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Cho S, Park JH, Hong J, Jung J, Kim BS, Han G, Kyung W, Kim Y, Mo SK, Denlinger JD, Shim JH, Han JH, Kim C, Park SR. Experimental Observation of Hidden Berry Curvature in Inversion-Symmetric Bulk 2H-WSe_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:186401. [PMID: 30444409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.186401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the hidden Berry curvature in bulk 2H-WSe_{2} by utilizing the surface sensitivity of angle resolved photoemission (ARPES). The symmetry in the electronic structure of transition metal dichalcogenides is used to uniquely determine the local orbital angular momentum (OAM) contribution to the circular dichroism (CD) in ARPES. The extracted CD signals for the K and K^{'} valleys are almost identical, but their signs, which should be determined by the valley index, are opposite. In addition, the sign is found to be the same for the two spin-split bands, indicating that it is independent of spin state. These observed CD behaviors are what are expected from Berry curvature of a monolayer of WSe_{2}. In order to see if CD-ARPES is indeed representative of hidden Berry curvature within a layer, we use tight binding analysis as well as density functional calculation to calculate the Berry curvature and local OAM of a monolayer WSe_{2}. We find that measured CD-ARPES is approximately proportional to the calculated Berry curvature as well as local OAM, further supporting our interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Cho
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Park
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisook Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkeun Jung
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seo Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Han
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonshik Kyung
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California 94720, USA
| | - Yeongkwan Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - S-K Mo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California 94720, USA
| | - J D Denlinger
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California 94720, USA
| | - Ji Hoon Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Han
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyoung Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ryong Park
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ishida Y, Kanto H, Kikkawa A, Taguchi Y, Ito Y, Ota Y, Okazaki K, Malaeb W, Mulazzi M, Okawa M, Watanabe S, Chen CT, Kim M, Bell C, Kozuka Y, Hwang HY, Tokura Y, Shin S. Common origin of the circular-dichroism pattern in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of SrTiO3 and Cu(x)Bi2Se3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:077601. [PMID: 21902429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.077601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism in the angular distribution of photoelectrons from SrTiO(3):Nb and Cu(x)Bi(2)Se(3) is investigated by 7-eV laser angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. In addition to the well-known node that occurs in the circular dichroism pattern when the incidence plane matches the mirror plane of the crystal, we show that another type of node occurs when the mirror plane of the crystal is vertical to the incidence plane and the electronic state is two-dimensional. The flower-shaped circular dichroism patterns in the angular distribution occurring around the Fermi level of SrTiO(3):Nb and around the Dirac point of Cu(x)Bi(2)Se(3) are explained on equal footings. We point out that the penetration depth of the topological states of Cu(x)Bi(2)Se(3) depends on momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishida
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Vyalikh DV, Danzenbächer S, Kucherenko Y, Kummer K, Krellner C, Geibel C, Holder MG, Kim TK, Laubschat C, Shi M, Patthey L, Follath R, Molodtsov SL. k Dependence of the crystal-field splittings of 4f states in rare-earth systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:237601. [PMID: 21231502 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.237601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The occupation, energy separation, and order of the crystal-field-split 4f states are crucial for the understanding of the magnetic properties of rare-earth systems. We provide the experimental evidence that crystal-field-split 4f states exhibit energy dispersion in momentum space leading to variations of energy spacings between them and even of their energy sequence across the Brillouin zone. These observations were made by performing angle-resolved photoemission experiments on YbRh(2)Si(2) and properly simulated within a simple model based on results obtained by inelastic neutron scattering experiments and band structure calculations. Our findings should be generally applicable to rare-earth systems and have considerable impact on the understanding of magnetism and related phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Vyalikh
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Norman MR, Kaminski A, Rosenkranz S, Campuzano JC. Comment on "Circular dichroism in the angle-resolved photoemission spectrum of the high-temperature Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ superconductor: can these measurements be interpreted as evidence for time-reversal symmetry breaking?". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:189701-189702. [PMID: 21231148 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.189701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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5
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Arpiainen V, Bansil A, Lindroos M. Circular dichroism in the angle-resolved photoemission spectrum of the high-temperature Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8+delta} superconductor: can these measurements be interpreted as evidence for time-reversal symmetry breaking? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:067005. [PMID: 19792600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.067005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report first-principles computations of the angle-resolved photoemission response with circularly polarized light in Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8+delta} for the purpose of delineating contributions to the circular dichroism resulting from distortions and modulations of the crystal lattice. Comparison with available experimental results shows that the measured circular dichroism from antinodal mirror planes is reproduced in quantitative detail in calculations employing the average orthorhombic crystal structure. We thus conclude that the existing angle-resolved photoemission measurements can be understood essentially within the framework of the conventional picture, without the need to invoke unconventional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Arpiainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
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6
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Strässle S, Roos J, Mali M, Keller H, Ohno T. Lack of evidence for orbital-current effects in the high-temperature Y2Ba4Cu7O15-delta superconductor using 89Y nuclear magnetic resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:237001. [PMID: 19113581 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.237001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have performed NMR measurements at the Y site on a c-axis-oriented powder sample of the cuprate superconductor Y2Ba4Cu7O15-delta to search for the possible orbital-current phase. The temperature dependence of the Y linewidth and relaxation behavior in the normal-conducting phase were studied down to 100 K. These measurements give upper limits for a static magnetic field and the amplitude of a fluctuating magnetic field at the Y site of < or approximately 0.15 and < or approximately 0.7 mT, respectively. These values provide significant constraints on possible static or quasistatic orbital currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strässle
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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7
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Unusual magnetic order in the pseudogap region of the superconductor HgBa2CuO4+delta. Nature 2008; 455:372-5. [PMID: 18800135 DOI: 10.1038/nature07251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pseudogap region of the phase diagram is an important unsolved puzzle in the field of high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity, characterized by anomalous physical properties. There are open questions about the number of distinct phases and the possible presence of a quantum-critical point underneath the superconducting dome. The picture has remained unclear because there has not been conclusive evidence for a new type of order. Neutron scattering measurements for YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+delta) (YBCO) resulted in contradictory claims of no and weak magnetic order, and the interpretation of muon spin relaxation measurements on YBCO and of circularly polarized photoemission experiments on Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta)(refs 12, 13) has been controversial. Here we use polarized neutron diffraction to demonstrate for the model superconductor HgBa(2)CuO(4+delta) (Hg1201) that the characteristic temperature T* marks the onset of an unusual magnetic order. Together with recent results for YBCO, this observation constitutes a demonstration of the universal existence of such a state. The findings appear to rule out theories that regard T* as a crossover temperature rather than a phase transition temperature. Instead, they are consistent with a variant of previously proposed charge-current-loop order that involves apical oxygen orbitals, and with the notion that many of the unusual properties arise from the presence of a quantum-critical point.
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8
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MacDougall GJ, Aczel AA, Carlo JP, Ito T, Rodriguez J, Russo PL, Uemura YJ, Wakimoto S, Luke GM. Absence of broken time-reversal symmetry in the pseudogap state of the high temperature La(2-x)SrxCuO4 superconductor from muon-spin-relaxation measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:017001. [PMID: 18764143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.017001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have performed zero-field muon-spin-relaxation measurements on single crystals of La(2-x)SrxCuO4 to search for spontaneous currents in the pseudogap state. By comparing measurements on materials across the phase diagram, we put strict upper limits on any possible time-reversal symmetry breaking fields that could be associated with the pseudogap. Comparison between experimental limits and the proposed circulating current states effectively eliminates the possibility that such states exist in this family of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J MacDougall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S-4M1
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9
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Greiter M, Thomale R. No evidence for spontaneous orbital currents in numerical studies of three-band models for the CuO planes of high temperature superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:027005. [PMID: 17678249 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.027005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have numerically evaluated the current-current correlations for three-band models of the CuO planes in high-T(c) superconductors at hole doping x = 1/8. The results show no evidence for the orbital current patterns proposed by Varma. If such patterns exist, the associated energy is estimated to be smaller than 5 meV per link even if [formula: see text]. Assuming that the three-band models are adequate, quantum critical fluctuations of such patterns hence cannot be responsible for phenomena occurring at significantly higher energies, such as superconductivity or the anomalous properties of the strange metal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Greiter
- Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Universität Karlsruhe, D 76128 Karlsruhe
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10
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Kondo T, Takeuchi T, Kaminski A, Tsuda S, Shin S. Evidence for two energy scales in the superconducting state of optimally doped (Bi,Pb)2(Sr,La)2CuO6+delta. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:267004. [PMID: 17678121 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.267004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to investigate the energy gap(s) in (Bi,Pb)2(Sr,La)2CuO6+delta. We find that the spectral gap has two components in the superconducting state: a superconducting gap and pseudogap. Differences in their momentum and temperature dependence suggest that they represent two separate energy scales. Spectra near the node reveal a sharp peak with a small gap below T(c) that closes at T(c). Near the antinode, spectra are broad with a large energy gap of approximately 40 meV above and below T(c). The latter spectral shape and gap magnitude are almost constant across T(c), indicating that the pseudogap state coexists with the superconducting state below T(c), and it dominates spectra around the antinode. We speculate that the pseudogap state competes with the superconductivity by diminishing spectral weight in antinodal regions, where the superconducting gap is largest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Crystalline Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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11
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Mans A, Santoso I, Huang Y, Siu WK, Tavaddod S, Arpiainen V, Lindroos M, Berger H, Strocov VN, Shi M, Patthey L, Golden MS. Experimental proof of a structural origin for the shadow fermi surface of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:107007. [PMID: 16605782 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
By combining surprising new results from a full polarization analysis of nodal angle-resolved photoemission data from pristine and modulation-free Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) with structural information from LEED and ab initio one-step photoemission simulations, we prove that the shadow Fermi surface in these systems is of structural origin, being due to orthorhombic distortions from tetragonal symmetry present both in surface and bulk. Consequently, one of the longest standing open issues in the investigation of the Fermi surface of these widely studied systems finally meets its resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mans
- van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, NL-1018XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Borisenko SV, Kordyuk AA, Koitzsch A, Fink J, Geck J, Zabolotnyy V, Knupfer M, Büchner B, Berger H, Falub M, Shi M, Krempasky J, Patthey L. Parity of the pairing bosons in a high-temperature Pb-Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 bilayer superconductor by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:067001. [PMID: 16606032 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.067001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a novel effect in the bilayer Pb-Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (Pb-Bi2212) high-T(c) superconductor by means of angle-resolved photoemission with circularly polarized excitation. Different scattering rates, determined as a function of energy separately for the bonding and antibonding copper-oxygen bands, strongly imply that the dominating scattering channel is odd with respect to layer exchange within a bilayer. This is inconsistent with a phonon-mediated scattering and favors the participation of the odd collective spin excitations in the scattering mechanism in near-nodal regions of the k space, suggesting a magnetic nature of the pairing mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Borisenko
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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13
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Borisenko SV, Kordyuk AA, Koitzsch A, Knupfer M, Fink J, Berger H, Lin CT. Superconductors: time-reversal symmetry breaking? Nature 2004; 431:1 p following 39. [PMID: 15346602 DOI: 10.1038/nature02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One of the mysteries of modern condensed-matter physics is the nature of the pseudogap state of the superconducting cuprates. Kaminski et al. claim to have observed signatures of time-reversal symmetry breaking in the pseudogap regime in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi2212). Here we argue that the observed circular dichroism is due to the 51 superstructure replica of the electronic bands and therefore cannot be considered as evidence for spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Borisenko
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, PO Box 270016, 01171, Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Campuzano JC, Kaminski A, Rosenkranz S, Fretwell HM. Time-reversal symmetry breaking? (reply). Nature 2004. [DOI: 10.1038/nature02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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