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Tutunnikov I, Rajitha KV, Voronin AY, Nesvizhevsky VV, Averbukh IS. Impulsively Excited Gravitational Quantum States: Echoes and Time-Resolved Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:170403. [PMID: 33988422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.170403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study an impulsively excited quantum bouncer (QB)-a particle bouncing off a surface in the presence of gravity. A pair of time-delayed pulsed excitations is shown to induce a wave-packet echo effect-a partial rephasing of the QB wave function appearing at twice the delay between pulses. In addition, an appropriately chosen observable [here, the population of the ground gravitational quantum state (GQS)] recorded as a function of the delay is shown to contain the transition frequencies between the GQSs, their populations, and partial phase information about the wave-packet quantum amplitudes. The wave-packet echo effect is a promising candidate method for precision studies of GQSs of ultracold neutrons, atoms, and antiatoms confined in closed gravitational traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tutunnikov
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - K V Rajitha
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - A Yu Voronin
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, 53 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow Ru-119333, Russia
| | - V V Nesvizhevsky
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL), 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - I Sh Averbukh
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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2
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Soukup K, Di Pumpo F, Aßmann T, Schleich WP, Giese E. Atom interferometry with quantized light pulses. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:164310. [PMID: 33940824 DOI: 10.1063/5.0048806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The far-field patterns of atoms diffracted from a classical light field or from a quantum one in a photon-number state are identical. On the other hand, diffraction from a field in a coherent state, which shares many properties with classical light, displays a completely different behavior. We show that in contrast to the diffraction patterns, the interference signal of an atom interferometer with light-pulse beam splitters and mirrors in intense coherent states does approach the limit of classical fields. However, low photon numbers reveal the granular structure of light, leading to a reduced visibility since welcher-Weg (which-way) information is encoded into the field. We discuss this effect for a single photon-number state as well as a superposition of two such states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Soukup
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabio Di Pumpo
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Aßmann
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Schleich
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Enno Giese
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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3
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Wang P, He L, He Y, Sun S, Liu R, Wang B, Lan P, Lu P. Multilevel quantum interference in the formation of high-order fractional molecular alignment echoes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:663-673. [PMID: 33726297 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the formation of the high-order fractional alignment echo in OCS molecule and systematically study the dependence of echo intensity on the intensities and time delay of the two excitation pulses. Our simulations reveal an intricate dependence of the intensity of high-order fractional alignment echo on the laser conditions. Based on the analysis with rotational density matrix, this intricate dependence is further demonstrated to arise from the interference of multiple quantum pathways that involve multilevel rotational transitions. Our result provides a comprehensive multilevel picture of the quantum dynamics of high-order fractional alignment echo in molecular ensembles, which will facilitate the development of "rotational echo spectroscopy."
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Wang B, He L, He Y, Zhang Y, Shao R, Lan P, Lu P. All-optical measurement of high-order fractional molecular echoes by high-order harmonic generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:30172-30181. [PMID: 31684267 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An all-optical measurement of high-order fractional molecular echoes is demonstrated by using high-order harmonic generation (HHG). Excited by a pair of time-delayed short laser pulses, the signatures of full and high order fractional (1/2 and 1/3) alignment echoes are observed in the HHG signals measured from CO 2 molecules at various time delays of the probe pulse. By increasing the time delay of the pump pulses, much higher order fractional (1/4) alignment echo is also observed in N 2O molecules. With an analytic model based on the impulsive approximation, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the echo process are retrieved from the experiment. Compared to the typical molecular alignment revivals, high-order fractional molecular echoes are demonstrated to dephase more rapidly, which will open a new route towards the ultrashort-time measurement. The proposed HHG method paves an efficient way for accessing the high-order fractional echoes in molecules.
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Assemat F, Grosso D, Signoles A, Facon A, Dotsenko I, Haroche S, Raimond JM, Brune M, Gleyzes S. Quantum Rabi Oscillations in Coherent and in Mesoscopic Cat Field States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:143605. [PMID: 31702170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.143605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The simple resonant Rabi oscillation of a two-level system in a single-mode coherent field reveals complex features at the mesoscopic scale, with oscillation collapses and revivals. Using slow circular Rydberg atoms interacting with a superconducting microwave cavity, we explore this phenomenon in an unprecedented range of interaction times and photon numbers. We demonstrate the efficient production of cat states, which are the quantum superposition of coherent components with nearly opposite phases and sizes in the range of few tens of photons. We measure cuts of their Wigner functions revealing their quantum coherence and observe their fast decoherence. This experiment opens promising perspectives for the rapid generation and manipulation of nonclassical states in cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Assemat
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - D Grosso
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Signoles
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Facon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - I Dotsenko
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Haroche
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J M Raimond
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Brune
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Gleyzes
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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Lin K, Ma J, Gong X, Song Q, Ji Q, Zhang W, Li H, Lu P, Li H, Zeng H, Wu J, Hartmann JM, Faucher O, Gershnabel E, Prior Y, Averbukh IS. Rotated echoes of molecular alignment: fractional, high order and imaginary. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:24917-24926. [PMID: 29041165 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.024917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental observations of rotated echoes of alignment induced by a pair of time-delayed and polarization-skewed femtosecond laser pulses interacting with an ensemble of molecular rotors. Rotated fractional echoes, rotated high order echoes and rotated imaginary echoes are directly visualized by using the technique of coincident Coulomb explosion imaging. We show that the echo phenomenon not only exhibits temporal recurrences but also spatial rotations determined by the polarization of the time-delayed second pulse. The dynamics of echo formation is well described by the laser-induced filamentation in rotational phase space. The quantum-mechanical simulation shows good agreements with the experimental results.
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Karras G, Hertz E, Billard F, Lavorel B, Hartmann JM, Faucher O, Gershnabel E, Prior Y, Averbukh IS. Orientation and alignment echoes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:153601. [PMID: 25933313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.153601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present one of the simplest classical systems featuring the echo phenomenon-a collection of randomly oriented free rotors with dispersed rotational velocities. Following excitation by a pair of time-delayed impulsive kicks, the mean orientation or alignment of the ensemble exhibits multiple echoes and fractional echoes. We elucidate the mechanism of the echo formation by the kick-induced filamentation of phase space, and provide the first experimental demonstration of classical alignment echoes in a thermal gas of CO_{2} molecules excited by a pair of femtosecond laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Karras
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - E Hertz
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - F Billard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - B Lavorel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - J-M Hartmann
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA) CNRS (UMR 7583), Université Paris Est Créteil, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - O Faucher
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Erez Gershnabel
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yehiam Prior
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ilya Sh Averbukh
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Brezinski ME, Rupnick M. Can We Advance Macroscopic Quantum Systems Outside the Framework of Complex Decoherence Theory? JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 7:119-136. [PMID: 29200743 PMCID: PMC5710819 DOI: 10.4172/jcsb.1000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macroscopic quantum systems (MQS) are macroscopic systems driven by quantum rather than classical mechanics, a long studied area with minimal success till recently. Harnessing the benefits of quantum mechanics on a macroscopic level would revolutionize fields ranging from telecommunication to biology, the latter focused on here for reasons discussed. Contrary to misconceptions, there are no known physical laws that prevent the development of MQS. Instead, they are generally believed universally lost in complex systems from environmental entanglements (decoherence). But we argue success is achievable MQS with decoherence compensation developed, naturally or artificially, from top-down rather current reductionist approaches. This paper advances the MQS field by a complex systems approach to decoherence. First, why complex system decoherence approaches (top-down) are needed is discussed. Specifically, complex adaptive systems (CAS) are not amenable to reductionist models (and their master equations) because of emergent behaviour, approximation failures, not accounting for quantum compensatory mechanisms, ignoring path integrals, and the subentity problem. In addition, since MQS must exist within the context of the classical world, where rapid decoherence and prolonged coherence are both needed. Nature has already demonstrated this for quantum subsystems such as photosynthesis and magnetoreception. Second, we perform a preliminary study that illustrates a top-down approach to potential MQS. In summary, reductionist arguments against MQS are not justifiable. It is more likely they are not easily detectable in large intact classical systems or have been destroyed by reductionist experimental set-ups. This complex systems decoherence approach, using top down investigations, is critical to paradigm shifts in MQS research both in biological and non-biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Brezinski
- Center for Optical Coherence Tomography and Modern Physics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, MRB-114, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Rm 36-360, 50 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria Rupnick
- Center for Optical Coherence Tomography and Modern Physics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, MRB-114, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Haroche S. Über die Kontrolle von Photonen im Kasten und die Erforschung des Übergangs von der Quanten- zur klassischen Welt (Nobel-Aufsatz). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Haroche S. Controlling photons in a box and exploring the quantum to classical boundary (Nobel Lecture). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10159-78. [PMID: 24038846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microwave photons trapped in a superconducting cavity constitute an ideal system to realize some of the thought experiments imagined by the founding fathers of quantum physics. The interaction of these trapped photons with Rydberg atoms crossing the cavity illustrates fundamental aspects of measurement theory. The experiments performed with this "photon box" at Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) belong to the domain of quantum optics called "Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics". We have realized the non-destructive counting of photons, the recording of field quantum jumps, the preparation and reconstruction of "Schrödinger cat" states of radiation and the study of their decoherence, which provides a striking illustration of the transition from the quantum to the classical world. These experiments have also led to the demonstration of basic steps in quantum information processing, including the deterministic entanglement of atoms and the realization of quantum gates using atoms and photons as quantum bits. This lecture starts by an introduction stressing the connection between the ENS photon box and the ion trap experiments of David Wineland, whose accompanying lecture recalls his own contribution to the field of single particle control. I give then a personal account of the early days of Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics before describing the main experiments performed at ENS during the last twenty years and concluding by a discussion comparing our work to other researches dealing with the control of single quantum particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Haroche
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure & Collège de France, Paris (France)
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11
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Abstract
The recent paper entitled by K. C. Lee et al. (2011) establishes nonlocal macroscopic quantum correlations, which they term "entanglement", under ambient conditions. Photon(s)-phonon entanglements are established within each interferometer arm. However, our analysis demonstrates, the phonon fields between arms become correlated as a result of single-photon wavepacket path indistinguishability, not true nonlocal entanglement. We also note that a coherence expansion (as opposed to decoherence) resulted from local entanglement which was not recognized. It occurred from nearly identical Raman scattering in each arm (importantly not meeting the Born and Markovian approximations). The ability to establish nonlocal macroscopic quantum correlations through path indistinguishability rather than entanglement offers the opportunity to greatly expand quantum macroscopic theory and application, even though it was not true nonlocal entanglement.
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Widera A, Trotzky S, Cheinet P, Fölling S, Gerbier F, Bloch I, Gritsev V, Lukin MD, Demler E. Quantum spin dynamics of mode-squeezed Luttinger liquids in two-component atomic gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:140401. [PMID: 18518006 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.140401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of many-body spin dynamics of interacting, one-dimensional (1D) ultracold bosonic gases with two spin states. By controlling the nonlinear atomic interactions close to a Feshbach resonance we are able to induce a phase diffusive many-body spin dynamics of the relative phase between the two components. We monitor this dynamical evolution by Ramsey interferometry, supplemented by a novel, many-body echo technique, which unveils the role of quantum fluctuations in 1D. We find that the time evolution of the system is well described by a Luttinger liquid initially prepared in a multimode squeezed state. Our approach allows us to probe the nonequilibrium evolution of one-dimensional many-body quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Widera
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik, Staudingerweg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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13
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Pielawa S, Morigi G, Vitali D, Davidovich L. Generation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-entangled radiation through an atomic reservoir. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:240401. [PMID: 17677944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.240401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for generating two-mode squeezing in high-Q resonators using a beam of atoms with random arrival times, which acts as a reservoir for the field. The scheme is based on four-wave mixing processes leading to emission into two cavity modes, which are resonant with the Rabi sidebands of the atomic dipole transition, driven by a saturating classical field. At steady state the cavity modes are in an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state, whose degree of entanglement is controlled by the intensity and the frequency of the transverse field. This scheme is robust against stochastic fluctuations in the atomic beam, does not require atomic detection nor velocity selection, and can be realized by presently available experimental setups with microwave resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Pielawa
- Departament de Fisica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Neergaard-Nielsen JS, Nielsen BM, Hettich C, Mølmer K, Polzik ES. Generation of a superposition of odd photon number states for quantum information networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:083604. [PMID: 17026305 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.083604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of quantum-network-compatible light described by a nonpositive Wigner function. The state is generated by photon subtraction from a squeezed vacuum state produced by a continuous wave optical parametric amplifier. Ideally, the state is a coherent superposition of odd photon number states, closely resembling a superposition of weak coherent states |alpha > - |-alpha >. In the limit of low squeezing the state is basically a single photon state. Light is generated with about 10,000 and more events per second in a nearly perfect spatial mode with a Fourier-limited frequency bandwidth which matches well atomic quantum memory requirements. The generated state of light is an excellent input state for testing quantum memories, quantum repeaters, and linear optics quantum computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Neergaard-Nielsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK 2100, Denmark and QUANTOP, Danish National Research Foundation Center for Quantum Optics, Denmark
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Maioli P, Meunier T, Gleyzes S, Auffeves A, Nogues G, Brune M, Raimond JM, Haroche S. Nondestructive Rydberg atom counting with mesoscopic fields in a cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:113601. [PMID: 15903855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present an efficient, state-selective, nondemolition atom-counting procedure based on the dispersive interaction of a sample of circular Rydberg atoms with a mesoscopic field contained in a high-quality superconducting cavity. The state-dependent atomic index of refraction, proportional to the atom number, shifts the classical field phase. A homodyne procedure translates the information from the phase to the intensity. The final field intensity is readout by a mesoscopic atomic sample. This method opens promising routes for quantum information processing and nonclassical state generation with Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maioli
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Département de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
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