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Bianchet LC, Alves N, Zarraoa L, Bruno N, Mitchell MW. Manipulating and measuring single atoms in the Maltese cross geometry. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 1:102. [PMID: 37645131 PMCID: PMC10446080 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13972.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Optical microtraps at the focus of high numerical aperture (high-NA) imaging systems enable efficient collection, trapping, detection and manipulation of individual neutral atoms for quantum technology and studies of optical physics associated with super- and sub-radiant states. The recently developed "Maltese cross" geometry (MCG) atom trap uses four in-vacuum lenses to achieve four-directional high-NA optical coupling to single trapped atoms and small atomic arrays. This article presents the first extensive characterisation of atomic behaviour in a MCG atom trap. Methods: We employ a MCG system optimised for high coupling efficiency and characterise the resulting properties of the trap and trapped atoms. Using current best practices, we measure occupancy, loading rate, lifetime, temperature, fluorescence anti-bunching and trap frequencies. We also use the four-directional access to implement a new method to map the spatial distribution of collection efficiency from high-NA optics: we use the two on-trap-axis lenses to produce a 1D optical lattice, the sites of which are stochastically filled and emptied by the trap loading process. The two off-trap-axis lenses are used for imaging and single-mode collection. Correlations of single-mode and imaging fluorescence signals are then used to map the single-mode collection efficiency. Results: We observe trap characteristics comparable to what has been reported for single-atom traps with one- or two-lens optical systems. The collection efficiency distribution in the axial and transverse directions is directly observed to be in agreement with expected collection efficiency distribution from Gaussian beam optics. Conclusions: The multi-directional high-NA access provided by the Maltese cross geometry enables complex manipulations and measurements not possible in geometries with fewer directions of access, and can be achieved while preserving other trap characteristics such as lifetime, temperature, and trap size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena C. Bianchet
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Natalia Alves
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Laura Zarraoa
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Natalia Bruno
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, Florence, 50125, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Morgan W. Mitchell
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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2
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Rangani Jahromi H, Lo Franco R. Hilbert-Schmidt speed as an efficient figure of merit for quantum estimation of phase encoded into the initial state of open n-qubit systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7128. [PMID: 33782438 PMCID: PMC8007828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hilbert-Schmidt speed (HSS) is a special type of quantum statistical speed which is easily computable, since it does not require diagonalization of the system state. We find that, when both HSS and quantum Fisher information (QFI) are calculated with respect to the phase parameter encoded into the initial state of an n-qubit register, the zeros of the HSS dynamics are actually equal to those of the QFI dynamics. Moreover, the signs of the time-derivatives of both HSS and QFI exactly coincide. These findings, obtained via a thorough investigation of several paradigmatic open quantum systems, show that HSS and QFI exhibit the same qualitative time evolution. Therefore, HSS reveals itself as a powerful figure of merit for enhancing quantum phase estimation in an open quantum system made of n qubits. Our results also provide strong evidence for both contractivity of the HSS under memoryless dynamics and its sensitivity to system-environment information backflows to detect the non-Markovianity in high-dimensional systems, as suggested in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rangani Jahromi
- grid.470225.6Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Jahrom University, P.B. 74135111, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Rosario Lo Franco
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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3
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Jia N, Qian J, Kirova T, Juzeliūnas G, Reza Hamedi H. Ultraprecise Rydberg atomic localization using optical vortices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:36936-36952. [PMID: 33379777 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a robust localization of the highly-excited Rydberg atoms interacting with doughnut-shaped optical vortices. Compared with the earlier standing-wave (SW)-based localization methods, a vortex beam can provide an ultraprecise two-dimensional localization solely in the zero-intensity center, within a confined excitation region down to the nanometer scale. We show that the presence of the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction permits counter-intuitively much stronger confinement towards a high spatial resolution when it is partially compensated by a suitable detuning. In addition, applying an auxiliary SW modulation to the two-photon detuning allows a three-dimensional confinement of Rydberg atoms. In this case, the vortex field provides a transverse confinement, while the SW modulation of the two-photon detuning localizes the Rydberg atoms longitudinally. To develop a new subwavelength localization technique, our results pave a path one step closer to reducing excitation volumes to the level of a few nanometers, representing a feasible implementation for the future experimental applications.
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Bienias P, Subhankar S, Wang Y, Tsui TC, Jendrzejewski F, Tiecke T, Juzeliūnas G, Jiang L, Rolston SL, Porto JV, Gorshkov AV. Coherent optical nanotweezers for ultracold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2020; 102:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.013306. [PMID: 33344798 PMCID: PMC7745712 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.102.013306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There has been a recent surge of interest and progress in creating subwavelength free-space optical potentials for ultracold atoms. A key open question is whether geometric potentials, which are repulsive and ubiquitous in the creation of subwavelength free-space potentials, forbid the creation of narrow traps with long lifetimes. Here, we show that it is possible to create such traps. We propose two schemes for realizing subwavelength traps and demonstrate their superiority over existing proposals. We analyze the lifetime of atoms in such traps and show that long-lived bound states are possible. This work allows for subwavelength control and manipulation of ultracold matter, with applications in quantum chemistry and quantum simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S. Subhankar
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T-C. Tsui
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F. Jendrzejewski
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Tiecke
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - G. Juzeliūnas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - L. Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S. L. Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J. V. Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A. V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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5
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Han HS, Lee HG, Cho D. Site-Specific and Coherent Manipulation of Individual Qubits in a 1D Optical Lattice with a 532-nm Site Separation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:133201. [PMID: 31012628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate gate operations on a single qubit at a specific site without perturbing the coherence of an adjacent qubit in a 1D optical lattice when the site separation is only 532 nm. Three types of spin rotations are performed on the target qubit with fidelities between 0.88±0.05 and 0.99±0.01, whereas the superposition state of the adjacent one is preserved with fidelities between 0.93±0.04 and 0.97±0.04. The qubit is realized by a pair of Zeeman-sensitive ground hyperfine states of a ^{7}Li atom, and each site is identified by its resonance frequency in a magnetic field gradient of 1.6 G/cm. We achieve the site-specific resolving power in the frequency domain by using magic polarization for the lattice beam that allows a Fourier-limited transition linewidth as well as by highly stabilizing the lattice parameters and the ambient conditions. We also discuss a two-atom entanglement scheme using a blockade by cold collisional shifts in a 1D superlattice, for which a coherent manipulation of individual qubits is a prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyok Sang Han
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyun Gyung Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - D Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Sheng C, He X, Xu P, Guo R, Wang K, Xiong Z, Liu M, Wang J, Zhan M. High-Fidelity Single-Qubit Gates on Neutral Atoms in a Two-Dimensional Magic-Intensity Optical Dipole Trap Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:240501. [PMID: 30608742 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.240501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a conventional approach, optical dipole trap (ODT) arrays with linear polarization have been widely used to assemble neutral-atom qubits for building a quantum computer. However, due to the inherent scalar differential light shifts (DLS) of qubit states induced by trapping fields, the microwave-driven gates acting on single qubits suffer from errors on the order of 10^{-3}. Here, we construct a DLS compensated ODT array based upon a recently developed magic-intensity trapping technique. In such a magic-intensity optical dipole trap (MI-ODT) array, the detrimental effects of DLS are efficiently mitigated so that the performance of global microwave-driven Clifford gates is significantly improved. Experimentally, we achieve an average error of (4.7±1.1)×10^{-5} per global gate, which is characterized by randomized benchmarking in a 4×4 MI-ODT array. Moreover, we experimentally study the correlation between the coherence time and gate errors in a single MI-ODT with an optimum error per gate of (3.0±0.7)×10^{-5}. Our demonstration shows that MI-ODT array is a versatile platform for building scalable quantum computers with neutral atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ruijun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zongyuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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7
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Robens C, Zopes J, Alt W, Brakhane S, Meschede D, Alberti A. Low-Entropy States of Neutral Atoms in Polarization-Synthesized Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:065302. [PMID: 28234497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.065302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We create low-entropy states of neutral atoms by utilizing a conceptually new optical-lattice technique that relies on a high-precision, high-bandwidth synthesis of light polarization. Polarization-synthesized optical lattices provide two fully controllable optical lattice potentials, each of them confining only atoms in either one of the two long-lived hyperfine states. By employing one lattice as the storage register and the other one as the shift register, we provide a proof of concept using four atoms that selected regions of the periodic potential can be filled with one particle per site. We expect that our results can be scaled up to thousands of atoms by employing an atom-sorting algorithm with logarithmic complexity, which is enabled by polarization-synthesized optical lattices. Vibrational entropy is subsequently removed by sideband cooling methods. Our results pave the way for a bottom-up approach to creating ultralow-entropy states of a many-body system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Robens
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Zopes
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Alt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Brakhane
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Meschede
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Alberti
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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8
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Crow D, Joynt R, Saffman M. Improved Error Thresholds for Measurement-Free Error Correction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:130503. [PMID: 27715097 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.130503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by limitations and capabilities of neutral atom qubits, we examine whether measurement-free error correction can produce practical error thresholds. We show that this can be achieved by extracting redundant syndrome information, giving our procedure extra fault tolerance and eliminating the need for ancilla verification. The procedure is particularly favorable when multiqubit gates are available for the correction step. Simulations of the bit-flip, Bacon-Shor, and Steane codes indicate that coherent error correction can produce threshold error rates that are on the order of 10^{-3} to 10^{-4}-comparable with or better than measurement-based values, and much better than previous results for other coherent error correction schemes. This indicates that coherent error correction is worthy of serious consideration for achieving protected logical qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Crow
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Robert Joynt
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Saffman
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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9
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He S, Su SL, Wang DY, Sun WM, Bai CH, Zhu AD, Wang HF, Zhang S. Efficient shortcuts to adiabatic passage for three-dimensional entanglement generation via transitionless quantum driving. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30929. [PMID: 27499169 PMCID: PMC4976372 DOI: 10.1038/srep30929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an effective scheme of shortcuts to adiabaticity for generating a three-dimensional entanglement of two atoms trapped in a cavity using the transitionless quantum driving (TQD) approach. The key point of this approach is to construct an effective Hamiltonian that drives the dynamics of a system along instantaneous eigenstates of a reference Hamiltonian to reproduce the same final state as that of an adiabatic process within a much shorter time. In this paper, the shortcuts to adiabatic passage are constructed by introducing two auxiliary excited levels in each atom and applying extra cavity modes and classical fields to drive the relevant transitions. Thereby, the three-dimensional entanglement is obtained with a faster rate than that in the adiabatic passage. Moreover, the influences of atomic spontaneous emission and photon loss on the fidelity are discussed by numerical simulation. The results show that the speed of entanglement implementation is greatly improved by the use of adiabatic shortcuts and that this entanglement implementation is robust against decoherence. This will be beneficial to the preparation of high-dimensional entanglement in experiment and provides the necessary conditions for the application of high-dimensional entangled states in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang He
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Shi-Lei Su
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.,School of Physical Science &Engineering and Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Dong-Yang Wang
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Wen-Mei Sun
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Cheng-Hua Bai
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Ai-Dong Zhu
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Hong-Fu Wang
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Shou Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
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10
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Ke M, Zhou F, Li X, Wang J, Zhan M. Tailored-waveguide based photonic chip for manipulating an array of single neutral atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:9157-9167. [PMID: 27137532 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.009157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a tailored-waveguide based photonic chip with the functions of trapping, coherently manipulating, detecting and individually addressing an array of single neutral atoms. Such photonic chip consists of an array of independent functional units spaced by a few micrometers, each of which is comprised of one silica-on-silicon optical waveguide and one phase Fresnel microlens etched in the middle of the output interface of the optical waveguide. We fabricated a number of photonic chips with 7 functional units and measured optical characteristics of these chips. We further propose feasible schemes to realize the functions of such photonic chip. The photonic chip is stable, scalable and can be combined with other integrated devices, such as atom chips, and can be used in the future hybrid quantum system and photonic quantum devices.
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11
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Ott H. Single atom detection in ultracold quantum gases: a review of current progress. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:054401. [PMID: 27093632 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/5/054401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in single atom detection and manipulation in experiments with ultracold quantum gases are reviewed. The discussion starts with the basic principles of trapping, cooling and detecting single ions and atoms. The realization of single atom detection in ultracold quantum gases is presented in detail and the employed methods, which are based on light scattering, electron scattering, field ionization and direct neutral particle detection are discussed. The microscopic coherent manipulation of single atoms in a quantum gas is also covered. Various examples are given in order to highlight the power of these approaches to study many-body quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwig Ott
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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12
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13
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Jendrzejewski F, Eckel S, Tiecke TG, Juzeliūnas G, Campbell GK, Jiang L, Gorshkov AV. Subwavelength-width optical tunnel junctions for ultracold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2016; 94:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063422. [PMID: 31098433 PMCID: PMC6515915 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.94.063422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for creating far-field optical barrier potentials for ultracold atoms with widths that are narrower than the diffraction limit and can approach tens of nanometers. The reduced widths stem from the nonlinear atomic response to control fields that create spatially varying dark resonances. The subwavelength barrier is the result of the geometric scalar potential experienced by an atom prepared in such a spatially varying dark state. The performance of this technique, as well as its applications to the study of many-body physics and to the implementation of quantum-information protocols with ultracold atoms, are discussed, with a focus on the implementation of tunnel junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jendrzejewski
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Eckel
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T G Tiecke
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Facebook Inc., Connectivity Lab, 1 Hacker Way, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Juzeliūnas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - G K Campbell
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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14
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Corcovilos TA, Kumar A, Weiss DS. Coherent Addressing of Individual Neutral Atoms in a 3D Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:043003. [PMID: 26252680 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.043003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate arbitrary coherent addressing of individual neutral atoms in a 5×5×5 array formed by an optical lattice. Addressing is accomplished using rapidly reconfigurable crossed laser beams to selectively ac Stark shift target atoms, so that only target atoms are resonant with state-changing microwaves. The effect of these targeted single qubit gates on the quantum information stored in nontargeted atoms is smaller than 3×10^{-3} in state fidelity. This is an important step along the path of converting the scalability promise of neutral atoms into reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Xianli Zhang
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Theodore A Corcovilos
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Aishwarya Kumar
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - David S Weiss
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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15
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Xia T, Lichtman M, Maller K, Carr AW, Piotrowicz MJ, Isenhower L, Saffman M. Randomized benchmarking of single-qubit gates in a 2D array of neutral-atom qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:100503. [PMID: 25815916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We characterize single-qubit Clifford gate operations with randomized benchmarking in a 2D array of neutral-atom qubits and demonstrate global and site selected gates with high fidelity. An average fidelity of F2=0.9983(14) is measured for global microwave-driven gates applied to a 49-qubit array. Single-site gates are implemented with a focused laser beam to Stark shift the microwaves into resonance at a selected site. At Stark selected single sites we observe F2=0.9923(7) and an average spin-flip crosstalk error at other sites of 0.002(9).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xia
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Lichtman
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Maller
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A W Carr
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M J Piotrowicz
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Isenhower
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Saffman
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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16
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Manning AG, Khakimov R, Dall RG, Truscott AG. Single-atom source in the picokelvin regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:130403. [PMID: 25302873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An important aspect of the rapidly growing field of quantum atom optics is exploring the behavior of ultracold atoms at a deeper level than the mean field approximation, where the quantum properties of individual atoms becomes important. Major recent advances have been achieved with the creation and detection of reliable single-atom sources, which is a crucial tool for testing fundamental quantum processes. Here, we create a source comprised of a single ultracold metastable helium atom, which enables novel free-space quantum atom optics experiments to be performed with single massive particles with large de Broglie wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Manning
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - R Khakimov
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - R G Dall
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A G Truscott
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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17
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Piltz C, Sriarunothai T, Varón AF, Wunderlich C. A trapped-ion-based quantum byte with 10(-5) next-neighbour cross-talk. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4679. [PMID: 25134465 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The addressing of a particular qubit within a quantum register is a key pre-requisite for scalable quantum computing. In general, executing a quantum gate with a single qubit, or a subset of qubits, affects the quantum states of all other qubits. This reduced fidelity of the whole-quantum register could prevent the application of quantum error correction protocols and thus preclude scalability. Here we demonstrate addressing of individual qubits within a quantum byte (eight qubits) and measure the error induced in all non-addressed qubits (cross-talk) associated with the application of single-qubit gates. The quantum byte is implemented using microwave-driven hyperfine qubits of (171)Yb(+) ions confined in a Paul trap augmented with a magnetic gradient field. The measured cross-talk is on the order of 10(-5) and therefore below the threshold commonly agreed sufficient to efficiently realize fault-tolerant quantum computing. Hence, our results demonstrate how this threshold can be overcome with respect to cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Piltz
- Department Physik, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - T Sriarunothai
- Department Physik, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - A F Varón
- Department Physik, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - C Wunderlich
- Department Physik, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany
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18
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19
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Kim H, Han HS, Cho D. Magic polarization for optical trapping of atoms without Stark-induced dephasing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:243004. [PMID: 24483653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.243004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the differential ac-Stark shift of a Zeeman-sensitive ground hyperfine transition in an optical trap can be eliminated by using properly polarized trapping light. We use the vector polarizability of an alkali-metal atom to produce a polarization-dependent ac-Stark shift that resembles a Zeeman shift. We study a transition from the |2S1/2,F=2,mF=-2> to the |2S1/2,F=1,mF=-1> state of 7Li to observe 0.59±0.02 Hz linewidth with interrogation time of 2 s and 0.82±0.06 s coherence time of a superposition state. Implications of the narrow linewidth and the long coherence time for precision spectroscopy and quantum information processing using atoms in an optical lattice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Hyok Sang Han
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - D Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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20
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Ortiz-Ambriz A, Lopez-Aguayo S, Kartashov YV, Vysloukh VA, Petrov D, Garcia-Gracia H, Gutiérrez-Vega JC, Torner L. Generation of arbitrary complex quasi-non-diffracting optical patterns. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:22221-22231. [PMID: 24104114 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.022221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unique ability to maintain an intensity distribution upon propagation, non-diffracting light fields are used extensively in various areas of science, including optical tweezers, nonlinear optics and quantum optics, in applications where complex transverse field distributions are required. However, the number and type of rigorously non-diffracting beams is severely limited because their symmetry is dictated by one of the coordinate system where the Helmholtz equation governing beam propagation is separable. Here, we demonstrate a powerful technique that allows the generation of a rich variety of quasi-non-diffracting optical beams featuring nearly arbitrary intensity distributions in the transverse plane. These can be readily engineered via modifications of the angular spectrum of the beam in order to meet the requirements of particular applications. Such beams are not rigorously non-diffracting but they maintain their shape over large distances, which may be tuned by varying the width of the angular spectrum. We report the generation of unique spiral patterns and patterns involving arbitrary combinations of truncated harmonic, Bessel, Mathieu, or parabolic beams occupying different spatial domains. Optical trapping experiments illustrate the opto-mechanical properties of such beams.
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21
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Navon N, Kotler S, Akerman N, Glickman Y, Almog I, Ozeri R. Addressing two-level systems variably coupled to an oscillating field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:073001. [PMID: 23992060 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple method to spectrally resolve an array of identical two-level systems coupled to an inhomogeneous oscillating field. The addressing protocol uses a dressing field with a spatially dependent coupling to the atoms. We validate this scheme experimentally by realizing single-spin addressing of a linear chain of trapped ions that are separated by ~3 μm, dressed by a laser field that is resonant with the micromotion sideband of a narrow optical transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Navon
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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22
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Warring U, Ospelkaus C, Colombe Y, Jördens R, Leibfried D, Wineland DJ. Individual-ion addressing with microwave field gradients. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:173002. [PMID: 23679718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Individual-qubit addressing is a prerequisite for many instances of quantum information processing. We demonstrate this capability on trapped-ion qubits with microwave near fields delivered by electrode structures integrated into a microfabricated surface-electrode trap. We describe four approaches that may be used in quantum information experiments with hyperfine levels as qubits. We implement individual control on two 25Mg+ ions separated by 4.3 μm and find spin-flip crosstalk errors on the order of 10(-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- U Warring
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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23
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Brakhane S, Alt W, Kampschulte T, Martinez-Dorantes M, Reimann R, Yoon S, Widera A, Meschede D. Bayesian feedback control of a two-atom spin-state in an atom-cavity system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:173601. [PMID: 23215185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate real-time feedback control of the joint spin-state of two neutral cesium atoms inside a high finesse optical cavity. The quantum states are discriminated by their different cavity transmission levels. A Bayesian update formalism is used to estimate state occupation probabilities as well as transition rates. We stabilize the balanced two-atom mixed state, which is deterministically inaccessible, via feedback control and find very good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. On average, the feedback loop achieves near optimal conditions by steering the system to the target state marginally exceeding the time to retrieve information about its state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brakhane
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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24
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Hofmann J, Krug M, Ortegel N, Gérard L, Weber M, Rosenfeld W, Weinfurter H. Heralded entanglement between widely separated atoms. Science 2012; 337:72-5. [PMID: 22767924 DOI: 10.1126/science.1221856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Entanglement is the essential feature of quantum mechanics. Notably, observers of two or more entangled particles will find correlations in their measurement results that cannot be explained by classical statistics. To make it a useful resource, particularly for scalable long-distance quantum communication, the heralded generation of entanglement between distant massive quantum systems is necessary. We report on the creation and analysis of heralded entanglement between spins of two single rubidium-87 atoms trapped independently 20 meters apart. Our results illustrate the viability of an integral resource for quantum information science, as well as for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hofmann
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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25
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Petrina AM. Nanorobotics: Simulation and experiments. AUTOMATIC DOCUMENTATION AND MATHEMATICAL LINGUISTICS 2012. [DOI: 10.3103/s0005105512040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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He X, Yu S, Xu P, Wang J, Zhan M. Combining red and blue-detuned optical potentials to form a Lamb-Dicke trap for a single neutral atom. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:3711-3724. [PMID: 22418129 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.003711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a scheme for strong radial confinement of a single 87 Rb atom by a bichromatic far-off resonance optical dipole trap (BFORT). The BFORT is composed of a blue-detuned Laguerre-Gaussian LG01 beam and a red-detuned Gaussian beam. The atomic oscillation frequency measurement shows that the effective trapping dimension is much sharper than that from a diffraction-limited microscopic objective. Theory shows that the added scattering rate due to imposing blue-detuned light is negligible when the temperature of the single atoms is close to ground state temperature. By carrying out sub-Doppler cooling, the mean energy of single atoms trapped in the BFORT is reduced to 15 ± 1 μK. The corresponding mean quantum number of radial vibration n is about 1.65, which satisfies the Lamb-Dicke regime. We conclude that the BFORT is a suitable Lamb-Dicke trap for further cooling a single neutral atom down to the ground state and for further application in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
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27
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Günter G, Robert-de-Saint-Vincent M, Schempp H, Hofmann CS, Whitlock S, Weidemüller M. Interaction enhanced imaging of individual Rydberg atoms in dense gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:013002. [PMID: 22304259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new all-optical method to image individual Rydberg atoms embedded within dense gases of ground state atoms. The scheme exploits interaction-induced shifts on highly polarizable excited states of probe atoms, which can be spatially resolved via an electromagnetically induced transparency resonance. Using a realistic model, we show that it is possible to image individual Rydberg atoms with enhanced sensitivity and high resolution despite photon-shot noise and atomic density fluctuations. This new imaging scheme could be extended to other impurities such as ions, and is ideally suited to equilibrium and dynamical studies of complex many-body phenomena involving strongly interacting particles. As an example we study blockade effects and correlations in the distribution of Rydberg atoms optically excited from a dense gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Günter
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Beaufils Q, Tackmann G, Wang X, Pelle B, Pelisson S, Wolf P, dos Santos FP. Laser controlled tunneling in a vertical optical lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:213002. [PMID: 21699294 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.213002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Raman laser pulses are used to induce coherent tunneling between neighboring sites of a vertical 1D optical lattice. Such tunneling occurs when the detuning of a probe laser from the atomic transition frequency matches multiples of the Bloch frequency, allowing for a spectroscopic control of the coupling between Wannier-Stark (WS) states. In particular, we prepare coherent superpositions of WS states of adjacent sites, and investigate the coherence time of these superpositions by realizing a spatial interferometer. This scheme provides a powerful tool for coherent manipulation of external degrees of freedom of cold atoms, which is a key issue for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Beaufils
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, LNE, CNRS, UPMC, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
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29
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Single-spin addressing in an atomic Mott insulator. Nature 2011; 471:319-24. [DOI: 10.1038/nature09827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Lengwenus A, Kruse J, Schlosser M, Tichelmann S, Birkl G. Coherent transport of atomic quantum states in a scalable shift register. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:170502. [PMID: 21231030 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.170502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the coherent transport of 2D arrays of small ensembles of neutral atoms in a shift register architecture based on 2D arrays of microlenses. We show the scalability of the transport process by presenting the repeated hand over of atoms from site to site. We prove the conservation of coherence during transport, reloading, and a full shift register cycle. This shows that the fundamental shift sequence can be cascaded and thus scaled to complex and versatile 2D architectures for atom-based quantum information processing, quantum simulation, and the investigation of quantum degenerate gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lengwenus
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
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31
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López-Aguayo S, Kartashov YV, Vysloukh VA, Torner L. Method to generate complex quasinondiffracting optical lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:013902. [PMID: 20867446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.013902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We put forward a technique that allows generating quasinondiffracting light beams with a variety of complex transverse shapes. We show that, e.g., spiraling patterns, patterns featuring curved or bent bright stripes, or patterns featuring arbitrary combinations of harmonic, Bessel, Mathieu, and parabolic beams occupying different domains in the transverse plane can be produced. The quasinondiffracting patterns open up a wealth of opportunities for the manipulation of matter and optical waves, colloidal and living particles, with applications in biophysics, and quantum, nonlinear and atom optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servando López-Aguayo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, and Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
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32
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He X, Xu P, Wang J, Zhan M. High efficient loading of two atoms into a microscopic optical trap by dynamically reshaping the trap with a spatial light modulator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:13586-13592. [PMID: 20588491 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.013586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated trapping two neutral (87)Rb atoms in a two site optical ring lattice generated by reflecting a single laser beam from a computer controlled spatial light modulator directly. The ring lattice was transformed into a Gaussian trap by dynamically displaying the holograms animation movie on the modulator. The trapped atoms follow the evolution of traps and move into the same microscopic dipole trap at the end. The detected success rate of this manipulation is larger than 90%. Under imposing the near resonance light, we observed strong light-induce collision between two atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
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33
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Gehr R, Volz J, Dubois G, Steinmetz T, Colombe Y, Lev BL, Long R, Estève J, Reichel J. Cavity-based single atom preparation and high-fidelity hyperfine state readout. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:203602. [PMID: 20867027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We prepare and detect the hyperfine state of a single 87Rb atom coupled to a fiber-based high-finesse cavity on an atom chip. The atom is extracted from a Bose-Einstein condensate and trapped at the maximum of the cavity field, resulting in a reproducibly strong atom-cavity coupling. We use the cavity reflection and transmission signal to infer the atomic hyperfine state with a fidelity exceeding 99.92% in a readout time of 100 μs. The atom is still trapped after detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gehr
- Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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34
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35
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Itah A, Veksler H, Lahav O, Blumkin A, Moreno C, Gordon C, Steinhauer J. Direct observation of a sub-Poissonian number distribution of atoms in an optical lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:113001. [PMID: 20366471 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report single-site resolution in a lattice with tunneling between sites, allowing for an in situ study of stochastic losses. The ratio of the loss rate to the tunneling rate is seen to determine the number fluctuations, and the overall profile of the lattice. Sub-Poissonian number fluctuations are observed. Deriving the lattice beams from a microlens array results in perfect relative stability between beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Itah
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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36
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Zuo Z, Fukusen M, Tamaki Y, Watanabe T, Nakagawa Y, Nakagawa K. Single atom Rydberg excitation in a small dipole trap. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:22898-22905. [PMID: 20052216 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.022898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have realized a single atom trap using a magneto-optical trap (MOT) with a high magnetic field gradient and a small optical dipole trap. Using this trap, we demonstrate the excitation to a highly excited Rydberg state (n=43) with a single Rubidium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchun Zuo
- Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu 182-8585, Japan.
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37
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Moriyasu T, Nomoto D, Koyama Y, Fukuda Y, Kohmoto T. Spin manipulation using the light-shift effect in rubidium atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:213602. [PMID: 20366036 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Optical manipulation of spin coherence in rubidium atoms is studied. The effect of off-resonant and circularly polarized light on optically induced magnetization is investigated. The change in precession frequency caused by the light-shift effect is verified. Absorption-free phase control of spin precession and pure spin rotation about an arbitrary axis are demonstrated. A theory of precession frequency shift that includes the effect of absorption is considered by using the density matrix and the experimental results are in agreement with the predictions of the theory. Thus, we show that it is possible to carry out off-resonant control of spin coherence and all-optical manipulation of spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Moriyasu
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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38
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He X, Xu P, Wang J, Zhan M. Rotating single atoms in a ring lattice generated by a spatial light modulator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:21007-21014. [PMID: 19997339 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.021007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated trapping single neutral Rb atoms in micro traps of an optical ring lattice formed by superposing the +/-l components of the Laguerre-Gaussian mode, and generated by reflecting a single laser beam from a computer controlled spatial light modulator. A single atom in one trap or two atoms with one each in two traps were identified by observing the fluorescence. The trap array loaded with single atoms was rotated by dynamically displaying the hologram animation movie on the modulator. The modulation period in the fluorescence indicates the rotation of one or two single atoms in the lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
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39
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A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a Hubbard-regime optical lattice. Nature 2009; 462:74-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nature08482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1028] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Khudaverdyan M, Alt W, Kampschulte T, Reick S, Thobe A, Widera A, Meschede D. Quantum jumps and spin dynamics of interacting atoms in a strongly coupled atom-cavity system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:123006. [PMID: 19792433 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the spin dynamics of one and two neutral atoms strongly coupled to a high finesse optical cavity. We observe quantum jumps between hyperfine ground states of a single atom. The interaction-induced normal-mode splitting of the atom-cavity system is measured via the atomic excitation. Moreover, we observe the mutual influence of two atoms simultaneously coupled to the cavity mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khudaverdyan
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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41
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Aguado M, Brennen GK, Verstraete F, Cirac JI. Creation, manipulation, and detection of Abelian and non-Abelian anyons in optical lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:260501. [PMID: 19113760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.260501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anyons are particlelike excitations of strongly correlated phases of matter with fractional statistics, characterized by nontrivial changes in the wave function, generalizing Bose and Fermi statistics, when two of them are interchanged. This can be used to perform quantum computations [A. Yu. Kitaev, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 303, 2 (2003)]. We show how to simulate the creation and manipulation of Abelian and non-Abelian anyons in topological lattice models using trapped atoms in optical lattices. Our proposal, feasible with present technology, requires an ancilla particle which can undergo single-particle gates, be moved close to each constituent of the lattice and undergo a simple quantum gate, and be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguado
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, Garching, D-85748, Germany
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Daley AJ, Boyd MM, Ye J, Zoller P. Quantum computing with alkaline-Earth-metal atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:170504. [PMID: 18999733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.170504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a complete scheme for quantum information processing using the unique features of alkaline-earth-metal atoms. We show how two completely independent lattices can be formed for the 1S0 and 3P0 states, with one used as a storage lattice for qubits encoded on the nuclear spin, and the other as a transport lattice to move qubits and perform gate operations. We discuss how the 3P2 level can be used for addressing of individual qubits, and how collisional losses from metastable states can be used to perform gates via a lossy blockade mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Daley
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Sykes AG, Gangardt DM, Davis MJ, Viering K, Raizen MG, Kheruntsyan KV. Spatial nonlocal pair correlations in a repulsive 1D Bose gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:160406. [PMID: 18518172 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.160406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We analytically calculate the spatial nonlocal pair correlation function for an interacting uniform 1D Bose gas at finite temperature and propose an experimental method to measure nonlocal correlations. Our results span six different physical realms, including the weakly and strongly interacting regimes. We show explicitly that the characteristic correlation lengths are given by one of four length scales: the thermal de Broglie wavelength, the mean interparticle separation, the healing length, or the phase coherence length. In all regimes, we identify the profound role of interactions and find that under certain conditions the pair correlation may develop a global maximum at a finite interparticle separation due to the competition between repulsive interactions and thermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Sykes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics, School of Physical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Kim S, Mcleod RR, Saffman M, Wagner KH. Doppler-free, multiwavelength acousto-optic deflector for two-photon addressing arrays of Rb atoms in a quantum information processor. APPLIED OPTICS 2008; 47:1816-1831. [PMID: 18404181 DOI: 10.1364/ao.47.001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a dual wavelength acousto-optic deflector (AOD) designed to deflect two wavelengths to the same angles by driving with two RF frequencies. The AOD is designed as a beam scanner to address two-photon transitions in a two-dimensional array of trapped neutral Rb87 atoms in a quantum computer. Momentum space is used to design AODs that have the same diffraction angles for two wavelengths (780 and 480 nm) and have nonoverlapping Bragg-matched frequency response at these wavelengths, so that there will be no cross talk when proportional frequencies are applied to diffract the two wavelengths. The appropriate crystal orientation, crystal shape, transducer size, and transducer height are determined for an AOD made with a tellurium dioxide crystal (TeO(2)). The designed and fabricated AOD has more than 100 resolvable spots, widely separated band shapes for the two wavelengths within an overall octave bandwidth, spatially overlapping diffraction angles for both wavelengths (780 and 480 nm), and a 4 micros or less access time. Cascaded AODs in which the first device upshifts and the second downshifts allow Doppler-free scanning as required for addressing the narrow atomic resonance without detuning. We experimentally show the diffraction-limited Doppler-free scanning performance and spatial resolution of the designed AOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangtaek Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Optoelectronic Computing Systems Center, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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Gorshkov AV, Jiang L, Greiner M, Zoller P, Lukin MD. Coherent quantum optical control with subwavelength resolution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:093005. [PMID: 18352706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.093005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We suggest a new method for quantum optical control with nanoscale resolution. Our method allows for coherent far-field manipulation of individual quantum systems with spatial selectivity that is not limited by the wavelength of radiation and can, in principle, approach a few nanometers. The selectivity is enabled by the nonlinear atomic response, under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency, to a control beam with intensity vanishing at a certain location. Practical performance of this technique and its potential applications to quantum information science with cold atoms, ions, and solid-state qubits are discussed.
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Hartmann MJ, Plenio MB. Migration of Bosonic particles across a Mott insulator to a superfluid phase interface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:070602. [PMID: 18352536 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We consider a boundary between a Mott insulator and a superfluid region of a Bose-Hubbard model at unit filling. Initially both regions are decoupled and cooled to their respective ground states. We show that, after switching on a small tunneling rate between both regions, all particles of the Mott region migrate to the superfluid area. This migration takes place whenever the difference between the chemical potentials of both regions is less than the maximal energy of any eigenmode of the superfluid. We verify our results numerically with density matrix renormalization group simulations and explain them analytically with a master equation approximation, finding good agreement between both approaches. Finally we carry out a feasibility study for the observation of the effect in coupled arrays of microcavities and optical lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hartmann
- Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2PG, United Kingdom.
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Unks BE, Proite NA, Yavuz DD. Generation of high-power laser light with Gigahertz splitting. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:083108. [PMID: 17764314 DOI: 10.1063/1.2776971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of two high-power laser beams whose frequencies are separated by the ground state hyperfine transition frequency in (87)Rb. The system uses a single master diode laser appropriately shifted by high frequency acousto-optic modulators and amplified by semiconductor tapered amplifiers. This produces two 1 W laser beams with a frequency spacing of 6.834 GHz and a relative frequency stability of 1 Hz. We discuss possible applications of this apparatus, including electromagnetically induced transparency-like effects and ultrafast qubit rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Unks
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Cho J. Addressing individual atoms in optical lattices with standing-wave driving fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:020502. [PMID: 17678206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A scheme for addressing individual atoms in one- or two-dimensional optical lattices loaded with one atom per site is proposed. The scheme is based on position-dependent atomic population transfer induced by several standing-wave driving fields. This allows various operations important in quantum-information processing, such as manipulation and measurement of any single-atom, two-qubit operations between any pair of adjacent atoms, and patterned loading of the lattice with one atom per every nth site for arbitrary n. The proposed scheme is robust against considerable imperfections and actually within reach of current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoon Cho
- Division of Advanced Technology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Korea
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