage Characteristics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11919-11926. [PMID: 35225596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The complex behavior of the simplest atomic-scale conductors indicates that the electrode structure itself is significant in the design of future nanoscale devices. In this study, the structural asymmetry of metallic atomic contacts formed between two macroscopic Au electrodes at room temperature was investigated. Characteristic signatures of the structural asymmetries were detected by fast current-voltage (I-V) measurements with a time resolution of approximately 100 μs. Statistical analysis of more than 300,000 I-V curves obtained from more than 1000 contact-stretching processes demonstrates that the current rectification properties are correlated with the conductance of the nanocontacts. A substantial suppression of the variation in current rectification was observed for the atomic contacts with integer multiples of the conductance quantum. Statistical analysis of the time-resolved I-V curves revealed that the current rectification variations increased significantly from 500 μs onward before the breakage of the atomic contacts. Ab initio atomistic simulations of the stretching processes and corresponding I-V characteristics confirmed the magnitude of the rectification and related it to the structural asymmetries in the breakdown process of the junctions. Overall, we provide a better understanding of the interplay between geometric and electronic structures at atomically defined metal-metal interfaces by probing charge transport properties in extremely sensitive nanocontacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Isshiki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Dongzhe Li
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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8
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da Silva C, Nisioka K, Moura-Moreira M, Macedo R, Del Nero J. Tunneling rules for electronic transport in 1-D systems. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1976427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.A.B. da Silva
- Faculdade de Física, Universidade Federal do Pará, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - K.R. Nisioka
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - M. Moura-Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - R.F. Macedo
- Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - J. Del Nero
- Facudade de Física, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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9
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Zhao YQ, Lan JQ, Hu CE, Mu Y, Chen XR. Electron Transport of the Nanojunctions of (BN) n ( n = 1-4) Linear Chains: A First-Principles Study. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15727-15736. [PMID: 34179616 PMCID: PMC8223222 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We applied the density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function method (DFT + NEGF) to investigate the relationship between the conductance and chain length in the stretching process, the asymmetric coupling of contact points, and the influence of positive and negative biases on the electron transport properties of the nanojunctions formed by the coupling of (BN) n (n = 1-4) linear chains and Au(100)-3 × 3 semi-infinite electrodes. We find that the BN junction has the lowest stability and the (BN)2 junction has the highest stability. Under zero bias, the equilibrium conductance decreases as the chain length increases; px and py orbitals play a leading role in electron transport. In the bias range of -1.6 to 1.6 V, the current of the (BN) n (n = 1-4) linear chains increases linearly with increasing voltage. Under the same bias voltage, (BN)1 has the largest current, so its electron transport property is the best. The rectification effect reflects the asymmetry of the structure of BN linear chains themselves and the asymmetry of coupling with the Au electrode surfaces at both ends. With the chain length increasing, the transmission spectrum near E f is suppressed, the tunneling current decreases, and the rectification ratio increases. (BN)4 molecular junctions have the largest rectification ratio, reaching 13.32 when the bias voltage is 1.6 V. Additionally, the Au-N strong coupling is more conducive to the electron transport of the molecular chain than the Au-B weak coupling. Our calculations provide an important theoretical reference for the design and development of BN linear-chain nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qin Zhao
- College
of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jun-Qing Lan
- College
of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University
of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Cui-E Hu
- College
of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing
Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China
| | - Yi Mu
- School
of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan
Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- College
of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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10
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Zhang J, Ishizuka K, Tomitori M, Arai T, Hongo K, Maezono R, Tosatti E, Oshima Y. Peculiar Atomic Bond Nature in Platinum Monatomic Chains. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3922-3928. [PMID: 33914553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal atomic chains have been reported to change their electronic or magnetic properties by slight mechanical stimulus. However, the mechanical response has been veiled because of lack of information on the bond nature. Here, we clarify the bond nature in platinum (Pt) monatomic chains by our in situ transmission electron microscope method. The stiffness is measured with sub-N/m precision by quartz length-extension resonator. The bond stiffnesses at the middle of the chain and at the connection to the base are estimated to be 25 and 23 N/m, respectively, which are higher than the bulk counterpart. Interestingly, the bond length of 0.25 nm is found to be elastically stretched to 0.31 nm, corresponding to a 24% strain. Such peculiar bond nature could be explained by a novel concept of "string tension". This study is a milestone that will significantly change the way we think about atomic bonds in one-dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizuka
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomitori
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Toyoko Arai
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenta Hongo
- Research Center for Advanced Computing Infrastructure, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ryo Maezono
- School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Erio Tosatti
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM Democritos National Simulation Center, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Yoshifumi Oshima
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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11
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Xu W, Leary E, Hou S, Sangtarash S, González MT, Rubio‐Bollinger G, Wu Q, Sadeghi H, Tejerina L, Christensen KE, Agraït N, Higgins SJ, Lambert CJ, Nichols RJ, Anderson HL. Unusual Length Dependence of the Conductance in Cumulene Molecular Wires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8378-8382. [PMID: 31026371 PMCID: PMC6563095 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cumulenes are sometimes described as "metallic" because an infinitely long cumulene would have the band structure of a metal. Herein, we report the single-molecule conductance of a series of cumulenes and cumulene analogues, where the number of consecutive C=C bonds in the core is n=1, 2, 3, and 5. The [n]cumulenes with n=3 and 5 have almost the same conductance, and they are both more conductive than the alkene (n=1). This is remarkable because molecular conductance normally falls exponentially with length. The conductance of the allene (n=2) is much lower, because of its twisted geometry. Computational simulations predict a similar trend to the experimental results and indicate that the low conductance of the allene is a general feature of [n]cumulenes where n is even. The lack of length dependence in the conductance of [3] and [5]cumulenes is attributed to the strong decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap with increasing length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Edmund Leary
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
- Surface Science Research CentreUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 3BXUK
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | | | - M. Teresa González
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Gabino Rubio‐Bollinger
- Departamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaIFIMAC and Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - Lara Tejerina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - Nicolás Agraït
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaIFIMAC and Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | | | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
- Surface Science Research CentreUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 3BXUK
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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12
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Xu W, Leary E, Hou S, Sangtarash S, González MT, Rubio‐Bollinger G, Wu Q, Sadeghi H, Tejerina L, Christensen KE, Agraït N, Higgins SJ, Lambert CJ, Nichols RJ, Anderson HL. Unusual Length Dependence of the Conductance in Cumulene Molecular Wires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Edmund Leary
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Surface Science Research CentreUniversity of Liverpool Oxford Street Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK
| | - M. Teresa González
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Gabino Rubio‐Bollinger
- Departamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaIFIMAC and Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK
| | - Lara Tejerina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Nicolás Agraït
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaIFIMAC and Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | | | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryDonnan and Robert Robinson LaboratoriesUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Surface Science Research CentreUniversity of Liverpool Oxford Street Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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13
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Tewari S, Bakermans J, Wagner C, Galli F, van Ruitenbeek JM. Intuitive human interface to a scanning tunnelling microscope: observation of parity oscillations for a single atomic chain. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:337-348. [PMID: 30800573 PMCID: PMC6369976 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new way to control individual molecules and monoatomic chains is devised by preparing a human-machine augmented system in which the operator and the machine are connected by a real-time simulation. Here, a 3D motion control system is integrated with an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). Moreover, we coupled a real-time molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to the motion control system that provides a continuous visual feedback to the operator during atomic manipulation. This allows the operator to become a part of the experiment and to make any adaptable tip trajectory that could be useful for atomic manipulation in three dimensions. The strength of this system is demonstrated by preparing and lifting a monoatomic chain of gold atoms from a Au(111) surface in a well-controlled manner. We have demonstrated the existence of Fabry-Pérot-type electronic oscillations in such a monoatomic chain of gold atoms and determined its phase, which was difficult to ascertain previously. We also show here a new geometric procedure to infer the adatom positions and therefore information about the substrate atoms, which are not easily visible on clean metallic surfaces such as gold. This method enables a new controlled atom manipulation technique, which we will refer to as point contact pushing (PCP) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Tewari
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
- current address: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Bakermans
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
- current address: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Wagner
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Federica Galli
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan M van Ruitenbeek
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
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15
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Manjanath A, Roy A, Samanta A, Singh AK. Negative differential resistance in armchair silicene nanoribbons. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:275402. [PMID: 28557802 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa75b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to dimensional confinement of carriers and non-trivial changes in the electronic structure, novel tunable transport properties manifest in nanoscale materials. Here, we report using first-principles density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, the occurrence of negative differential resistance (NDR) in armchair silicene nanoribbons (ASNRs). Interestingly, NDR manifests only in pristine [Formula: see text] ASNRs, where [Formula: see text]. We show that the origin of such a novel transport phenomenon lies in the bias-induced changes in the density of states of this particular family of nanoribbons. With increasing width of the nanoribbons belonging to this family, the peak-to-valley ratios of current decrease due to the increase in the number of sub-bands leading to a reduction in NDR. NDR is possible not only in [Formula: see text] ASNRs, but also in mixed configurations of armchair and zigzag silicene nanoribbons. This universality of NDR along with its unprecedented width-induced tunability can be useful for silicene-based low-power logic and memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaditya Manjanath
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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16
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Kwapiński T. DOS cones along atomic chains. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:095304. [PMID: 28002044 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa5540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The electron transport properties of a linear atomic chain are studied theoretically within the tight-binding Hamiltonian and the Green's function method. Variations of the local density of states (DOS) along the chain are investigated. They are crucial in scanning tunnelling experiments and give important insight into the electron transport mechanism and charge distribution inside chains. It is found that depending on the chain parity the local DOS at the Fermi level can form cone-like structures (DOS cones) along the chain. The general condition for the local DOS oscillations is obtained and the linear behaviour of the local density function is confirmed analytically. DOS cones are characterized by a linear decay towards the chain which is in contrast to the propagation properties of charge density waves, end states and Friedel oscillations in one-dimensional systems. We find that DOS cones can appear due to non-resonant electron transport, the spin-orbit scattering or for chains fabricated on a substrate with localized electrons. It is also shown that for imperfect chains (e.g. with a reduced coupling strength between two neighboring sites) a diamond-like structure of the local DOS along the chain appears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kwapiński
- Institute of Physics, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, PL-20-031 Lublin, Poland
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17
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Johnson TK, Ivie JA, Jaruvang J, Monti OLA. Fast sensitive amplifier for two-probe conductance measurements in single molecule break junctions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:033904. [PMID: 28372377 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an amplifier based on the Wheatstone bridge designed specifically for use in single molecule break junctions. This amplifier exhibits superior performance due to its large bandwidth, flat frequency response, and high sensitivity. The amplifier is capable of measuring conductance values from 102 to 10-6G0 (G0 = 2e2/h), while maintaining a bandwidth in excess of 20 kHz, and shows remarkable resolution in the molecular conductance regime of 10-2 to 10-5 G0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler K Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Ivie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Jason Jaruvang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Oliver L A Monti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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18
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Intermediate tunnelling–hopping regime in DNA charge transport. Nat Chem 2015; 7:221-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Sanchez-Ochoa F, Cocoletzi GH, Canto G, Takeuchi N. Transport properties of atomic-size aluminum chains: first principles and nonequilibrium Green's function studies. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13567b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
First principles calculations are performed to investigate atomic structure and nonequilibrium Green's function for Al atomic scale chains transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Sanchez-Ochoa
- Instituto de Física
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- 72570 Puebla
- Mexico
| | | | - G. Canto
- Centro de Investigación en Corrosión
- Universidad Autónoma de Campeche
- San Francisco de Campeche
- México
| | - Noboru Takeuchi
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- CP. 22800 Ensenada
- Mexico
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20
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Bonardi P, Achilli S, Tantardini GF, Martinazzo R. Electron transport in carbon wires in contact with Ag electrodes: a detailed first principles investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18413-25. [PMID: 26106869 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The structure and electronic properties of carbon atom chains Cn in contact with Ag electrodes are investigated in detail with first principles means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bonardi
- Universitá degli Studi di Milano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Simona Achilli
- Universitá degli Studi di Milano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
| | - Gian Franco Tantardini
- Universitá degli Studi di Milano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
| | - Rocco Martinazzo
- Universitá degli Studi di Milano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
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21
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Vardimon R, Yelin T, Klionsky M, Sarkar S, Biller A, Kronik L, Tal O. Probing the orbital origin of conductance oscillations in atomic chains. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:2988-93. [PMID: 24810575 DOI: 10.1021/nl4041737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate periodical oscillations in the conductance of suspended Au and Pt atomic chains during elongation under mechanical stress. Analysis of conductance and shot noise measurements reveals that the oscillations are mainly related to variations in a specific conduction channel as the chain undergoes transitions between zigzag and linear atomic configurations. The calculated local electronic structure shows that the oscillations originate from varying degrees of hybridization between the atomic orbitals along the chain as a function of the zigzag angle. These variations are highly dependent on the directionally and symmetry of the relevant orbitals, in agreement with the order-of-magnitude difference between the Pt and Au oscillation amplitudes observed in experiment. Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of conductance to structural variations can be controlled by designing atomic-scale conductors in view of the directional interactions between atomic orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Vardimon
- Department of Chemical Physics and ‡Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel
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22
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Kwapiński T. Electronic properties of a quantum wire interacting with a surface: the role of periodically placed impurities. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:415304. [PMID: 24060853 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/41/415304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The transmittance and density of states (DOS) of a quantum wire which is tunnel coupled to the underlying substrate are investigated theoretically using the retarded Green's function method. The wire is composed of periodically placed impurities with Coulomb interactions and is modeled by a tight-binding Hamiltonian within the mean-field approximation. For a given periodicity of impurities along the wire we observe energy gaps in the structure of DOS. These gaps disappear for a wire coupled with the substrate electrode with localized electrons which leads to a metal-insulator transition in the system. Our numerical studies reveal that the transmittance through the system strongly depends on whether or not the substrate electrons are localized.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kwapiński
- Institute of Physics, M Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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23
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Barzilai S, Tavazza F, Levine LE. Ab initio study of the mechanical and transport properties of pure and contaminated silver nanowires. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:325303. [PMID: 23846722 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/32/325303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties and conductance of contaminated and pure silver nanowires were studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Several nanowires containing O2 on their surfaces were elongated along two different directions. All of the NWs thinned down to single atom chains. In most simulations, the breaking force was not affected by the presence of the O2, and similar fracture strengths of ≈1 nN were computed for the pure and impure NWs. When the O2 became incorporated in the single atom chain, the fracture occurred at the Ag-O bond and a lower fracture strength was found. All of the simulations showed that the impurity interacted with the silver atoms to reduce the electron density in its nearby vicinity. A variety of conductance effects were observed depending on the location of the impurity. When the impurity migrated during the elongation to the thinnest part of the NW, it reduced the conductance significantly, and an ≈1 G0 conductance (usually associated with a single atom chain) was calculated for three- and two-dimensional structures. When the impurity was adjacent to the single atom chain, the conductance reduced almost to zero. However, when it stayed far from the thinnest part of the NW, the impurity had only a small influence on the conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barzilai
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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24
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Yelin T, Vardimon R, Kuritz N, Korytár R, Bagrets A, Evers F, Kronik L, Tal O. Atomically wired molecular junctions: connecting a single organic molecule by chains of metal atoms. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1956-1961. [PMID: 23517527 DOI: 10.1021/nl304702z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using a break junction technique, we find a clear signature for the formation of conducting hybrid junctions composed of a single organic molecule (benzene, naphthalene, or anthracene) connected to chains of platinum atoms. The hybrid junctions exhibit metallic-like conductance (~0.1-1G0), which is rather insensitive to further elongation by additional atoms. At low bias voltage the hybrid junctions can be elongated significantly beyond the length of the bare atomic chains. Ab initio calculations reveal that benzene based hybrid junctions have a significant binding energy and high structural flexibility that may contribute to the survival of the hybrid junction during the elongation process. The fabrication of hybrid junctions opens the way for combining the different properties of atomic chains and organic molecules to realize a new class of atomic scale interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Yelin
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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25
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Simbeck AJ, Lanzillo N, Kharche N, Verstraete MJ, Nayak SK. Aluminum conducts better than copper at the atomic scale: a first-principles study of metallic atomic wires. ACS NANO 2012; 6:10449-10455. [PMID: 23083218 DOI: 10.1021/nn303950b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using a first-principles density functional method, we have studied the electronic structure, electron-phonon coupling, and quantum transport properties of atomic wires of Ag, Al, Au, and Cu. Non-equilibrium Green's function-based transport studies of finite atomic wires suggest that the conductivity of Al atomic wires is higher than that of Ag, Au, and Cu in contrast to the bulk where Al has the lowest conductivity among these systems. This is attributed to the higher number of eigenchannels in Al wires, which becomes the determining factor in the ballistic limit. On the basis of density functional perturbation theory, we find that the electron-phonon coupling constant of the Al atomic wire is lowest among the four metals studied, and more importantly, that the value is reduced by a factor of 50 compared to the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Simbeck
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.
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26
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Nguyen NB, García-Fuente A, Lebon A, Gallego LJ, Vega A. Electronic structure and transport properties of monatomic Fe chains in a vacuum and anchored to a graphene nanoribbon. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:455304. [PMID: 23092846 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/45/455304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure and transport properties of monatomic Fe wires of different characteristics are studied within the density functional theory. In both equidistant and dimerized (more stable) isolated wires, magnetism plays an important role since it leads to different shapes of the transmission coefficients for each spin component. In equidistant wires, electron localization around the Fermi level leads to symmetry breaking between d(xy) and d(x(2)-y(2)) bands. The main effect of the structural dimerization is to decrease the number of channels available for the minority spin component. When anchored to the edges of a graphene nanoribbon, the dimerization of the chain is preserved, despite the hybridization of the d states of Fe with the C atoms which gives way to a reduction in the number of d channels around the Fermi level. Most conduction is then led by an electronic channel from the ribbon and the sp(z) bands from the Fe wires. Suggestions to improve the spintronic ability of Fe wires are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Magnétisme de Bretagne, FRE CNRS 3137 Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, F-29285 Brest Cedex, France
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27
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Wawrzyniak-Adamczewska M, Kostyrko T. Defect-induced conductance oscillations in short atomic chains. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:185305. [PMID: 22498887 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/18/185305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electronic transport through a junction made of two gold electrodes connected with a gold chain containing a silver impurity is analyzed with a tight binding model and the density-functional theory. It is shown that the conductance depends in a simple way on the position of the impurity in the chain and the parity of the total number of atoms of the chain. For an odd chain the conductance takes on a higher value when the Ag impurity substitutes an even Au atom in the chain, and a lower one for an odd position of the Ag atom. In the case of an even chain the conductance hardly depends on the position of the Ag atom. This new kind of a defect-induced parity oscillation of the conductance is significantly more prominent than the well-known even-odd effect related to the dependence of the conductance on the parity of number of atoms in perfect chains.
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28
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29
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Väyrynen JI, Ojanen T. Chiral topological phases and fractional domain wall excitations in one-dimensional chains and wires. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:166804. [PMID: 22107417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.166804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
According to the general classification of topological insulators, there exist one-dimensional chirally (sublattice) symmetric systems that can support any number of topological phases. We introduce a zigzag fermion chain with spin-orbit coupling in magnetic field and identify three distinct topological phases. Zero-mode excitations, localized at the phase boundaries, are fractionalized: two of the phase boundaries support ±e/2 charge states while one of the boundaries support ±e and neutral excitations. In addition, a finite chain exhibits ±e/2 edge states for two of the three phases. We explain how the studied system generalizes the Peierls-distorted polyacetylene model and discuss possible realizations in atomic chains and quantum spin Hall wires.
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30
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Kwapiński T, Taranko R. Spin and charge pumping in a quantum wire: the role of spin-flip scattering and Zeeman splitting. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:405301. [PMID: 21931194 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/40/405301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically charge and spin pumps based on a linear configuration of quantum dots (quantum wire) which are disturbed by an external time-dependent perturbation. This perturbation forms an impulse which moves as a train pulse through the wire. It is found that the charge pumped through the system depends non-monotonically on the wire length, N. In the presence of the Zeeman splitting pure spin current flowing through the wire can be generated in the absence of charge current. Moreover, we observe electron pumping in a direction which does not coincide with the propagation direction of the pulse and the spin pumping direction (spin-charge separation). Additionally, on-site spin-flip processes significantly influence electron transport through the system and can also reverse the charge current direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kwapiński
- Institute of Physics, M Curie-Skłodowska University, PL-20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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31
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Tavazza F, Smith DT, Levine LE, Pratt JR, Chaka AM. Electron transport in gold nanowires: stable 1-, 2- and 3-dimensional atomic structures and noninteger conduction states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:126802. [PMID: 22026784 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.126802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Experimental conductivity measurements made during highly stable tensile deformation of Au nanowires show a rich variety of behaviors, including noninteger quantum conductance plateaus, transitions, and slopes. Using tight binding conductance calculations on simulated nanowires previously deformed using density functional theory, we demonstrate that all of these phenomena arise from structural transitions between deeply metastable ordered atomic configurations that self-organize during tensile deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tavazza
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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32
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Egami Y, Hirose K, Ono T. Time-saving first-principles calculation method for electron transport between jellium electrodes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:056706. [PMID: 21230618 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.056706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a time-saving simulator within the framework of the density functional theory to calculate the transport properties of electrons through nanostructures suspended between semi-infinite electrodes. By introducing the Fourier transform and preconditioning conjugate-gradient algorithms into the simulator, a highly efficient performance can be achieved in determining scattering wave functions and electron-transport properties of nanostructures suspended between semi-infinite jellium electrodes. To demonstrate the performance of the present algorithms, we study the conductance of metallic nanowires and the origin of the oscillatory behavior in the conductance of an Ir nanowire. It is confirmed that the s-d(z²) channel of the Ir nanowire exhibits the transmission oscillation with a period of two-atom length, which is also dominant in the experimentally obtained conductance trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Egami
- Nagasaki University Advanced Computing Center, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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33
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Kwapiński T. Conductance oscillations and charge waves in zigzag shaped quantum wires. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:295303. [PMID: 21399299 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/29/295303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport through a quantum wire (or coupled quantum dots) with time-dependent couplings between the nearest-neighbor and next-neighbor sites is studied by means of the evolution operator method and tight-binding Hamiltonian. Two geometries of a wire (linear and zigzag shaped) are considered in our calculations. Charge waves inside the wire and the conductance oscillation effect, i.e. the conductance as a function of the wire length, are analyzed. For a zigzag shaped wire with time-dependent couplings the conductance is characterized by a Fano-like resonance with many sideband peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kwapiński
- Institute of Physics, M Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
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34
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García-Fuente A, Vega A, García-Suárez VM, Ferrer J. Impact of dimerization and stretching on the transport properties of molybdenum atomic wires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:095205. [PMID: 20130348 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/9/095205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study the electrical and transport properties of monatomic Mo wires with different structural characteristics. We consider first periodic wires with interatomic distances ranging between the dimerized wire to that formed by equidistant atoms. We find that the dimerized case has a gap in the electronic structure which makes it insulating, as opposed to the equidistant or near-equidistant cases which are metallic. We also simulate two conducting one-dimensional Mo electrodes separated by a scattering region which contains a number of dimers between 1 and 6. The I-V characteristics strongly depend on the number of dimers and vary from ohmic to tunneling, with the presence of different gaps. We also find that stretched chains are ferromagnetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Fuente
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Optica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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35
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Leoni T, Zoubkoff R, Homri S, Candoni N, Vidakovic P, Ranguis A, Klein H, Saúl A, Dumas P. Are conductance plateaus independent events in atomic point contact measurements? A statistical approach. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:355401. [PMID: 21828849 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/35/355401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Conductance-elongation curves of gold atomic wires are measured using a scanning tunneling microscope break junction technique at room temperature. Landauer's conductance plateaus are individually identified and statistically analyzed. Both the probabilities to observe and the lengths of the two last plateaus (at conductance values close to 2e(2)/h and 4e(2)/h) are studied. All results converge to show that the occurrences of these two conductance plateaus on a conductance-elongation curve are statistically independent events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leoni
- CINaM-CNRS 3118, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Luminy, Case 913, 13288, Marseille Cedex, France
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36
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Khoo KH, Neaton JB, Son YW, Cohen ML, Louie SG. Negative differential resistance in carbon atomic wire-carbon nanotube junctions. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:2900-2905. [PMID: 18710297 DOI: 10.1021/nl8017143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Negative differential resistance (NDR) was recently observed in carbon nanotube junctions just before breaking and hypothesized to arise from the formation of monatomic carbon wires in the junction. Motivated by these results, a first-principles scattering-state approach, based on density functional theory, is used to study the transport properties of carbon chains covalently connecting metallic carbon nanotube leads at finite bias. The I- V characteristics of short carbon chains are predicted to exhibit even-odd behavior, and NDR is found for both even and odd chain junctions in our calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoong Hong Khoo
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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37
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Miao F, Ohlberg D, Stewart DR, Williams RS, Lau CN. Quantum conductance oscillations in metal/molecule/metal switches at room temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:016802. [PMID: 18764137 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.016802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We apply pressure-modulated conductance microscopy to metal/molecule/metal switches. Apart from pressure-induced conductance peaks that indicate nanoscale conducting pathways, we also observe dips and oscillations for devices with conductance between 1 and 2 conductance quantum. The conductance oscillations arise from interfering electron waves along one or two quantum conductance channels between two partially transmitting electrode surfaces at room temperature, underscoring these devices' potential as coherent, atomic-scale switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Miao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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38
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Fa W, Dong J. Stability of suspended gold and silver alloy monatomic chains. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:244703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2940332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Rosales L, Pacheco M, Barticevic Z, Latgé A, Orellana PA. Transport properties of graphene nanoribbons with side-attached organic molecules. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:065402. [PMID: 21730698 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/6/065402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work we address the effects on the conductance of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) of organic molecules adsorbed at the ribbon edge. We studied the case of armchair and zigzag GNRs with quasi-one-dimensional side-attached molecules, such as linear poly-aromatic hydrocarbons and poly(para-phenylene). These nanostructures are described using a single-band tight-binding Hamiltonian and their electronic conductance and density of states are calculated within the Green's function formalism based on real-space renormalization techniques. We found that the conductance exhibits an even-odd parity effect as a function of the length of the attached molecules. Furthermore, the corresponding energy spectrum of the molecules can be obtained as a series of Fano antiresonances in the conductance of the system. The latter result suggests that GNRs can be used as a spectrograph sensor device.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rosales
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Santa María, Casilla 110 V, Valparaíso, Chile
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40
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Tsutsui M, Shoji K, Taniguchi M, Kawai T. Formation and self-breaking mechanism of stable atom-sized junctions. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:345-9. [PMID: 18095741 DOI: 10.1021/nl073003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The self-breaking mechanism of gold junctions is studied by investigating stability of the atom-sized contacts. The single atom contact lifetime increases from about 0.02 to 200 s upon decreasing the junction stretching speed, while at the same time, the breaking force diminishes logarithmically. We find that the junction self-breaking processes involve sufficient atomic rearrangements, which thereby allow complete self-compensation of externally introduced strain at 0.8 pm/s. The present results have important implications on fabrication of stable single molecule junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makusu Tsutsui
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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41
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Egami Y, Aiba S, Hirose K, Ono T. Relationship between the geometric structure and conductance oscillation in nanowires. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2007; 19:365201. [PMID: 21694147 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/36/365201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical analysis of the electron transport properties of plain and bumpy jellium nanowires suspended between semi-infinite jellium electrodes is carried out, and the possibility of the experimental observation of the conductance oscillation with a period longer than the two-atom length is discussed. In both the nanowires, the transmission trace as a function of the nanowire length exhibits oscillatory behaviour. The period of the oscillation of the plain nanowire corresponds to π divided by the Bloch wavenumber of the electrons in the nanowire region. However, the period of the oscillation of the bumpy nanowire results in the least common multiple of π divided by the Bloch wavenumber and the geometric period of the nanowire. Our result indicates that the conductance oscillation with a period longer than the two-atom length can be experimentally observed if nanowires without any defects are formed in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Egami
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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42
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Liang YY, Jiang F, Zhou YX, Chen H, Note R, Mizuseki H, Kawazoe Y. Ab initiostudy of single-molecule rotation switch based on nonequilibrium Green’s function theory. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:084107. [PMID: 17764229 DOI: 10.1063/1.2771156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bistable molecular switches have been studied theoretically based on the first-principles calculation. The geometry structures of the switches studied in this paper can be triggered between two symmetrical structures by using an external applied electric field. I-V characteristic curves of the different molecule configurations have been calculated, and distinguishability of these characteristic curves indicates a switching behavior, the performance of which can be improved significantly by some suitable donors and acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Liang
- Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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43
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Kwapiński T. Conductance oscillations of a quantum wire disturbed by an adatom. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2007; 19:176218. [PMID: 21690963 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/17/176218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The conductance through a quantum wire with a side-attached atom (adatom) is investigated using the tight-binding Hamiltonian and Green function method. The adatom can be coupled with one or more atoms and it disturbs the electron transport through the wire. Analytical formulae for the transmittance are obtained for the most probable connections. Also, conductance oscillations as a function of the wire length are studied for a disturbed wire. It is shown that the period of these oscillations remains unchanged in the presence of the adatom but the value of the conductance strongly depends on the adatom-wire couplings and the kind of connections of the adatom to the wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kwapiński
- Institute of Physics, M Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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44
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Kiguchi M, Stadler R, Kristensen IS, Djukic D, van Ruitenbeek JM. Evidence for a single hydrogen molecule connected by an atomic chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:146802. [PMID: 17501300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.146802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stable, single-molecule conducting-bridge configurations are typically identified from peak structures in a conductance histogram. In previous work on Pt with H2 at cryogenic temperatures it has been shown that a peak near 1G0 identifies a single-molecule Pt-H2-Pt bridge. The histogram shows an additional structure with lower conductance that has not been identified. Here, we show that it is likely due to a hydrogen decorated Pt chain in contact with the H2 molecular bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kiguchi
- Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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45
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Grigoriev A, Skorodumova NV, Simak SI, Wendin G, Johansson B, Ahuja R. Electron transport in stretched monoatomic gold wires. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:236807. [PMID: 17280228 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.236807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The conductance of monoatomic gold wires containing 3-7 gold atoms has been obtained from ab initio calculations. The transmission is found to vary significantly depending on the wire stretching and the number of incorporated atoms. Such oscillations are determined by the electronic structure of the one-dimensional (1D) part of the wire between the contacts. Our results indicate that the conductivity of 1D wires can be suppressed without breaking the contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grigoriev
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics, Box 530, Uppsala University, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Meyer J, Bredow T, Tegenkamp C, Pfnür H. Thiol and thiolate bond formation of ferrocene-1,1-dithiol to a Ag(111) surface. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:194705. [PMID: 17129148 DOI: 10.1063/1.2387169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using density functional calculations, we show that the adsorption of ferrocene dithiol on the Ag(111) surface is remarkably flexible, i.e., a large number of different configurations have binding energies that differ by less than 0.1 eV per molecule. The thiolate bond is slightly favored over the thiol bond (by less than 0.1 eV) but may not be formed due to considerable activation barriers. Electronically, we found that the thiolate bound molecule is conducting, whereas thiol bonds turn it into semiconducting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meyer
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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47
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Tada T, Kondo M, Yoshizawa K. Green's function formalism coupled with Gaussian broadening of discrete states for quantum transport: application to atomic and molecular wires. J Chem Phys 2006; 121:8050-7. [PMID: 15485269 DOI: 10.1063/1.1799991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A Green's function formalism incorporating broadened density of states (DOS) is proposed for the calculation of electrical conductance. In cluster-molecule-cluster systems, broadened DOS of the clusters are defined as continuous DOS of electrodes and used to calculate Green's function of electrodes. This approach combined with density functional theory is applied to the electrical transmission of gold atomic wires and molecular wires consisting of benzene-1,4-dithiolate, benzene-1,4-dimethanethiolate, 4,4(')-bipyridine, hexane dithiolate, and octane dithiolate. The B3LYP, B3PW91, MPW1PW91, SVWN, and BPW91 functionals with the LANL2DZ, CEP, and SDD basis sets are employed in the calculation of conductance. The width parameter was successfully determined to reproduce the quantum unit of conductance 2e(2)/h in gold atomic wires. The combination of the B3LYP hybrid functional and the CEP-31G basis set is excellent in reproducing measured conductances of molecular wires by Tao et al. [Science 301, 1221 (2003); J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 16164 (2003); Nano Lett. 4, 267 (2004)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Tada
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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48
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Jiang F, Zhou YX, Chen H, Note R, Mizuseki H, Kawazoe Y. Self-consistent study of single molecular transistor modulated by transverse field. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:084710. [PMID: 16965042 DOI: 10.1063/1.2337286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a self-consistent method to study the current of the single molecular transistor modulated by the transverse field in the level of the density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green function method. The numerical results show that both the polyacene-dithiol molecules and the fused-ring thiophene molecules are the potential high-frequency molecular transistors controlled by the transverse field. The longer molecules of the polyacene-dithiol or the fused-ring thiophene are in favor of realizing the gate-bias controlled molecular transistor. The theoretical results suggest the related experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jiang
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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49
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Kriplani NM, Nackashi DP, Amsinck CJ, Di Spigna NH, Steer MB, Franzon PD, Rick RL, Solomon GC, Reimers JR. Physically based molecular device model in a transient circuit simulator. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Gelin MF, Li Z, Kosov DS. Self-similarity of single-channel transmission for electron transport in nanowires. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:104703. [PMID: 16542093 DOI: 10.1063/1.2174959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that the single-channel transmission in the resonance tunneling regime exhibits self-similarity as a function of the nanowire length and the energy of incident electrons. The self-similarity is used to design the nonlinear transformation of the nanowire length and energy which, on the basis of known values of transmission for a certain region on the energy-length plane, yields transmissions for other regions on this plane. Test calculations with a one-dimensional tight-binding model illustrate the described transformations. Density function theory based transport calculations of Na atomic wires confirm the existence of the self-similarity in the transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Gelin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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